scholarly journals GluN2A/ERK/CREB Signaling Pathway Involved in Electroacupuncture Regulating Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Hyperactivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Wang ◽  
Jing Han ◽  
Jing Zhu ◽  
Mizhen Zhang ◽  
Minda Ju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Adrenal Axis ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

Graphical AbstractSurgery induced HPA axis hyperactivity, while EA intervention inhibited the activation of hypothalamic GluN2A/ERK/CREB signaling pathway, thereby reducing the synthesis and secretion of CRH, alleviating the hyperactivity of the HPA axis after surgery.

scholarly journals Dream Recall/Affect and the Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-408
Author(s):  
Athanasios Tselebis ◽  
Emmanouil Zoumakis ◽  
Ioannis Ilias
Keyword(s):  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Glucocorticoid Receptors ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Dream Recall ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Adrenal Axis ◽  
Concise Review ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

In this concise review, we present an overview of research on dream recall/affect and of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, discussing caveats regarding the action of hormones of the HPA axis (mainly cortisol and its free form, cortisol-binding globulin and glucocorticoid receptors). We present results of studies regarding dream recall/affect and the HPA axis under physiological (such as waking) or pathological conditions (such as in Cushing’s syndrome or stressful situations). Finally, we try to integrate the effect of the current COVID-19 situation with dream recall/affect vis-à-vis the HPA axis.

scholarly journals Repeated Ferret Odor Exposure Induces Different Temporal Patterns of Same-Stressor Habituation and Novel-Stressor Sensitization in Both Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Activity and Forebrain c-fos Expression in the Rat

Endocrinology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 150 (2) ◽  
pp. 749-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc S. Weinberg ◽  
Aadra P. Bhatt ◽  
Milena Girotti ◽  
Cher V. Masini ◽  
Heidi E. W. Day ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis ◽  
Repeated Exposure ◽  
Early Gene ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Adrenal Axis ◽  
Psychological Stressor ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

Repeated exposure to a moderately intense stressor typically produces attenuation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis response (habituation) on re-presentation of the same stressor; however, if a novel stressor is presented to the same animals, the HPA axis response may be augmented (sensitization). The extent to which this adaptation is also evident within neural activity patterns is unknown. This study tested whether repeated ferret odor (FO) exposure, a moderately intense psychological stressor for rats, leads to both same-stressor habituation and novel-stressor sensitization of the HPA axis response and neuronal activity as determined by immediate early gene induction (c-fos mRNA). Rats were presented with FO in their home cages for 30 min a day for up to 2 wk and subsequently challenged with FO or restraint. Rats displayed HPA axis activity habituation and widespread habituation of c-fos mRNA expression (in situ hybridization) throughout the brain in as few as three repeated presentations of FO. However, repeated FO exposure led to a more gradual development of sensitized HPA-axis and c-fos mRNA responses to restraint that were not fully evident until after 14 d of prior FO exposure. The sensitized response was evident in many of the same brain regions that displayed habituation, including primary sensory cortices and the prefrontal cortex. The shared spatial expression but distinct temporal development of habituation and sensitization neural response patterns suggests two independent processes with opposing influences across overlapping brain systems. Repeated exposure of rats to ferret odor leads to rapid development of stimulus-specific habituation and slower development of novel-stressor sensitization of forebrain and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Corticosteroid Regimens on Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal Axis and Growth in Juvenile Chronic Arthritis

1983 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 452-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A Byron ◽  
J Jackson ◽  
B M Ansell
Keyword(s):  
Corticosteroid Therapy ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Juvenile Chronic Arthritis ◽  
Chronic Arthritis ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Adrenal Axis ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

Linear growth was recorded in 36 children with juvenile chronic arthritis. In 20, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis) was assessed by insulin-induced hypoglycaemia, the results of which correlated well with resting Cortisol levels. Three groups were identified according to type of corticosteroid regimen administered. Group 1 (6 children), receiving daily corticosteroid therapy, were clearly suppressed and failing to grow. Group 2 (13 children) had received an alternate-day regimen from the initiation of corticosteroid therapy; they were not suppressed and growth was satisfactory in 11. Group 3 (17 children) were receiving alternate-day therapy, but had had daily corticosteroid in the past; they showed no clear pattern of suppression or growth. Factors influencing the recovery of the HPA axis and resumption of growth were assessed. No difference was found in the individual growth of 7 children who commenced alternate-day therapy before the age of 5, compared with matched controls. It is suggested that daily divided doses of corticosteroid should not be used. Ideally, a single morning dose (up to 2 mg/kg) alternate-day regimen should be employed, as this regimen has minimal effects on HPA function and growth, even in young children. For very severe systemic features, it may be necessary to add a small single dose on the alternate day.

The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis, Obesity, and Chronic Stress Exposure: Foods and HPA Axis

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Femke Rutters ◽  
Susanne La Fleur ◽  
Sofie Lemmens ◽  
Jurriaan Born ◽  
Mieke Martens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Adrenal Axis ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

Endocrine–paracine interaction in communication between the immune and endocrine systems. Activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in inflammation

1994 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroo Imura ◽  
Jun-ichi Fukata
Keyword(s):  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis ◽  
Defence Mechanism ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Adrenal Axis ◽  
School Of Medicine ◽  
Endocrine Organs ◽  
Paracrine Interaction ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

Imura H, Fukata J. Endocrine–paracrine interaction in communication between the immune and endocrine systems. Activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in inflammation. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;130:32–7. ISSN 0804–4643 There are bidirectional communications between the immune and endocrine systems. Cytokines produced in inflammatory foci cause changes in the endocrine system, including activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Hormones produced in the endocrine system, especially glucocorticoids, affect the immune system to modulate its function. This is an important endocrine system for the defence mechanism. In addition, bacterial lipopolysaccharide produces cytokines in the brain and endocrine organs which are considered to act through the paracrine mechanism to regulate the HPA axis. Endocrine–paracrine interaction is important for the defence mechanism of the organism. Hiroo Imura, Kyoto University School of Medicine, Yoshida Honmachi Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-01, Japan

scholarly journals The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis: Development, Programming Actions of Hormones, and Maternal-Fetal Interactions

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julietta A. Sheng ◽  
Natalie J. Bales ◽  
Sage A. Myers ◽  
Anna I. Bautista ◽  
Mina Roueinfar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis ◽  
Abnormal Development ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Hormone Synthesis ◽  
Adrenal Axis ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Development Programming ◽  
Physiological Homeostasis ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is a complex system of neuroendocrine pathways and feedback loops that function to maintain physiological homeostasis. Abnormal development of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis can further result in long-term alterations in neuropeptide and neurotransmitter synthesis in the central nervous system, as well as glucocorticoid hormone synthesis in the periphery. Together, these changes can potentially lead to a disruption in neuroendocrine, behavioral, autonomic, and metabolic functions in adulthood. In this review, we will discuss the regulation of the HPA axis and its development. We will also examine the maternal-fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and disruption of the normal fetal environment which becomes a major risk factor for many neurodevelopmental pathologies in adulthood, such as major depressive disorder, anxiety, schizophrenia, and others.

Regulation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis by Cytokines: Actions and Mechanisms of Action

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREW V. TURNBULL ◽  
CATHERINE L. RIVIER
Keyword(s):  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Adrenal Axis ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis ◽  
Neuroendocrine Systems

Turnbull, Andrew V., and Catherine L. Rivier. Regulation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis by Cytokines: Actions and Mechanisms of Action. Physiol. Rev. 79: 1–71, 1999. — Glucocorticoids are hormone products of the adrenal gland, which have long been recognized to have a profound impact on immunologic processes. The communication between immune and neuroendocrine systems is, however, bidirectional. The endocrine and immune systems share a common “chemical language,” with both systems possessing ligands and receptors of “classical” hormones and immunoregulatory mediators. Studies in the early to mid 1980s demonstrated that monocyte-derived or recombinant interleukin-1 (IL-1) causes secretion of hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, establishing that immunoregulators, known as cytokines, play a pivotal role in this bidirectional communication between the immune and neuroendocrine systems. The subsequent 10–15 years have witnessed demonstrations that numerous members of several cytokine families increase the secretory activity of the HPA axis. Because this neuroendocrine action of cytokines is mediated primarily at the level of the central nervous system, studies investigating the mechanisms of HPA activation produced by cytokines take on a more broad significance, with findings relevant to the more fundamental question of how cytokines signal the brain. This article reviews published findings that have documented which cytokines have been shown to influence hormone secretion from the HPA axis, determined under what physiological/pathophysiological circumstances endogenous cytokines regulate HPA axis activity, established the possible sites of cytokine action on HPA axis hormone secretion, and identified the potential neuroanatomic and pharmacological mechanisms by which cytokines signal the neuroendocrine hypothalamus.

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