Increasing Incidence of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Trend Over 31 Years in Southern Sweden

Background The reported incidence of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) varies from studies around the world, depending on patient collection techniques, geographic region, and time. Our aim was to study the mean annual incidence of juvenile arthritis in a population-based setting using two regional cohorts of children diagnosed with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA) and JIA over a period of 31 years.Findings The study population was 651 children diagnosed 1980-2010. The mean annual incidence over the period was 9.9 per 100,000 children, with a range from 4.2 per 100,000 in 1980 to 17.1 per 100,000 children in 2010. When comparing incidence rate between the decade of diagnosis using rate ratios, there is a significant difference with diagnosis 1980-1989 as comparator.Conclusions We show a statistically significant increase in the incidence of JIA over three decades in a population-based cohort of children with juvenile arthritis.

A Novel Hope for Alopecia Totalis Patients: Case Report

Alopecia areata (AA) is a common autoimmune disorder causing nonscarring patchy hair loss. Alopecia totalis (AT) is a severe variant of AA. Although there are several available treatment modalities for AA, efficacy of most of them is not satisfactory in case of AT. Recently, several case reports and series and small open-label studies have shown efficacy of oral Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors as treatment for AT. Tofacitinib is one of the JAK inhibitors, which is an approved drug for treatment of rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis. In this case report, we have treated a 24-year-old girl who had juvenile chronic arthritis and developed AT. She was treated for 3 years with different modalities without satisfactorily results. We treated her with tofacitinib 5 mg orally twice a day and assessed its efficacy and adverse effects if any. We monitored scalp hair regrowth of the patient using the score of severity of alopecia tool. The patient tolerated the treatment well; hair regrowth started from the 4th week and full regrowth attained by the 9th month of the treatment. No serious adverse effects were noticed. Tofacitinib can potentially be considered as an effective and well-tolerated treatment for AT; however, larger studies are needed to address its long-term efficacy.

Protective behavior of adolescents with acquired orthopedic diseases in the conditions of rehabilitation treatment

Background. Teenagers with orthopedic diseases are in a difficult life situation, accompanied by experiences of an extraordinary level. Adaptation mechanisms play an important role in overcoming emotional difficulties. An important component of the adaptation process is psychological defense mechanisms. The article discusses the structure and effectiveness of the protective disposition of personality in adolescents suffering from various forms of acquired orthopedic diseases. Aim. This study aimed to determine the structure and effectiveness of the protective disposition of personality in adolescents suffering from various forms of acquired orthopedic diseases. Materials and methods. The study involved adolescents suffering from acquired orthopedic diseases: juvenile chronic arthritis, idiopathic scoliosis, and adolescents with long-term consequences of physical trauma on the basis of voluntary informed consent. All teenagers received treatment in the childrens orthopedic clinic. The study involved 139 adolescents with acquired orthopedic diseases and 36 healthy adolescents aged 1217 years. Clinical psychological and psychodiagnostic methods were used to survey the respondents. Results. The general and specific features of the protective system of personality in adolescents with various forms of orthopedic diseases and their healthy peers were revealed. The role of mechanisms of psychological protection in the development of post-traumatic symptoms in adolescents with various forms of acquired orthopedic diseases in the situation of rehabilitation treatment is revealed. Conclusions. Taking into account the features of the protective disposition of the personality of adolescents with orthopedic diseases allows a differentiated approach to psychological correction at the stages of rehabilitation treatment, to develop individual approaches to providing psychological assistance in a hospital.

Surgical Management of Unilateral Soft Tissue Swelling around the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint in an Adolescent: A Case Report of Pachydermodactyly

Pachydermodactyly (PDD) is a rare and benign acquired form of digital fibromatosis, characterized by asymptomatic fusiform soft tissue hypertrophy of the lateral aspect of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints of the fingers. The etiology of PDD remains unknown, but it usually affects healthy males around the age of puberty. It can be misdiagnosed as inflammatory rheumatic diseases, especially as juvenile chronic arthritis. Here, we report a case of PDD in an 18-year-old man who had progressive fusiform swelling of the PIP joint on his left middle finger. Although he had no pain or functional limitation of movement, he chose to undergo surgical resection of the lesion to obtain a conclusive diagnosis and to rectify the deformity’s appearance. Histologically, the lesion was characterized by coarse fibrosis in the adipose tissue, peripheral nerve fibers, and eccrine glands; this is compatible with a diagnosis of PDD.

Growth Abnormalities in Children with Type 1 Diabetes, Juvenile Chronic Arthritis, and Asthma

Children and adolescents with chronic diseases are commonly affected by a variable degree of growth failure, leading to an impaired final height. Of note, the peculiar onset during childhood and adolescence of some chronic diseases, such as type 1 diabetes, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and asthma, underlines the relevant role of healthcare planners and providers in detecting and preventing growth abnormalities in these high risk populations. In this review article, the most relevant common and disease-specific mechanisms by which these major chronic diseases affect growth in youth are analyzed. In addition, the available and potential targeting strategies to restore the physiological, hormonal, and inflammatory pattern are described.