scholarly journals Altered Microstructure of Cerebral Gray Matter in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder-Optic Neuritis: A DKI Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanjuan Zhang ◽  
Qing Li ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
Xiaoxia Qu ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gaussian Random Field ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging ◽  
Mean Deviation ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder

The purpose of this study was to analyze microstructural alterations in cerebral gray matter using non-Gaussian diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) patients with optic neuritis (NMOSD-ON). DKI was performed in 14 NMOSD-ON patients and 22 normal controls (NCs). DKI-derived metrics, including mean kurtosis (MK), radial kurtosis (RK), axial kurtosis (AK), fractional anisotropy (FA), and mean diffusivity (MD), were voxel-wisely compared by two-sample t-tests with gaussian random field (GRF) correction between the two groups. The correlations between altered DKI metrics and clinical features were analyzed. Compared with NCs, NMOSD-ON patients showed significantly decreased MK and RK both in the left inferior temporal gyrus (ITG), and decreased AK in the bilateral calcarine (CAL). While increased MD in the left fusiform gyrus (FFG), right CAL, and right hippocampus (HIP)/parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) were found. Furthermore, correlation analysis showed that mean deviation was negatively correlated with AK values of bilateral CAL and positively correlated with MD values of right CAL (q < 0.05, false discovery rate (FDR) corrected). For NMOSD-ON patients, microstructural abnormalities in the occipital visual cortex are correlated with clinical disability. These findings may provide complementary information to understand the neuropathological mechanisms underlying the impairments of cerebral gray matter in NMOSD-ON.

Optic Neuritis–Independent Retinal Atrophy in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Angeliki G. Filippatou ◽  
Eleni S. Vasileiou ◽  
Yufan He ◽  
Kathryn C. Fitzgerald ◽  
Grigorios Kalaitzidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Retinal Atrophy

scholarly journals Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder and Anti-MOG Syndromes

Biomedicines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco A. Lana-Peixoto ◽  
Natália Talim
Keyword(s):  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Area Postrema ◽  
Water Channel ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Transverse Myelitis ◽  
Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (anti-MOG) syndromes are immune-mediated inflammatory conditions of the central nervous system that frequently involve the optic nerves and the spinal cord. Because of their similar clinical manifestations and habitual relapsing course they are frequently confounded with multiple sclerosis (MS). Early and accurate diagnosis of these distinct conditions is relevant as they have different treatments. Some agents used for MS treatment may be deleterious to NMOSD. NMOSD is frequently associated with antibodies which target aquaporin-4 (AQP4), the most abundant water channel in the CNS, located in the astrocytic processes at the blood-brain barrier (BBB). On the other hand, anti-MOG syndromes result from damage to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), expressed on surfaces of oligodendrocytes and myelin sheaths. Acute transverse myelitis with longitudinally extensive lesion on spinal MRI is the most frequent inaugural manifestation of NMOSD, usually followed by optic neuritis. Other core clinical characteristics include area postrema syndrome, brainstem, diencephalic and cerebral symptoms that may be associated with typical MRI abnormalities. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and bilateral or recurrent optic neuritis are the most frequent anti-MOG syndromes in children and adults, respectively. Attacks are usually treated with steroids, and relapses prevention with immunosuppressive drugs. Promising emerging therapies for NMOSD include monoclonal antibodies and tolerization.

scholarly journals Mimics of Optic Neuritis in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Nandita Prabhat ◽  
Karthik Vinay Mahesh ◽  
Aastha Takkar ◽  
Manjul Tripathi ◽  
Chirag Ahuja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder

scholarly journals Diffusion kurtosis imaging of gray matter in young adults with autism spectrum disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faye McKenna ◽  
Laura Miles ◽  
Jeffrey Donaldson ◽  
F. Xavier Castellanos ◽  
Mariana Lazar
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging ◽  
Adults With Autism

AbstractPrior ex vivo histological postmortem studies of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have shown gray matter microstructural abnormalities, however, in vivo examination of gray matter microstructure in ASD has remained scarce due to the relative lack of non-invasive methods to assess it. The aim of this work was to evaluate the feasibility of employing diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI) to describe gray matter abnormalities in ASD in vivo. DKI data were examined for 16 male participants with a diagnosis of ASD and IQ>80 and 17 age- and IQ-matched male typically developing (TD) young adults 18–25 years old. Mean (MK), axial (AK), radial (RK) kurtosis and mean diffusivity (MD) metrics were calculated for lobar and sub-lobar regions of interest. Significantly decreased MK, RK, and MD were found in ASD compared to TD participants in the frontal and temporal lobes and several sub-lobar regions previously associated with ASD pathology. In ASD participants, decreased kurtosis in gray matter ROIs correlated with increased repetitive and restricted behaviors and poor social interaction symptoms. Decreased kurtosis in ASD may reflect a pathology associated with a less restrictive microstructural environment such as decreased neuronal density and size, atypically sized cortical columns, or limited dendritic arborizations.

scholarly journals MOG-IgG-Associated Optic Neuritis, Encephalitis, and Myelitis: Lessons Learned From Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giordani Rodrigues dos Passos ◽  
Luana Michelli Oliveira ◽  
Bruna Klein da Costa ◽  
Samira Luisa Apostolos-Pereira ◽  
Dagoberto Callegaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder
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