scholarly journals Electrophysiological evidence for adult age-related sparing and decrements in emotion perception and attention

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua W. Pollock ◽  
Nadia Khoja ◽  
Kevin P. Kaut ◽  
Mei-Ching Lien ◽  
Philip A. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Perception ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Electrophysiological Evidence ◽  
Age Related

Age Related Prevalence of Pre-Eruptive Intracoronal Radiolucent Defects in the Permanent Dentition

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Umansky ◽  
Nili Tickotsky ◽  
Silvina Friedlander-Barenboim ◽  
Sarit Faibis ◽  
Moti Moskovitz
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Third Molar ◽  
Young Group ◽  
Young Age ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Unerupted Teeth

Objective: The present study aimed to determine if the prevalence of pre-eruptive intracoronal radiolucent defects is higher for young age groups, in which there are more unerupted teeth. Study design: A retrospective study of panoramic and bitewing radiographs was conducted. An inclusion criterion was the presence of un-erupted permanent teeth with a formed and clearly visible crown. Age groups were: young (6–8 years), intermediate (9–12 years) and adults (13–53 years). Significance level was set at p≤0.05. Results: Thirteen (3.9%) pre-eruptive lesions were detected in 335 records. No lesions were found in the young group (7.4%), in the intermediate and adult age groups six and seven lesions were found, respectively. In most cases the pre-eruptive lesion was found in a third molar. Conclusion: The prevalence of pre-eruptive intracoronal lesions was not higher for young age groups. The prevalence of pre-eruptive intra coronal radiolucent lesions is 3.9%, irrespective of age.

scholarly journals Adult age differences in subjective responses to dynamic socioemotional incentives

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sade J Abiodun ◽  
Galen McAllister ◽  
Gregory Russell Samanez-Larkin ◽  
Kendra Leigh Seaman
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Incentive Motivation ◽  
Social Signals ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Positivity Effect ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Adult Age Differences

Facial expressions are powerful communicative social signals that motivate feelings and action in the observer. However, research on incentive motivation has overwhelmingly focused on money and points and the limited research on social incentives has been mostly focused on responses in young adulthood. Previous research on the age-related positivity effect and adult age differences in social motivation suggest that older adults might experience higher levels of positive arousal to socioemotional stimuli than younger adults. Affect ratings following dynamic emotional expressions (anger, happiness, sadness) varying in magnitude of expression showed that higher magnitude expressions elicited higher arousal and valence ratings. Older adults did not differ significantly in levels of arousal when compared to younger adults, however their ratings of emotional valence were significantly higher as the magnitude of expressions increased. The findings provide novel evidence that socioemotional incentives may be relatively more reinforcing as adults age. More generally, these dynamic socioemotional stimuli that vary in magnitude are ideal for future studies of more naturalistic affect elicitation, studies of social incentive processing, and use in incentive-driven choice tasks.

An Examination of the Adult age Differences on the Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices

1992 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-155
Author(s):  
Renee L. Babcock
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Spatial Transformation ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Rule Application ◽  
Adult Age Differences ◽  
Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices ◽  
Application Component

The purpose of the current project was to examine the nature of the age-related differences on the Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices (APM). Three components were hypothesized to be involved in correctly solving the APM problems. These included a rule-identification component, a rule-application component (involving a one-rule spatial transformation), and a rule-coordination component. The project was designed to examine the influence of each of the hypothesized components on the age-related variance on the APM. Two tests presumed to measure each hypothesized component were presented to 183 adults between the ages of 21 and 83. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that although all of the hypothesized components accounted for a significant amount of the variance on the APM (approximately 50% each), only performance on the tasks measuring rule application accounted for a unique proportion of the age-related variance on the APM. Implications of the results in regards to following symbolic instructions in assembly of objects and in driving are discussed.

Retroactive and Proactive Inhibition in Young and Elderly Adults Using an Unpaced Modified Free Recall Test

1973 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Traxler
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Proactive Inhibition ◽  
Elderly Adults ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Transfer Paradigm ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Anticipation Interval ◽  
Recall Procedure

The role of interference as an age-related variable in RI and PI as a function of anticipation interval and transfer paradigm was studied by employing different transfer paradigms (A-B, A-C; A-B, C-B; A-B, C-D), and by varying the anticipation interval (2 sec. or 4 sec.). 60 young ( M = 27.42 yr.) and 60 elderly adults ( M = 68.73 yr.) learned 2 lists of paired adjectives to an 8/8 criterion and then recalled the lists by means of a written modified method of free recall. Significant age differences in RI and PI were found, with the old Ss showing disproportionately more RI under the 2-sec. A-B, A-C high interference condition. Neither anticipation interval nor transfer paradigm contributed to age differences in PI. Results indicated that adult age differences in RI and PI as measured by the unpaced modified free-recall procedure essentially agree with those in RI and PI studies using relearning and paced recall tests.

scholarly journals Selective review of cognitive aging

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 754-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
TIMOTHY A. SALTHOUSE
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Design Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Selective Review ◽  
Age Related

AbstractResearch concerned with relations between adult age and cognitive functioning is briefly reviewed. The coverage is necessarily selective, and is organized in terms of five major questions. These are what abilities are related to age, how many distinct influences are contributing to the relations between age and cognitive functioning, do the differences between people increase with advancing age, what is responsible for the discrepancies between cross-sectional and longitudinal age comparisons of cognitive functioning, and what methods can be used to identify causes of age-related influences on cognition. Although definitive answers are not yet possible, quite a bit of information relevant to the questions is now available. Moreover, the existing information has implications for the design, analysis, and interpretation of cognitive and neuropsychological research concerned with aging. (JINS, 2010, 16, 754–760.)

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