Emotion regulation and emotion perception in aging: A perspective on age-related differences and similarities

2019 ◽  
pp. 329-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob W. Gurera ◽  
Derek M. Isaacowitz
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Emotion Perception ◽  
Age Related

Neural mechanisms of the cognitive control of emotion

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 144-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa J. Green ◽  
Gin S. Malhi
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
Emotion Perception ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Emotion Generation

Background:Emotion regulation involves the initiation of new emotional responses and continual alteration of current emotions in response to rapidly changing environmental and social stimuli. The capacity to effectively implement emotion regulation strategies is essential for psychological health; impairments in the ability to regulate emotions may be critical to the development of clinical levels of depression, anxiety and mania.Objective:This review provides a summary of findings from current research examining the neural mechanisms of emotion regulation by means of conscious cognitive strategies of reappraisal. These findings are considered in the context of related concepts of emotion perception and emotion generation, with discussion of the likely cognitive neuropsychological contributions to emotion regulation and the implications for psychiatric disorders.Results:Convergent evidence implicates an inhibitory role of prefrontal cortex and cingulate regions upon subcortical and cortical emotion generation systems in the cognitive control of emotional experience. Concurrent modulation of cortical activity by the peripheral nervous system is highlighted by recent studies using simultaneous physiological and neuroimaging techniques. Individual differences in emotion perception, generation of affect and neuropsychological skills are likely to have direct consequences for emotion regulation.Conclusions:Emotion regulation relies on synergy within brain stem, limbic and cortical processes that promote the adaptive perception, generation and regulation of affect. Aberrant emotion processing in any of these stages may disrupt this self-sustaining regulatory system, with the potential to manifest in distinct forms of emotion dysregulation as seen in major psychiatric disorders such as depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Time Perspective and Emotion Regulation as Predictors of Age-Related Subjective Passage of Time

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 16027-16042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Wittmann ◽  
Tina Rudolph ◽  
Damisela Linares Gutierrez ◽  
Isabell Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Age Related

Emotion regulation from early adolescence to emerging adulthood and middle adulthood

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Zimmermann ◽  
Alexandra Iwanski
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Middle Adulthood ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategy ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Age Range

Despite the growing research on emotion regulation, the empirical evidence for normative age-related emotion regulation patterns is rather divergent. From a life-span perspective, normative age changes in emotion regulation may be more salient applying the same methodological approach on a broad age range examining both growth and decline during development. In addition, emotion-specific developmental patterns might show differential developmental trends. The present study examined age differences in seven emotion regulation strategies from early adolescence (age 11) to middle adulthood (age 50) for the three emotions of sadness, fear, and anger. The results showed specific developmental changes in the use of emotion regulation strategies for each of the three emotions. In addition, results suggest age-specific increases and decreases in many emotion regulation strategies, with a general trend to increasing adaptive emotion regulation. Specifically, middle adolescence shows the smallest emotion regulation strategy repertoire. Gender differences appeared for most emotion regulation strategies. The findings suggest that the development of emotion regulation should be studied in an emotion-specific manner, as a perspective solely on general emotion regulation either under- or overestimates existing emotion-specific developmental changes.

scholarly journals Systematic review and meta-analysis of age-related differences in instructed emotion regulation success

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e6051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brooke Brady ◽  
Ian I. Kneebone ◽  
Nida Denson ◽  
Phoebe E. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Emotional Behavior ◽  
Response Modulation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Process Strategy

The process model of emotion regulation (ER) is based on stages in the emotion generative process at which regulation may occur. This meta-analysis examines age-related differences in the subjective, behavioral, and physiological outcomes of instructed ER strategies that may be initiated after an emotional event has occurred; attentional deployment, cognitive change, and response modulation. Within-process strategy, stimulus type, and valence were also tested as potential moderators of the effect of age on ER. A systematic search of the literature identified 156 relevant comparisons from 11 studies. Few age-related differences were found. In our analysis of the subjective outcome of response modulation strategies, young adults used expressive enhancement successfully (g = 0.48), but not expressive suppression (g = 0.04). Response modulation strategies had a small positive effect among older adults, and enhancement vs suppression did not moderate this success (g = 0.31 and g = 0.10, respectively). Young adults effectively used response modulation to regulate subjective emotion in response to pictures (g = 0.41) but not films (g = 0.01). Older adults were able to regulate in response to both pictures (g = 0.26) and films (g = 0.11). Interestingly, both age groups effectively used detached reappraisal, but not positive reappraisal to regulate emotional behavior. We conclude that, in line with well-established theories of socioemotional aging, there is a lack of evidence for age differences in the effects of instructed ER strategies, with some moderators suggesting more consistent effectiveness for older compared to younger adults.

Developmental Issues in the Study of Coping

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Losoya ◽  
Nancy Eisenberg ◽  
Richard A. Fabes
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Developmental Issues ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
General Relations ◽  
Age Related Changes

Developmental issues generally have been ignored in the study of coping. Thus, the goals of this paper were threefold: (1) to summarise theory in which coping is placed in the larger context of emotion regulation; (2) to review brie‘y existing literature related to consistency and change in coping, interrelations among coping strategies at different ages, and the relation of coping to the quality of social functioning at different ages; and (3) to summarise data from a longitudinal study pertaining to the aforementioned issues. Coping was relatively consistent across time (over a six-year period); there were some age-related changes in mean levels of children’s adult-reported coping; and there was considerable consistency in interrelations of coping strategies at different ages. In general, relations of coping to social functioning were similar across age, although some age-related changes in patterns were noted.

Experimentally observed responses to humor are related to individual differences in emotion perception and regulation in everyday life

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilona Papousek ◽  
Günter Schulter ◽  
Helmut K. Lackner ◽  
Andrea Samson ◽  
H. Harald Freudenthaler
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Emotion Perception ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Experimental Paradigm ◽  
Response Latencies ◽  
Adaptive Trait ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cognitive Understanding

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the relevance of an individual's typical emotion perception and emotion regulation behavior to his or her responsiveness to humor. This was studied behaviorally by examining responses to different types of humorous stimuli in an experimental paradigm, in a sample of n = 54 participants aged between 18 to 41 years (29 women, 25 men). Individual differences in emotion perception and regulation were assessed by relevant subscales of an established self-report instrument. Higher scores on emotion perception were related to higher amusement ratings in response to the humorous stimuli. Higher scores on emotion regulation were associated with shorter response latencies for the amusement ratings, particularly when it was important to mentalize with the characters in the cartoons in order to understand the humor. The cognitive understanding of the humor was unaffected. The findings suggest that good emotion perception and emotion regulation skills may contribute to greater humor responsiveness in everyday life, which may be an adaptive trait promoting successful functioning and resilience.

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