scholarly journals Audiovisual associations alter the perception of low-level visual motion

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hulusi Kafaligonul ◽  
Can Oluk
Keyword(s):  
Visual Motion ◽  
Low Level

Low-Level Motion Illusions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Anstis
Keyword(s):  
Visual Motion ◽  
Viewing Distance ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Smooth Movement ◽  
Perceived Speed

Visual motion stimuli can be defined as changes in luminance over space and time. Both kinds of change can alter the perceived speed and direction of motion. This chapter covers crossover motion; reverse phi, in which motion between a positive and a negative appears to go backward; the bicycle spokes illusion; the footsteps effect, in which smooth movement looks jerky if the background is striped; zigzag motion, whose direction appears to change with viewing distance; and the furrow illusion of motion, whose direction appears to change when viewed by the fovea versus the periphery. Other concepts covered include the chopstick illusion and the footsteps illusion.

Low-level integration of auditory and visual motion signals requires spatial co-localisation

2005 ◽  
Vol 166 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 538-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg F. Meyer ◽  
Sophie M. Wuerger ◽  
Florian Röhrbein ◽  
Christoph Zetzsche
Keyword(s):  
Visual Motion ◽  
Low Level

scholarly journals Neural Timing Deficits Prevalent in Developmental Disorders, Aging, and Concussions Remediated Rapidly By Movement Discrimination Exercises

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teri Lawton ◽  
John Shelley-Tremblay ◽  
Ming-Xiong Huang
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Source Imaging ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Level ◽  
Movement Discrimination

(1) Background: Substantial evidence that neural timing deficits are prevalent in developmental disorders, aging, and concussions resulting from a mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) is presented. We show that if timing deficits are remediated using low-level movement discrimination training, then high-level cognitive skills, including reading, attention, processing speed, and working memory improve substantially. (2) Methods: Two case studies are presented using MEG source imaging on an adult dyslexic, and a healthy older adult observed before and after training on movement discrimination two times/week for 8 weeks for adult dyslexic. (3) Results: We found improvements in reading, attention, processing speed, and working memory on neuropsychological tests. Substantial MEG signal increases in visual Motion Networks (V1, V3, MT, MST), Attention Networks (ACC, dlPFC, vlPFC and precuneous/ PCC areas) and Memory Networks (dlPFC). (4) Conclusions: Improving neural timing deficits before cognitive exercises to improve specific cognitive skills provides a rapid and effective method to improve cognitive skills. Improving the timing and sensitivity of low-level dorsal pathways, improving feedforward and feedback pathways, is essential to improve high-level cognitive skills. This adaptive training with substantial feedback shows cognitive transfer to tasks not trained on, significantly improving a person’s quality of life rapidly and effectively.

scholarly journals Manual Gestures Modulate Early Neural Responses in Loudness Perception

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaqiu Sun ◽  
Ziqing Wang ◽  
Xing Tian
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Mcgurk Effect ◽  
Just Noticeable Difference ◽  
Behavioral Experiments ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Auditory Responses ◽  
Intensity Changes ◽  
Motor Information ◽  
Visual Motor

How different sensory modalities interact to shape perception is a fundamental question in cognitive neuroscience. Previous studies in audiovisual interaction have focused on abstract levels such as categorical representation (e.g., McGurk effect). It is unclear whether the cross-modal modulation can extend to low-level perceptual attributes. This study used motional manual gestures to test whether and how the loudness perception can be modulated by visual-motion information. Specifically, we implemented a novel paradigm in which participants compared the loudness of two consecutive sounds whose intensity changes around the just noticeable difference (JND), with manual gestures concurrently presented with the second sound. In two behavioral experiments and two EEG experiments, we investigated our hypothesis that the visual-motor information in gestures would modulate loudness perception. Behavioral results showed that the gestural information biased the judgment of loudness. More importantly, the EEG results demonstrated that early auditory responses around 100 ms after sound onset (N100) were modulated by the gestures. These consistent results in four behavioral and EEG experiments suggest that visual-motor processing can integrate with auditory processing at an early perceptual stage to shape the perception of a low-level perceptual attribute such as loudness, at least under challenging listening conditions.

scholarly journals Motion Direction Discrimination with Tactile Random-Dot Kinematograms

i-Perception ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 204166952110046
Author(s):  
Scinob Kuroki ◽  
Shin’ya Nishida
Keyword(s):  
Motion Detection ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Discrimination Performance ◽  
Sensory Function ◽  
Human Observer ◽  
Motion Sensing ◽  
Motion Direction ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Direction Discrimination ◽  
High Level

Motion detection is a fundamental sensory function for multiple modalities, including touch, but the mechanisms underlying tactile motion detection are not well understood. While previous findings supported the existence of high-level feature tracking, it remains unclear whether there also exist low-level motion sensing that directly detects a local spatio-temporal correlation in the skin-stimulation pattern. To elucidate this mechanism, we presented, on braille displays, tactile random-dot kinematograms, similar to those widely used in visual motion research, which enables us to independently manipulate feature trackability and various parameters of local motion. We found that a human observer is able to detect the direction of difficult-to-track tactile motions presented to the fingers and palms. In addition, the direction-discrimination performance was better when the stimuli were presented along the fingers than when presented across the fingers. These results indicate that low-level motion sensing, in addition to high-level tracking, contribute to tactile motion perception.

scholarly journals Static sound timing alters sensitivity to low-level visual motion

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kafaligonul ◽  
G. R. Stoner
Keyword(s):  
Visual Motion ◽  
Low Level

Tryptophan-Niacin Metabolism in Rat with Puromycin Aminonucleoside-Induced Nephrosis

2006 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukari Egashira ◽  
Shin Nagaki ◽  
Hiroo Sanada
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Puromycin Aminonucleoside ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Key Enzyme

We investigated the change of tryptophan-niacin metabolism in rats with puromycin aminonucleoside PAN-induced nephrosis, the mechanisms responsible for their change of urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites, and the role of the kidney in tryptophan-niacin conversion. PAN-treated rats were intraperitoneally injected once with a 1.0% (w/v) solution of PAN at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight. The collection of 24-hour urine was conducted 8 days after PAN injection. Daily urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites, liver and blood NAD, and key enzyme activities of tryptophan-niacin metabolism were determined. In PAN-treated rats, the sum of urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites was significantly lower compared with controls. The kidneyα-amino-β-carboxymuconate-ε-semialdehyde decarboxylase (ACMSD) activity in the PAN-treated group was significantly decreased by 50%, compared with the control group. Although kidney ACMSD activity was reduced, the conversion of tryptophan to niacin tended to be lower in the PAN-treated rats. A decrease in urinary excretion of niacin and the conversion of tryptophan to niacin in nephrotic rats may contribute to a low level of blood tryptophan. The role of kidney ACMSD activity may be minimal concerning tryptophan-niacin conversion under this experimental condition.

Low-level lead exposure: Are there harmful effects?

1983 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-79
Author(s):  
Claire B. Ernhart
Keyword(s):  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Harmful Effects
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