Geographical Discrimination of Croatian Wines by Stable Isotope Ratios and Multielemental Composition Analysis

The δ18O and δ13C (analyzed by isotope ratio mass spectrometry, IRMS) and concentration of 22 selected elements (analyzed by inductively coupled plasma—optical emission spectrometry, ICP-OES) in 190 Croatian microvinified and commercial wine samples from continental and coastal winegrowing areas and from three viticultural zones (B, CI, and CII) were measured to investigate whether multivariate statistical methods could provide the fingerprint for geographical origin determination. The highest power for discrimination of wines produced in Croatian winegrowing areas was achieved by general discriminant analysis (GDA) showing correct classification of 97.9% of all investigated samples, 100.0% of microvinified samples and 84.8% of commercial samples in the cross-validation matrix. The most significant markers for discrimination of coastal and continental areas found by GDA were δ18O and Co, followed by K, Rb, Sn, Li, and δ13C in descending order. GDA showed higher levels of correctly classified samples from three viticultural zones in Croatia if only microvinified samples were employed in the analysis (94.9%) than for all samples together (86.3%) or for commercial samples (66.1%) in the cross-validation matrix. The discrimination of viticultural zones B, CI, and CII in Croatia was achieved by δ18O, Co, Rb, Li, K, and Sn. The results obtained showed that the relationships between the isotopic ratios and concentrations of different considered elements combined with appropriate statistical model represent a powerful tool in discrimination of wines produced in different Croatian winegrowing areas.

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Advances of Spectrometric Techniques in Food Analysis and Food Authentication Implemented with Chemometrics

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods9111550 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 1550

Author(s):

Ioannis K. Karabagias

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Natural Products ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Optical Emission ◽

Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry ◽

Food Composition ◽

Complete Characterization ◽

Emission Spectrometry ◽

Food Authentication ◽

Inductively Coupled

Given the continuous consumer demand for products of high quality and specific origin, there is a great tendency for the application of multiple instrumental techniques for the complete characterization of foodstuffs or related natural products. Spectrometric techniques usually offer a full and rapid screenshot of products’ composition and properties by the determination of specific bio-molecules such as sugars, minerals, polyphenols, volatile compounds, amino acids, organic acids, etc. The present special issue aimed firstly to enhance the advances of the application of spectrometric techniques such as gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Raman spectroscopy, or any other spectrometric technique, in the analysis of foodstuffs such as meat, milk, cheese, potatoes, vegetables, fruits/fruit juices, honey, olive oil, chocolate, and other natural products. An additional goal was to fill the gap between food composition/food properties/natural products properties and food/natural products authenticity, using supervised and non-supervised chemometrics. Of the 18 submitted articles, nine were eventually published, providing new information to the field.

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Verifying the feasibility of using Hand-Held X-ray fluorescence spectrometer to analyze Linqing brick: evaluation of the influencing factors and assessing reliability

Heritage Science ◽

10.1186/s40494-020-00437-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zexuan Chen ◽

Long Zhang ◽

Feng Hou ◽

Jialiang Xie

Keyword(s):

Influencing Factors ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Cross Validation ◽

Optical Emission ◽

Emission Spectrometry ◽

Chinese History ◽

X Ray ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Fluorescence Spectrometer

Abstract Linqing brick is quite popular in Chinese history. Currently, identifying the origin of Linqing brick is an important issue to be studied in the field of archeology and architectural history in China. Hand-Held X-ray fluorescence (HH-XRF) spectrometry enables the in situ determination of the main elements in Linqing brick in a rapid non-destructive manner. HH-XRF is important in identifying the origin of Linqing brick. However, HH-XRF could be influenced by certain factors and may be capable of measuring only the element contents of the surface for the bricks in situ. The present study aimed to verify the reliability of HH-XRF and to systematically evaluate the different factors influencing measurement precision and accuracy so that scientific advice could be provided regarding the usage of HH-XRF for this application. Four experiments were performed to determine the influencing factors and assess the reliability through cross-validation using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Finally, the influence of the different studied factors was studied, and the reliability of HH-XRF was ensured. The facts to consider about the measurement time, cross validation, criteria to select points, treat surface and getting final data and how to avoid the effect of rain, while using this method, are provided.

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Verifying the feasibility of using Hand-Held X-ray fluorescence spectrometer to analyze Linqing brick: evaluation of the influencing factors and assessing reliability

10.21203/rs.3.rs-30789/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zexuan Chen ◽

Long Zhang ◽

Feng Hou ◽

Jialiang Xie

Keyword(s):

Influencing Factors ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Cross Validation ◽

Optical Emission ◽

Emission Spectrometry ◽

Chinese History ◽

X Ray ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Fluorescence Spectrometer

Abstract Linqing brick is quite popular in Chinese history. Currently, identifying the origin of Linqing brick is an important issue to be studied in the field of archeology and architectural history in China. Hand-Held X-ray fluorescence (HH-XRF) spectrometry enables the in-situ determination of the main elements in Linqing brick in a rapid non-destructive manner. HH-XRF is important in identifying the origin of Linqing brick. However, HH-XRF could be influenced by certain factors and may be capable of measuring only the element contents of the surface for the bricks in situ. The present study aimed to verify the reliability of HH-XRF and to systematically evaluate the different factors influencing measurement precision and accuracy so that scientific advice could be provided regarding the usage of HH-XRF for this application. Four experiments were performed to determine the influencing factors and assess the reliability through cross-validation using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Finally, the influence of the different studied factors was studied, and the reliability of HH-XRF was ensured. The facts to consider about the measurement time, cross validation, criteria to select points, treat surface and getting final data and how to avoid the effect of rain, while using this method, are provided.

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Verifying the feasibility of using Hand-Held X-ray fluorescence spectrometer to analyze Linqing brick: evaluation of the influencing factors, assessing reliability, and providing scientific advice

10.21203/rs.3.rs-30789/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zexuan Chen ◽

Long Zhang ◽

Feng Hou ◽

Jialiang Xie

Keyword(s):

Influencing Factors ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Cross Validation ◽

Optical Emission ◽

Emission Spectrometry ◽

Chinese History ◽

Scientific Advice ◽

X Ray ◽

Inductively Coupled

Abstract Linqing brick is quite popular in Chinese history. Currently, identifying the origin of Linqing brick is an important issue to be studied in the field of archeology and architectural history in China. Hand-Held X-ray fluorescence (HH-XRF) spectrometry enables the in-situ determination of the main elements in Linqing brick in a rapid non-destructive manner. HH-XRF is important in identifying the origin of Linqing brick. However, HH-XRF could be influenced by certain factors and may be capable of measuring only the element contents of the surface for the bricks in situ. The present study aimed to verify the reliability of HH-XRF and to systematically evaluate the different factors influencing measurement precision and accuracy so that scientific advice could be provided regarding the usage of HH-XRF for this application. Four experiments were performed to determine the influencing factors and assess the reliability through cross-validation using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Finally, the influence of the different studied factors was studied, and the reliability of HH-XRF was ensured. The facts to consider about the measurement time, cross validation, criteria to select points, treat surface and getting final data and how to avoid the effect of rain, while using this method, are provided.

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