scholarly journals Plasma Branched-Chain Amino Acids Are Associated With Greater Fasting and Postprandial Insulin Secretion in Non-diabetic Chinese Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cherlyn Ding ◽  
Leonie Egli ◽  
Nabil Bosco ◽  
Lijuan Sun ◽  
Hui Jen Goh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Insulin Clearance ◽  
Clearance Rates ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Chinese Subjects ◽  
Postprandial Insulin

Background: Plasma branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are consistently elevated in subjects with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and correlate with insulin resistance. The association of BCAA with insulin secretion and clearance rates has not been adequately described.Objective: To evaluate the relationships between fasting and postprandial plasma BCAA, insulin secretion and insulin clearance.Design: Ninety-five non-diabetic Chinese subjects (43 females) underwent a mixed-meal tolerance test; blood biomarkers including BCAAs (leucine, isoleucine, valine) were measured for 6 h. Fasting and postprandial insulin secretion rates (ISR) and insulin clearance were determined by oral minimal modeling of glucose and C-peptide.Results: Fasting and postprandial plasma BCAA correlated strongly with each other (ρ = 0.796, P < 0.001), and both were positively associated with basal ISR (ρ = 0.45/0.36, P < 0.001), total postprandial ISR AUC (ρ = 0.37/0.45, P < 0.001), and negatively with insulin clearance (ρ = −0.29/−0.29, P < 0.01), after adjusting for sex and body mass index. These relationships largely persisted after adjusting further for insulin resistance and postprandial glucose. Compared with subjects in the middle and lowest tertiles for fasting or postprandial plasma BCAA, subjects in the highest tertile had significantly greater postprandial glucose (by 7–10%) and insulin (by 74–98%) concentrations, basal ISRs (by 34–53%), postprandial ISR AUCs (by 41–49%), and lower insulin clearance rates (by 17–22%) (all P < 0.05).Conclusions: Fasting and postprandial plasma BCAA levels are associated with greater fasting and postprandial insulin secretion and reduced insulin clearance in healthy Chinese subjects. These observations potentially highlight an additional layer of involvement of BCAA in the regulation of glucose homeostasis.

Food consumption of branched chain amino acids and insulin resistance: A systematic review of observational studies in humans

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 277-281
Author(s):  
Eduardo Emanuel Sátiro Vieira ◽  
Irislene Costa Pereira ◽  
Amanda Ferraz Braz ◽  
Marcus Vinicius Nascimento-Ferreira ◽  
Lucillia Rabelo de Oliveira Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Branched Chain

Insulin resistance and the metabolism of branched-chain amino acids

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyi Lu ◽  
Guoxiang Xie ◽  
Weiping Jia ◽  
Wei Jia
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Branched Chain

Amino acid metabolism in the Zucker diabetic fatty rat: effects of insulin resistance and of type 2 diabetes

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (7) ◽  
pp. 506-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enoka P Wijekoon ◽  
Craig Skinner ◽  
Margaret E Brosnan ◽  
John T Brosnan
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Branched Chain

We investigated amino acid metabolism in the Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF Gmi fa/fa) rat during the prediabetic insulin-resistant stage and the frank type 2 diabetic stage. Amino acids were measured in plasma, liver, and skeletal muscle, and the ratios of plasma/liver and plasma/skeletal muscle were calculated. At the insulin-resistant stage, the plasma concentrations of the gluconeogenic amino acids aspartate, serine, glutamine, glycine, and histidine were decreased in the ZDF Gmi fa/fa rats, whereas taurine, α-aminoadipic acid, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, and the 3 branched-chain amino acids were significantly increased. At the diabetic stage, a larger number of gluconeogenic amino acids had decreased plasma concentrations. The 3 branched-chain amino acids had elevated plasma concentrations. In the liver and the skeletal muscles, concentrations of many of the gluconeogenic amino acids were lower at both stages, whereas the levels of 1 or all of the branched-chain amino acids were elevated. These changes in amino acid concentrations are similar to changes seen in type 1 diabetes. It is evident that insulin resistance alone is capable of bringing about many of the changes in amino acid metabolism observed in type 2 diabetes.Key words: plasma amino acids, liver amino acids, muscle amino acids, gluconeogenesis.

scholarly journals Branched-chain amino acids suppress the cumulative recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma under conditions of insulin-resistance

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 545-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
HITOSHI YOSHIJI ◽  
RYUICHI NOGUCHI ◽  
TADASHI NAMISAKI ◽  
KEI MORIYA ◽  
MITSUTERU KITADE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Branched Chain

scholarly journals Chronic Dietary Branched-Chain Amino Acids Induced Lipid Oxidation and Blunted Insulin-Stimulated Glucose Production in Mice With NAFLD

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 529-529
Author(s):  
Chaitra Surugihalli ◽  
Vaishna Muralidaran ◽  
Kruti Patel ◽  
Tabitha Gregory ◽  
Nishanth Sunny
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Hepatic Insulin Resistance ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Branched Chain

Abstract Objectives Elevated circulating branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) during insulin resistance are strong predictors of type 2 diabetes mellitus onset. Defects in BCAA degradation are evident in several tissues during insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Furthermore, alterations in BCAA metabolism are associated with changes in several aspects lipid metabolism, including lipogenesis, ketogenesis and mitochondrial TCA cycle activity. Considering the crosstalk between BCAAs and lipid metabolism, we hypothesized that chronic supplementation of BCAAs will modulate hepatic insulin resistance and mitochondrial lipid oxidation during NAFLD. Methods Mice (C57BL/6N) were reared on either a low-fat (LF; 10% fat kcal), high-fat (HF; 60% fat kcal or high-fat diet supplemented with BCAA (HFBA; 150% BCAA) for 24 weeks. Metabolic profiling was conducted under fed or overnight fasted (14–16 hrs) conditions. A subset of overnight fasted mice from the HF and HFBA groups were subjected to hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamps, following implantation of jugular vein catheters. Results Feeding HF and HFBA diets resulted in NAFLD. Circulating BCAAs were higher in ‘fed’ mice consuming HFBA diet (e.g., Valine, µM ± SEM; 311 ± 38 in HF, 432 ± 34 in HFBA, P ≤ 0.05). Overnight fasting significantly reduced BCAA levels in all groups, but the fasting levels of BCAAs remained similar between groups. Fed-to-fasted fold changes in blood glucose, serum insulin and c-peptide were higher in HFBA mice (P ≤ 0.05). Insulin stimulated suppression of glucose production (% ± SEM; HF = 38 ± 11, HFBA = 16 ± 16) was blunted in HFBA mice.  Furthermore, fed-to-fasted expression of hepatic genes involved in lipid oxidation, including LCAD, MCAD, PPARa and CPT1a were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) in the HFBA mice. Conclusions In summary, chronic BCAA supplementation induced hepatic lipid oxidation gene expression, without any apparent improvements in insulin sensitivity. In conclusion, while the induction of lipid oxidation by BCAAs could explain certain beneficial effects associated with their supplementation, the longer-term impact of the BCAAs on insulin sensitivity need to be further explored. Funding Sources National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant RO1-DK-112865

1934-P: Branched-Chain Amino Acids Are Poor Markers of Insulin Resistance in Women: The Federal Women’s Study

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1934-P
Author(s):  
SAMANTHA MATTA ◽  
CELESTE K. CRAVALHO ◽  
ALFREDO VILLALOBOS-PEREZ ◽  
ABBY MEYERS ◽  
LILIAN MABUNDO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Branched Chain
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