scholarly journals Clinical and Radiological Features of Urachal Carcinoma and Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shichao Li ◽  
Xiaoyan Meng ◽  
Ping Liang ◽  
Cui Feng ◽  
Yaqi Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Signal Intensity ◽  
Bladder Wall ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Urachal Carcinoma ◽  
Adc Value ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Peripheral Lymph ◽  
Apparent Diffusion

PurposeTo explore the clinical and radiological differences between urachal carcinoma and urachal infection.MethodsClinical and imaging information for 13 cases of urachal carcinoma and 14 cases of urachal infection confirmed by pathology were retrospectively analyzed. The size, location, shape, margin, lesion composition, calcification, T1 and T2 signal intensity, peripheral lymph nodes, degree of enhancement, adjacent bladder wall, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value were examined in both groups, and distinguish features were determined. The student t-test or Mann-Whitney U test was used for quantitative data, and Fisher’s exact test was used for qualitative data. Kappa coefficient consistency test was used to evaluate the interobserver agreement.ResultsSex, hematuria, abdominal pain, calcification, and thickening of adjacent bladder wall can distinguish between urachal carcinoma and urachal infection (p < 0.05). There were no statistical differences in age (p = 0.076), size (p = 0.797), location (p = 0.440), shape (p = 0.449), margin (p = 0.449), lesion composition (p = 0.459), T1 signal intensity (p = 0.196), T2 signal intensity (p = 0.555), peripheral lymph nodes (p = 0.236), degree of enhancements (p = 0.184) and ADC value (p = 0.780) between two groups.ConclusionThe following clinical and imaging features help distinguish urachal carcinoma from urachal infection: sex, hematuria, abdominal pain, calcification, and thickening of the adjacent bladder wall.

scholarly journals Apparent diffusion coefficient cannot discriminate metastatic and non-metastatic lymph nodes in rectal cancer: a meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Surov ◽  
Hans-Jonas Meyer ◽  
Maciej Pech ◽  
Maciej Powerski ◽  
Jasan Omari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Adc Value ◽  
Metastatic Lymph Nodes ◽  
Metastatic Lymph ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Adc Values

Abstract Background Our aim was to provide data regarding use of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for distinguishing metastatic and non-metastatic lymph nodes (LN) in rectal cancer. Methods MEDLINE library, EMBASE, and SCOPUS database were screened for associations between DWI and metastatic and non-metastatic LN in rectal cancer up to February 2021. Overall, 9 studies were included into the analysis. Number, mean value, and standard deviation of DWI parameters including apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of metastatic and non-metastatic LN were extracted from the literature. The methodological quality of the studies was investigated according to the QUADAS-2 assessment. The meta-analysis was undertaken by using RevMan 5.3 software. DerSimonian, and Laird random-effects models with inverse-variance weights were used to account the heterogeneity between the studies. Mean DWI values including 95% confidence intervals were calculated for metastatic and non-metastatic LN. Results ADC values were reported for 1376 LN, 623 (45.3%) metastatic LN, and 754 (54.7%) non-metastatic LN. The calculated mean ADC value (× 10−3 mm2/s) of metastatic LN was 1.05, 95%CI (0.94, 1.15). The calculated mean ADC value of the non-metastatic LN was 1.17, 95%CI (1.01, 1.33). The calculated sensitivity and specificity were 0.81, 95%CI (0.74, 0.89) and 0.67, 95%CI (0.54, 0.79). Conclusion No reliable ADC threshold can be recommended for distinguishing of metastatic and non-metastatic LN in rectal cancer.

scholarly journals T2 and DWI in Pilocytic and Pilomyxoid Astrocytoma with Pathologic Correlation

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Horger ◽  
M. N. Vogel ◽  
R. Beschorner ◽  
U. Ernemann ◽  
J. Wörner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Signal Intensity ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Pilomyxoid Astrocytoma ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Images ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Adc Values ◽  
Myxoid Matrix

Objective:To quantify and compare T2 signal and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in pilocytic and pilomyxoid astrocytoma (PA and PMA) and correlate results with myxoid content.Methods:Echo-planar diffusion weighted images (DWI) and standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings were reviewed retrospectively in patients with PA (n=34) and PMA (n=8). Regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn on ADC maps within tumor parts with lowest ADC values. Apparent diffusion coefficient values in tumor were normalized to those in cerebrospinal fluid (ADC/CSF). The ratio of T2 signal intensity in solid tumor parts to CSF (T2/CSF) was registered. Myxoid matrix was histologically quantified retrospectively in 8 PMAs and 17 PAs and correlated with imaging findings.Results:Mean ADC/CSF for PA and PMA was 0.53±0.10 and 0.69±0.10 (p<0.01). Mean T2/CSF for PA and PMA was 0.78±0.19 and 0.93±0.09 (p<0.01). Mean proportion of myxoid tumor matrix in PA was 50% (range, 10-100%) and 93% (range, 90-100%) in PMA (p=0.004). Eight patients (32%; all PA) had less than 50% myxoid content and 17 (68%; 8 PA; 9 PMA) had more. There was positive correlation of ADC/CSF, T2/CSF and ADC (r2=0.61, 0.65 and 0.60 respectively) and significant difference between the groups with more and less than 50% myxoid content (p=0.01 for ADC/CSF and T2/CSF and p=0.02 for ADC).Conclusions:General imaging features of PA and PMA are non-specific, ADC values and T2 signal intensity are generally higher in the latter, reflecting the proportion of myxoid matrix in these tumors.

scholarly journals Biopsy of sonologically detected peripheral lymph nodes: diagnostic value in HIV positive patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 909
Author(s):  
Mayur Gharat ◽  
Bharat Dikshit ◽  
Sanjay Pujari ◽  
Deepak Phalgune
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Diagnostic Yield ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Lymph Node Biopsy ◽  
Excision Biopsy ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Peripheral Lymph ◽  
Common Diagnosis

Background: One of the most common manifestations in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is generalized lymphadenopathy. Biopsy of these nodes can help in diagnosing associated conditions. Biopsy of clinically non-palpable lymph nodes can help physician to obtain an early diagnosis of associated diseases in people living with HIV (PLHIV). Present research was undertaken to study diagnostic yield of sonologically detected peripheral lymph node biopsy in symptomatic PLHIV.Methods: One hundred ten PLHIV above age of 18 years referred to surgery department for excision biopsy of sonologically detected peripheral lymph nodes were included. Specimen was sent in normal saline to laboratory for testing and part of the specimen was fixed in formalin for further evaluation. Gram stain, Zeil Nelson stain, histopathological examination and genotype MTBDR plus test were conducted. Comparison of quantitative variables and qualitative variables was done by using Kruskal wallis test and Chi-square test / Fisher’s exact test respectively.Results: Most common diagnosis obtained was tuberculous lymphadenopathy followed by reactive hyperplasia. Significantly higher percentage of patients having weight loss was diagnosed with tuberculous lymphadenopathy. Percentage of tuberculous lymphadenopathy patients was higher in patients who were not on anti-retroviral therapy (ART) as compared to those who were on ART. Median duration of HIV in tuberculosis lymphadenopathy patients was less as compared to patients with malignancy. Sensitivity, and specificity was 91.7%, and 61.5% respectively for diagnostic yield of USG in non-palpable lymph nodes.Conclusions: USG is a sensitive tool for early detection of clinically non-palpable pathological lymph nodes in symptomatic PLHIV.

scholarly journals The usefulness of diffusion-weighted MRI in the differentiation between focal uterine endometrial soft tissue lesions

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarek Mohamed M. Mansour ◽  
Yasser Abd Al-aal Ahmed ◽  
Ghada Abd El-Razik Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Features ◽  
Focal Lesions ◽  
Adc Value ◽  
Pelvic Mri ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Malignant Group ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Malignant Lesions ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Histopathological Results

Abstract Background Several endometrial conditions may be challenging for radiologists due to the overlap of imaging features and variable endometrial pathologies. MRI with DWI is the most commonly used imaging technique for the diagnosis and characterization of endometrial focal lesions. Results The 50 studied lesions were classified according to their histopathological results into the benign group (28 lesions, 56%) and the malignant group (22 lesions, 44%). Conventional MRI could correctly diagnose 39 of the 50 lesions (22/28 benign and 17/22 malignant lesions), achieving a sensitivity of 77.27%, specificity of 78.56%, accuracy of 78%, predictive positive value (PPV) of 73.91%, and negative positive value (NPV) of 81.48%. By combining DWI and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value mapping at a high b value (b = 1000) in MRI, we could correctly diagnose 47 of the 50 lesions (26/28 benign and 21/22 malignant lesions), with increased sensitivity (95.45%), specificity (92.86%), accuracy (94%), PPV (91.3%), and NPV (96%). Conclusion Combining DWI with ADC mapping at a high b value in pelvic MRI examination is valuable in differentiating endometrial focal lesions with increased diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. Aim of the work This study aimed to evaluate the role of DWI in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of benign and malignant focal endometrial masses.

scholarly journals Comparison of magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging characteristics between cystic lesions and normal pancreatic parenchyma

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-153
Author(s):  
Fuad Julardžija ◽  
Adnan Šehić ◽  
Melika Bukvić ◽  
Fahrudin Smajlović
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Signal Intensity ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Imaging ◽  
Pancreatic Head ◽  
Cystic Lesions ◽  
Adc Value ◽  
Pancreatic Parenchyma ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Apparent Diffusion

Introduction: Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) is a form of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based on measuring the random Brownian motion of water molecules within a tissue. The aim of this study was to show the significance of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in differentiating pancreatic cystic formations from normal pancreatic parenchyma using MRI 1.5 T.Methods: A total of 52 patients were included in the study (25 with pancreatic cystic formations and 27 with normal MRI findings of the pancreas). DWI technique was used with b values of 0.500 and 1 000 mm2/s at 1.5 T. The signal intensity was measured, as well as apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). Visual estimation of the signal intensity of detected cystic lesions was performed and compared to the normal appearance of pancreas.Results: The highest signal intensity of the cystic lesions with hyper-signal was observed with DWI b0 value in the pancreatic head (M 185.1 ± 47.205, p < 0.05). Similarly, the highest apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value of the cystic formations with hyper-signal was observed in the pancreatic head (2.09 x 10-3 mm2/s, p < 0.05). In the group with healthy pancreas, the highest signal intensity was observed with DWI b0 value (M 76.40 ± 18.28, p < 0.05). The observed ADC value in this group was 1.21 x 10-3 mm2/s in the head, 1.24 x 10-3mm2/s in the neck, 1.21 x 10-3mm2/s in the body, and 1.06 x 10-3mm2/s in the tail; p > 0.05.Conclusions: Differences in signal intensity and ADC values have an important diagnostic value in differentiating the cystic formations from normal pancreatic parenchyma in MRI examination.

Salmonella Persistence within the Peripheral Lymph Nodes of Cattle following Experimental Inoculation

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 1032-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. EDRINGTON ◽  
G. H. LONERAGAN ◽  
K. J. GENOVESE ◽  
D. L. HANSON ◽  
D. J. NISBET
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
Challenge Strain ◽  
Peripheral Lymph ◽  
Experimental Inoculation ◽  
Duration Of Infection

ABSTRACT Utilizing a transdermal method of inoculation developed in our laboratory, the duration of infection of Salmonella in the peripheral lymph nodes of steers was examined. Thirty-six Holstein steers (mean body weight of 137 kg) were inoculated with Salmonella Montevideo (day 0) on each lower leg and both sides of the back and abdomen. Calves were euthanized beginning at 6 h and subsequently on each of days 1, 2, 4, 7, 9, 11, 14, and 21 postinoculation (four animals each time). The subiliac, popliteal, and superficial cervical (prescapular) lymph nodes were collected and cultured (quantitatively and qualitatively) for the challenge strain of Salmonella. The challenge strain was detected via direct culture within the lymph nodes at 6 h postinoculation and on each subsequent necropsy date. Salmonella levels in lymph node were 0.8 to 1.8 log CFU/g. Lymph nodes were generally positive after enrichment culture throughout the experiment. Salmonella elimination appeared to begin approximately 14 days postinoculation. However, elimination was not completed by day 21; therefore, a second experiment was conducted identical to the first except that the time from inoculation to necropsy was extended. Salmonella was recovered via direct culture on each of the necropsy days, and results in general were similar to those of experiment I, except that on days 20, 24, and 28 isolates from serogroups C2 and E1 were identified in addition to the inoculation strain C1 in multiple animals. The data from both experiments indicate that after a single inoculation event, Salmonella would be completely cleared by approximately 28 days. Further research with expanded times between inoculation and necropsy is required for verification.

DISTRIBUTION OF DOXORUBICIN IN THE BLADDER WALL AND REGIONAL LYMPH NODES AFTER BLADDER SUBMUCOSAL INJECTION OF LIPOSOMAL DOXORUBICIN IN THE DOG

1999 ◽  
Vol 161 (2) ◽  
pp. 665-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
HIDEO KIYOKAWA ◽  
YASUHIKO IGAWA ◽  
OSAMU MURAISHI ◽  
YOSHIHIKO KATSUYAMA ◽  
KEIJI IIZUKA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Liposomal Doxorubicin ◽  
Bladder Wall ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
Submucosal Injection
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