scholarly journals Cronobacter Species Contamination of Powdered Infant Formula and the Implications for Neonatal Health

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gautam Kalyantanda ◽  
Lyudmila Shumyak ◽  
Lennox Kenneth Archibald
Keyword(s):  
Infant Formula ◽  
Neonatal Health ◽  
Powdered Infant Formula ◽  
Cronobacter Species

Cronobacter spp. in Powdered Infant Formula

2012 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 607-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
SARAH NORBERG ◽  
CATHERINE STANTON ◽  
R. PAUL ROSS ◽  
COLIN HILL ◽  
GERALD F. FITZGERALD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
World Health ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Powdered Infant Formula ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Cronobacter Species ◽  
Brain Abscesses ◽  
Health Organization

Cronobacter species are opportunistic pathogens, and a mortality rate of 40 to 80% is associated with infections. This pathogen can cause a range of serious diseases such as meningitis, septicemia, necrotizing enterocolitis, and brain abscesses and has been responsible for a variety of sequelae such as quadriplegia. Although Cronobacter can cause disease in both adults and infants, infant infections associated with powdered formula are the focus of this review. Since the first reported Cronobacter infection outbreak in 1958, powdered infant formula has been identified as a major source of these outbreaks, resulting in many recalls of powdered infant formula worldwide. This contamination has created an immense problem for the powdered infant formula industry. In this review, we discuss the taxonomy of Cronobacter species, the natural habitat of Cronobacter and its presence in foods, the physiology, pathogenicity, and virulence of Cronobacter species, and available detection methods. We also discuss reported cases of Cronobacter infection linked to powdered infant formula consumption and then focus specifically on the official World Health Organization guidelines for preparation of powdered infant formula.

scholarly journals Electricity-free amplification and visual detection of Cronobacter species in powdered infant formula

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (8) ◽  
pp. 6882-6893
Author(s):  
Shiqian Fu ◽  
Yujun Jiang ◽  
Xue Qin ◽  
Tao Yang ◽  
Sihan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infant Formula ◽  
Visual Detection ◽  
Powdered Infant Formula ◽  
Cronobacter Species

scholarly journals Detection of Cronobacter species in powdered infant formula by probe-magnetic separation PCR

2014 ◽  
Vol 97 (10) ◽  
pp. 6067-6075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Xu ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
Xing Ming ◽  
Dong Yang ◽  
Hengyi Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Separation ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Powdered Infant Formula ◽  
Cronobacter Species

Investigation of microbial contamination of Powdered Infant Formula during different storage periods after opening

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Khalid Al-atrash
Keyword(s):  
Infant Formula ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Powdered Infant Formula ◽  
Total Viable Count ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Significant Difference

The present study was carried out to knowing effect different storage periods of the microbial quality for the Powdered Infant Formula (PIF) after opening the tin, and ensuring from the safety note (after opening, use within 3 weeks). Thirty (30) samples of (PIF) from category (1 – 6 months) in five different types are collected from pharmacies and local markets in Baquba city / Iraq, which are used as substitutes for breast milk during the first day of opening the tin powders such as Total viable count, Total coliform count, Salmonella count and Yeast and Molds count. These experiments repeated at each week of same samples within (5) weeks. Results were obtained at opening the tin, Total viable count (less than 0.05 1.0 x 103 ±1.5x10 CFU/g) were significantly higher than Total Coliform count (less than 0.05 ± 0.3 x 10 CFU/g) and Total Salmonella count (less than 0.05 0 x 10 CFU/g) and Yeasts and Molds (less than 0.05 ± 0.3 x 10 CFU/g). while results obtained at fifth week were (less than 0.05 8.8 x 103 ±5.5x102 CFU/g), (less than 0.05 0.9 x 102 ± 0.4x101 CFU/g), (less than 0.05 0 x 10 CFU/g), (less than 0.05 9.5 x 10 ± 1.2x101 CFU /g) respectively. All samples of (PIF) having non-significant difference. These results compared to Iraqi Quality Standards (IQS), all the results from the opening samples to fifth week were within the range of IQS and USA Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and as indicates the hygienic condition of (PIF) without risk level for human health. also observed increase in microbial contamination in each week because increase the moisture content for powdered milk. Can be used more than 3 weeks after opening if stored in good conditions with good hygienic practices during milk preparation.

Enterobacter sakazakii in Dried Infant Formulas and Milk Kitchens of Maternity Wards in São Paulo, Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
GABRIELA PALCICH ◽  
CINTIA de MORAES GILLIO ◽  
LINA CASALE ARAGON-ALEGRO ◽  
FRANCO J. PAGOTTO ◽  
JEFFREY M. FARBER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Powdered Infant Formula ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Enterobacter Sakazakii

This study was the first conducted in Brazil to evaluate the presence of Enterobacter sakazakii in milk-based powdered infant formula manufactured for infants 0 to 6 months of age and to examine the conditions of formula preparation and service in three hospitals in São Paulo State, Brazil. Samples of dried and rehydrated infant formula, environments of milk kitchens, water, bottles and nipples, utensils, and hands of personnel were analyzed, and E. sakazakii and Enterobacteriaceae populations were determined. All samples of powdered infant formula purchased at retail contained E. sakazakii at <0.03 most probable number (MPN)/100 g. In hospital samples, E. sakazakii was found in one unopened formula can (0.3 MPN/100 g) and in the residue from one nursing bottle from hospital A. All other cans of formula from the same lot bought at a retail store contained E. sakazakii at <0.03 MPN/100 g. The pathogen also was found in one cleaning sponge from hospital B. Enterobacteriaceae populations ranged from 101 to 105 CFU/g in cleaning aids and <5 CFU/g in all formula types (dry or rehydrated), except for the sample that contained E. sakazakii, which also was contaminated with Enterobacteriaceae at 5 CFU/g. E. sakazakii isolates were not genetically related. In an experiment in which rehydrated formula was used as the growth medium, the temperature was that of the neonatal intensive care unit (25°C), and the incubation time was the average time that formula is left at room temperature while feeding the babies (up to 4 h), a 2-log increase in levels of E. sakazakii was found in the formula. Visual inspection of the facilities revealed that the hygienic conditions in the milk kitchens needed improvement. The length of time that formula is left at room temperature in the different hospitals while the babies in the neonatal intensive care unit are being fed (up to 4 h) may allow for the multiplication of E. sakazakii and thus may lead to an increased health risk for infants.

scholarly journals Fluoride content of powdered infant formula meets Australian Food Safety Standards

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 573-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Clifford ◽  
Henry Olszowy ◽  
Megan Young ◽  
John Hegarty ◽  
Matthew Cross
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Fluoride Content ◽  
Powdered Infant Formula ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Food Safety Standards
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