Fiberized Diamond-Based Vector Magnetometers

We present two fiberized vector magnetic-field sensors, based on nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. The sensors feature sub-nT/Hz magnetic sensitivity. We use commercially available components to construct sensors with a small sensor size, high photon collection, and minimal sensor-sample distance. Both sensors are located at the end of optical fibres with the sensor-head freely accessible and robust under movement. These features make them ideal for mapping magnetic fields with high sensitivity and spatial resolution (≤ mm). As a demonstration we use one of the sensors to map the vector magnetic field inside the bore of a ≥100 mT Halbach array. The vector field sensing protocol translates microwave spectroscopy data addressing all diamonds axes and including double quantum transitions to a 3D magnetic field vector.

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Magnetic Communication Using High-Sensitivity Magnetic Field Detectors

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s19153415 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (15) ◽

pp. 3415 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Maurice Hott ◽

Peter A. Hoeher ◽

Sebastian F. Reinecke

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Mobile Applications ◽

Data Communication ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Magnetic Data ◽

Receiver Coil ◽

Magnetic Field Sensors ◽

Resistive Sensor ◽

Field Sensor ◽

Multiple Detectors

In this article, an innovative approach for magnetic data communication is presented. For this purpose, the receiver coil of a conventional magneto-inductive communication system is replaced by a high-sensitivity wideband magnetic field sensor. The results show decisive advantages offered by sensitive magnetic field sensors, including a higher communication range for small receiver units. This approach supports numerous mobile applications where receiver size is limited, possibly in conjunction with multiple detectors. Numerical results are supported by a prototype implementation employing an anisotropic magneto-resistive sensor.

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Magnetic-field sensors based on amorphous alloys for high-sensitivity low-frequency measurements

Sensors and Actuators A Physical ◽

10.1016/s0924-4247(97)01505-7 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 62 (1-3) ◽

pp. 496-500 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

O.L. Sokol-Kutylovskij

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Amorphous Alloys ◽

Low Frequency ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Magnetic Field Sensors ◽

Frequency Measurements

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Optical magnetic detection of single-neuron action potentials using quantum defects in diamond

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1601513113 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 113 (49) ◽

pp. 14133-14138 ◽

Cited By ~ 171

Author(s):

John F. Barry ◽

Matthew J. Turner ◽

Jennifer M. Schloss ◽

David R. Glenn ◽

Yuyu Song ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Action Potentials ◽

Single Neuron ◽

Magnetic Measurements ◽

Field Vector ◽

Nitrogen Vacancy ◽

Label Free ◽

Ambient Conditions ◽

Close Proximity ◽

Quantum Defects

Magnetic fields from neuronal action potentials (APs) pass largely unperturbed through biological tissue, allowing magnetic measurements of AP dynamics to be performed extracellularly or even outside intact organisms. To date, however, magnetic techniques for sensing neuronal activity have either operated at the macroscale with coarse spatial and/or temporal resolution—e.g., magnetic resonance imaging methods and magnetoencephalography—or been restricted to biophysics studies of excised neurons probed with cryogenic or bulky detectors that do not provide single-neuron spatial resolution and are not scalable to functional networks or intact organisms. Here, we show that AP magnetic sensing can be realized with both single-neuron sensitivity and intact organism applicability using optically probed nitrogen-vacancy (NV) quantum defects in diamond, operated under ambient conditions and with the NV diamond sensor in close proximity (∼10 µm) to the biological sample. We demonstrate this method for excised single neurons from marine worm and squid, and then exterior to intact, optically opaque marine worms for extended periods and with no observed adverse effect on the animal. NV diamond magnetometry is noninvasive and label-free and does not cause photodamage. The method provides precise measurement of AP waveforms from individual neurons, as well as magnetic field correlates of the AP conduction velocity, and directly determines the AP propagation direction through the inherent sensitivity of NVs to the associated AP magnetic field vector.

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Magnetoelectric Magnetic Field Sensors: A Review

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21186232 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (18) ◽

pp. 6232

Author(s):

Mirza Bichurin ◽

Roman Petrov ◽

Oleg Sokolov ◽

Viktor Leontiev ◽

Viktor Kuts ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Lithium Niobate ◽

Electric Fields ◽

Quantum Interference ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Electric Polarization ◽

New Materials ◽

Magnetic Field Sensors ◽

Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices ◽

Superconducting Quantum Interference

One of the new materials that have recently attracted wide attention of researchers are magnetoelectric (ME) composites. Great interest in these materials is due to their properties associated with the transformation of electric polarization/magnetization under the influence of external magnetic/electric fields and the possibility of their use to create new devices. In the proposed review, ME magnetic field sensors based on the widely used structures Terfenol—PZT/PMN-PT, Metglas—PZT/PMN-PT, and Metglas—Lithium niobate, among others, are considered as the first applications of the ME effect in technology. Estimates of the parameters of ME sensors are given, and comparative characteristics of magnetic field sensors are presented. Taking into account the high sensitivity of ME magnetic field sensors, comparable to superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs), we discuss the areas of their application.

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Micro-structured optical fiber magnetic field sensor based on magnetic fluid filling

Modern Physics Letters B ◽

10.1142/s0217984919503809 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (31) ◽

pp. 1950380

Author(s):

Jie Wang ◽

Zhen Zhang ◽

Shuguang Li ◽

Shun Wang

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Magnetic Fluid ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Magnetic Field Sensor ◽

The Finite Element Method ◽

Average Sensitivity ◽

Magnetic Field Sensors ◽

Hole Radius ◽

Field Sensor ◽

Air Hole

A novel micro-structured fiber magnetic field sensor based on magnetic fluid (MF) filling is proposed. The air hole radius in the cladding of fiber is reduced from inner layer to outer layer, and the numerical analysis is performed by the finite element method (FEM). For the [Formula: see text]-pol mode, the proposed sensor has an average sensitivity of 960.61 pm/Oe, and for the [Formula: see text]-pol mode, the average sensitivity can reach 884.85 pm/Oe. The sensor has the advantages of small size and high sensitivity and is competitive in magnetic field sensors.

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The biosensing with NV centers in diamond: Related challenges

International Journal of Quantum Information ◽

10.1142/s0219749919410235 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (01) ◽

pp. 1941023 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ekaterina Moreva

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Action Potential ◽

Brain Slices ◽

Nitrogen Vacancy ◽

Magnetic Field Sensors ◽

Cardiac Tissues ◽

Local Current ◽

Field Bias ◽

Current Flows ◽

Electromagnetic Signals

Here, we discussed the current challenges related with the application of Nitrogen-vacancy (NV)-based magnetometers for biological systems. Major constraints for diamond sensor type as optical illumination, microwave field, bias magnetic field, optics, method of photoluminescence detection and sample preparation have been analyzed. Special attention was paid to the estimation of electromagnetic fields in the nervous system. The mechanism of action potential generation and resultant local current flows was discussed, corresponding magnetic field outside an axon was estimated. It was shown that sensitivity of upcoming generation of NV magnetic field sensors may not be enough for the measurement of single neuron action potential, while monitoring electromagnetic signals in brain slices or cardiac tissues seems very promising.

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Demonstration of vector magnetic field sensing by simultaneous control of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond using multi-frequency microwave pulses

Applied Physics Letters ◽

10.1063/1.5079925 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 114 (2) ◽

pp. 022404 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ken Yahata ◽

Yuichiro Matsuzaki ◽

Shiro Saito ◽

Hideyuki Watanabe ◽

Junko Ishi-Hayase

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Nitrogen Vacancy ◽

Vector Magnetic Field ◽

Simultaneous Control ◽

Microwave Pulses ◽

Nitrogen Vacancy Centers ◽

Field Sensing ◽

Magnetic Field Sensing

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Non‐oriented cesium sensors for airborne magnetometry and gradiometry

Geophysics ◽

10.1190/1.1441613 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 49 (11) ◽

pp. 2024-2031 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

C. D. Hardwick

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

National Research Council ◽

Larmor Frequency ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Field Vector ◽

Error Characteristic ◽

Optically Pumped ◽

Optimal Angle ◽

Multiple Sensor ◽

The Magnetic Field

Optically pumped magnetometers are characterized by an optimal angle between their optical axes and the direction of the magnetic field they are sensing. Departure from the optimal angle causes a shift in the Larmor frequency with a corresponding error in the scalar value of the magnetic field being measured. To minimize this error, magnetometers are conventionally either mounted in multiple sensor clusters such that the errors tend to cancel, or they are mechanically oriented to maintain the optimal angle with respect to the magnetic field vector. Recent cesium vapor magnetometers using a split‐beam technique have a sufficiently flat error characteristic that they can be flown in a non‐oriented or “strap‐down” configuration. This configuration has advantages with respect to conventional methods in terms of reduced size and weight and of greatly reduced cost. This paper describes two fixed orientations for a particular split‐beam magnetometer and calculates the allowable maneuver envelope for all dip angles from 0 to 90 degrees. It is shown that the residual orientation errors can best be handled by the conventional type of magnetic interference compensation model that must, in any case, be implemented in digital form for high‐sensitivity magnetometry or for any type of gradiometry. The National Aeronautical Establishment (NAE) of the National Research Council of Canada has flown strap‐down magnetometers in a three‐axis gradiometer array in a Convair 580 for several years. Results for the entire normal maneuver envelope of the aircraft, including 30 degree bank turns, have equalled or surpassed those obtained with oriented magnetometers. Several typical maneuver compensation results are presented that gave root‐mean‐square (rms) (one‐sigma) residual errors as low as 0.03 gammas (γ) for total field and 3.5 mgammas/m (mγ/m) for lateral gradient.

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