scholarly journals In vivo Dominant-Negative Effect of an SCN5A Brugada Syndrome Variant

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Doisne ◽  
Marta Grauso ◽  
Nathalie Mougenot ◽  
Michel Clergue ◽  
Charlotte Souil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brugada Syndrome ◽  
Dna Recombination ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Dominant Negative Effect ◽  
Heart Cells ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Viral Dna ◽  
Negative Effect

Loss-of-function mutations in the cardiac Na+ channel α-subunit Nav1.5, encoded by SCN5A, cause Brugada syndrome (BrS), a hereditary disease characterized by sudden cardiac death due to ventricular fibrillation. We previously evidenced in vitro the dominant-negative effect of the BrS Nav1.5-R104W variant, inducing retention of wild-type (WT) channels and leading to a drastic reduction of the resulting Na+ current (INa). To explore this dominant-negative effect in vivo, we created a murine model using adeno-associated viruses (AAVs).MethodsDue to the large size of SCN5A, a dual AAV vector strategy was used combining viral DNA recombination and trans-splicing. Mice were injected with two AAV serotypes capsid 9: one packaging the cardiac specific troponin-T promoter, the 5′ half of hSCN5A cDNA, a splicing donor site and a recombinogenic sequence; and another packaging the complementary recombinogenic sequence, a splicing acceptor site, the 3′ half of hSCN5A cDNA fused to the gfp gene sequence, and the SV40 polyA signal. Eight weeks after AAV systemic injection in wild-type (WT) mice, echocardiography and ECG were recorded and mice were sacrificed. The full-length hSCN5A-gfp expression was assessed by western blot and immunohistochemistry in transduced heart tissues and the Na+ current was recorded by the patch-clamp technique in isolated adult GFP-expressing heart cells.ResultsAlmost 75% of the cardiomyocytes were transduced in hearts of mice injected with hNav1.5 and ∼30% in hNav1.5-R104W overexpressing tissues. In ventricular mice cardiomyocytes expressing R104W mutant channels, the endogenous INa was significantly decreased. Moreover, overexpression of R104W channels in normal hearts led to a decrease of total Nav1.5 expression. The R104W mutant also induced a slight dilatation of mice left ventricles and a prolongation of RR interval and P-wave duration in transduced mice. Altogether, our results demonstrated an in vivo dominant-negative effect of defective R104W channels on endogenous ones.ConclusionUsing a trans-splicing and viral DNA recombination strategy to overexpress the Na+ channel in mouse hearts allowed us to demonstrate in vivo the dominant-negative effect of a BrS variant identified in the N-terminus of Nav1.5.

scholarly journals Select Heterozygous Keap1 Mutations Have a Dominant-Negative Effect on Wild-Type Keap1 In Vivo

2010 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 1700-1709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takafumi Suzuki ◽  
Jonathan Maher ◽  
Masayuki Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Negative ◽  
Dominant Negative Effect ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Negative Effect

scholarly journals A Dominant Negative Effect of eth-1r, a Mutant Allele of the Neurospora crassa S-Adenosylmethionine Synthetase-Encoding Gene Conferring Resistance to the Methionine Toxic Analogue Ethionine

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 144 (4) ◽  
pp. 1455-1462
Author(s):  
José L Barra ◽  
Mario R Mautino ◽  
Alberto L Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Neurospora Crassa ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
Dominant Negative Effect ◽  
Resistant Phenotype ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Encoding Gene ◽  
Adenosylmethionine Synthetase ◽  
Adomet Synthetase ◽  
Identical Gene

eth-1r a thermosensitive allele of the Neurospora crassa S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) synthetase gene that confers ethionine resistance, has been cloned and sequenced. Replacement of an aspartic amino acid residue (D48 → N48), perfectly conserved in prokaryotic, fungal and higher eukaryotic AdoMet synthetases, was found responsible for both thermosensitivity and ethionine resistance conferred by eth-1r. Gene fusion constructs, designed to overexpress eth-1r in vivo, render transformant cells resistant to ethionine. Dominance of ethionine resistance was further demonstrated in eth-1  +/eth-1r partial diploids carrying identical gene doses of both alleles. Heterozygous eth-1  +/eth-1r cells have, at the same time, both the thermotolerance conferred by eth-1  + and the ethionine-resistant phenotype conferred by eth-1r. AdoMet levels and AdoMet synthetase activities were dramatically decreased in heterozygous eth-1  +/eth-1r cells. We propose that this negative effect exerted by eth-1r results from the in vivo formation of heteromeric eth-1  +/eth-1r AdoMet synthetase molecules.

scholarly journals The Diagnostic Journey of a Patient with Prader–Willi-Like Syndrome and a Unique Homozygous SNURF-SNRPN Variant; Bio-Molecular Analysis and Review of the Literature

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 875
Author(s):  
Karlijn Pellikaan ◽  
Geeske M. van Woerden ◽  
Lotte Kleinendorst ◽  
Anna G. W. Rosenberg ◽  
Bernhard Horsthemke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Array ◽  
Genetic Defect ◽  
Missense Variant ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
Dominant Negative Effect ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Negative Effect

Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare genetic condition characterized by hypotonia, intellectual disability, and hypothalamic dysfunction, causing pituitary hormone deficiencies and hyperphagia, ultimately leading to obesity. PWS is most often caused by the loss of expression of a cluster of genes on chromosome 15q11.2-13. Patients with Prader–Willi-like syndrome (PWLS) display features of the PWS phenotype without a classical PWS genetic defect. We describe a 46-year-old patient with PWLS, including hypotonia, intellectual disability, hyperphagia, and pituitary hormone deficiencies. Routine genetic tests for PWS were normal, but a homozygous missense variant NM_003097.3(SNRPN):c.193C>T, p.(Arg65Trp) was identified. Single nucleotide polymorphism array showed several large regions of homozygosity, caused by high-grade consanguinity between the parents. Our functional analysis, the ‘Pipeline for Rapid in silico, in vivo, in vitro Screening of Mutations’ (PRiSM) screen, showed that overexpression of SNRPN-p.Arg65Trp had a dominant negative effect, strongly suggesting pathogenicity. However, it could not be confirmed that the variant was responsible for the phenotype of the patient. In conclusion, we present a unique homozygous missense variant in SNURF-SNRPN in a patient with PWLS. We describe the diagnostic trajectory of this patient and the possible contributors to her phenotype in light of the current literature on the genotype–phenotype relationship in PWS.

Novel REST Truncation Mutations Causing Hereditary Gingival Fibromatosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 002203452199662
Author(s):  
J.T. Chen ◽  
C.H. Lin ◽  
H.W. Huang ◽  
Y.P. Wang ◽  
P.C. Kao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Localization ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
Dominant Negative Effect ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Localization Signal ◽  
Gingival Fibromatosis

Hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF) is a rare genetic disorder featured by nonsyndromic pathological overgrowth of gingiva. The excessive gingival tissues can cause dental, masticatory, and phonetic problems, which impose severe functional and esthetic burdens on affected individuals. Due to its high recurrent rate, patients with HGF have to undergo repeated surgical procedures of gingival resection, from childhood to adulthood, which significantly compromises their quality of life. Unraveling the genetic etiology and molecular pathogenesis of HGF not only gains insight into gingival physiology and homeostasis but also opens avenues for developing potential therapeutic strategies for this disorder. Recently, mutations in REST (OMIM *600571), encoding a transcription repressor, were reported to cause HGF (GINGF5; OMIM #617626) in 3 Turkish families. However, the functions of REST in gingival homeostasis and pathogenesis of REST-associated HGF remain largely unknown. In this study, we characterized 2 HGF families and identified 2 novel REST mutations, c.2449C>T (p.Arg817*) and c.2771_2793dup (p.Glu932Lysfs*3). All 5 mutations reported to date are nonsenses or frameshifts in the last exon of REST and would presumably truncate the protein. In vitro reporter gene assays demonstrated a partial or complete loss of repressor activity for these truncated RESTs. When coexpressed with the full-length protein, the truncated RESTs impaired the repressive ability of wild-type REST, suggesting a dominant negative effect. Immunofluorescent studies showed nuclear localization of overexpressed wild-type and truncated RESTs in vitro, indicating preservation of the nuclear localization signal in shortened proteins. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated a comparable pattern of ubiquitous REST expression in both epithelium and lamina propria of normal and HGF gingival tissues despite a reduced reactivity in HGF gingiva. Results of this study confirm the pathogenicity of REST truncation mutations occurring in the last exon causing HGF and suggest the pathosis is caused by an antimorphic (dominant negative) disease mechanism.

scholarly journals A Mutation Linked with Bartter's Syndrome Locks Kir 1.1a (Romk1) Channels in a Closed State

1999 ◽  
Vol 114 (5) ◽  
pp. 685-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Flagg ◽  
Margaret Tate ◽  
Jean Merot ◽  
Paul A. Welling
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
Dominant Negative Effect ◽  
K Channel ◽  
Bartter’S Syndrome ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Bartter's Syndrome ◽  
Closed State ◽  
Negative Effect

Mutations in the inward rectifying renal K+ channel, Kir 1.1a (ROMK), have been linked with Bartter's syndrome, a familial salt-wasting nephropathy. One disease-causing mutation removes the last 60 amino acids (332–391), implicating a previously unappreciated domain, the extreme COOH terminus, as a necessary functional element. Consistent with this hypothesis, truncated channels (Kir 1.1a 331X) are nonfunctional. In the present study, the roles of this domain were systematically evaluated. When coexpressed with wild-type subunits, Kir 1.1a 331X exerted a negative effect, demonstrating that the mutant channel is synthesized and capable of oligomerization. Plasmalemma localization of Kir 1.1a 331X green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion construct was indistinguishable from the GFP–wild-type channel, demonstrating that mutant channels are expressed on the oocyte plasma membrane in a nonconductive or locked-closed conformation. Incremental reconstruction of the COOH terminus identified amino acids 332–351 as the critical residues for restoring channel activity and uncovered the nature of the functional defect. Mutant channels that are truncated at the extreme boundary of the required domain (Kir 1.1a 351X) display marked inactivation behavior characterized by frequent occupancy in a long-lived closed state. A critical analysis of the Kir 1.1a 331X dominant negative effect suggests a molecular mechanism underlying the aberrant closed-state stabilization. Coexpression of different doses of mutant with wild-type subunits produced an intermediate dominant negative effect, whereas incorporation of a single mutant into a tetrameric concatemer conferred a complete dominant negative effect. This identifies the extreme COOH terminus as an important subunit interaction domain, controlling the efficiency of oligomerization. Collectively, these observations provide a mechanistic basis for the loss of function in one particular Bartter's-causing mutation and identify a structural element that controls open-state occupancy and determines subunit oligomerization. Based on the overlapping functions of this domain, we speculate that intersubunit interactions within the COOH terminus may regulate the energetics of channel opening.

scholarly journals KLHL3 Knockout Mice Reveal the Physiological Role of KLHL3 and the Pathophysiology of Pseudohypoaldosteronism Type II Caused by Mutant KLHL3

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emi Sasaki ◽  
Koichiro Susa ◽  
Takayasu Mori ◽  
Kiyoshi Isobe ◽  
Yuya Araki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Role ◽  
Hereditary Disease ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
Dominant Negative Effect ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Dominant Type ◽  
Pseudohypoaldosteronism Type Ii ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Pseudohypoaldosteronism Type

ABSTRACT Mutations in the with-no-lysine kinase 1 (WNK1), WNK4, kelch-like 3 (KLHL3), and cullin3 (CUL3) genes are known to cause the hereditary disease pseudohypoaldosteronism type II (PHAII). It was recently demonstrated that this results from the defective degradation of WNK1 and WNK4 by the KLHL3/CUL3 ubiquitin ligase complex. However, the other physiological in vivo roles of KLHL3 remain unclear. Therefore, here we generated KLHL3 −/− mice that expressed β-galactosidase (β-Gal) under the control of the endogenous KLHL3 promoter. Immunoblots of β-Gal and LacZ staining revealed that KLHL3 was expressed in some organs, such as brain. However, the expression levels of WNK kinases were not increased in any of these organs other than the kidney, where WNK1 and WNK4 increased in KLHL3−/− mice but not in KLHL3+/− mice. KLHL3−/− mice also showed PHAII-like phenotypes, whereas KLHL3+/− mice did not. This clearly demonstrates that the heterozygous deletion of KLHL3 was not sufficient to cause PHAII, indicating that autosomal dominant type PHAII is caused by the dominant negative effect of mutant KLHL3. We further demonstrated that the dimerization of KLHL3 can explain this dominant negative effect. These findings could help us to further understand the physiological roles of KLHL3 and the pathophysiology of PHAII caused by mutant KLHL3.

scholarly journals The Role of Subunit Assembly in Peripherin-2 Targeting to Rod Photoreceptor Disk Membranes and Retinitis Pigmentosa

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 3400-3413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J.R. Loewen ◽  
Orson L. Moritz ◽  
Beatrice M. Tam ◽  
David S. Papermaster ◽  
Robert S. Molday
Keyword(s):  
Retinitis Pigmentosa ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
Dominant Negative Effect ◽  
Rod Photoreceptor ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Photoreceptor Outer Segment ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Retinal Degenerative Diseases ◽  
Green Fluorescent

Peripherin-2 is a member of the tetraspanin family of membrane proteins that plays a critical role in photoreceptor outer segment disk morphogenesis. Mutations in peripherin-2 are responsible for various retinal degenerative diseases including autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (ADRP). To identify determinants required for peripherin-2 targeting to disk membranes and elucidate mechanisms underlying ADRP, we have generated transgenic Xenopus tadpoles expressing wild-type and ADRP-linked peripherin-2 mutants as green fluorescent fusion proteins in rod photoreceptors. Wild-type peripherin-2 and P216L and C150S mutants, which assemble as tetramers, targeted to disk membranes as visualized by confocal and electron microscopy. In contrast the C214S and L185P mutants, which form homodimers, but not tetramers, were retained in the rod inner segment. Only the P216L disease mutant induced photoreceptor degeneration. These results indicate that tetramerization is required for peripherin-2 targeting and incorporation into disk membranes. Tetramerization-defective mutants cause ADRP through a deficiency in wild-type peripherin-2, whereas tetramerization-competent P216L peripherin-2 causes ADRP through a dominant negative effect, possibly arising from the introduction of a new oligosaccharide chain that destabilizes disks. Our results further indicate that a checkpoint between the photoreceptor inner and outer segments allows only correctly assembled peripherin-2 tetramers to be incorporated into nascent disk membranes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document