Parental Expression Variation of Small RNAs Is Negatively Correlated with Grain Yield Heterosis in a Maize Breeding Population

The maize is one of the most important crops in the world due to its high productivity and multiplexing usage in human nutrition, animal breeding and industry. The isonucleus inbred lines study has been initiated from the demand of clarifying if the cytoplasm source has a positive or negative influence on the corn cars, plants, grain traits and some maize cultural features. The research has been conducted in the experimental field provided by the Maize Breeding laboratory from ARDS Turda, ARDB Târgu-Mureş, ARDS Secuieni, ARDS Livada, ARDS Suceava in 2009. The cell nucleus transfer activity for 12 elite inbred lines on various cytoplasm types has begun in 1992 starting from the assumption that among cytoplasm of different origin could exist differences in the genetic value. The ultimate objective of breeding works is to obtain a higher grain yield and the yield quality to be at the desired level of farmers. For this reason it was studied the effect of different types of cytoplasm on grain yield, kernel dry matter at harvest and unbroken plants percentage at harvest, all these traits are important to achieve secure yield, mechanized harvestable. The kernel dry matter at harvest is one of the indicators of vegetation period, the most used in choice of early single crosses.

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Selección temprana de líneas S1 de maíz ricas en lisina: I probadores.

Agronomía Mesoamericana ◽

10.15517/am.v9i2.20105 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 65

Author(s):

María Cristina Vega ◽

Enrique Navarro ◽

José Espinoza ◽

Gustavo A. Buciaga ◽

José Luis Guerrero

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Block Design ◽

Agronomic Performance ◽

Lysine Content ◽

Fusarium Spp ◽

Maize Breeding ◽

High Lysine ◽

Genetic Base ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Normal Performance

This research involved ninety-six S1 maize lines with the opaque-2 gene that carne from populations 63 (26 lines), 65 (12 lines), and 68 (58 lines) from the CIMMYT maize breeding programo The S1 lines selected in the laboratory because of their high lysine content were crossed with five testers that had a different genetic base: a synthetic variety, two early lines derived from this variety, and two single intermediate crosses of normal performance. The test crosses were evaluated and compared with five control s (two commercial and three experimental hybrids) using a randomized complete block design in two sites in Mexico during 1992. The objecti ves of this research were to select SI lines in early generations according to their agronomic performance, grain lysine content, and GCA grain yield, and to compare testers' efficiency in discriminating S1 lines. On average, the SI lines of population 63 showed a greater grain yield as compared to that of populations 65 and 68 combined with all testers, except in the case of the synthetic tester YS- 201-M. A line from population 65 combined with tester B3 x B5 showed the highest grain yield (10,23 t ha-I), representing a superiority of 4% above the best commercial hybrid, AN- 447. A total ofthirty-one Sllines were selected based on their agronomic attributes and grain yield: 13, 14, and 4 from populations 63, 65 and 68 respectively]. Tester B3 x B5 tumed out to be the best line discriminator according to the following criteria: grain yield, percentage of ears damaged by Fusarium spp., and number of rotten ears.

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Molecular breeding for improving yield in maize: recent advances and future perspectives.

Molecular breeding in wheat, maize and sorghum: strategies for improving abiotic stress tolerance and yield ◽

10.1079/9781789245431.0022 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 380-404

Author(s):

Mei-ping Zhang ◽

Yun-Hua Liu ◽

Hong-Bin Zhang

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Plant Breeding ◽

Molecular Basis ◽

Maize Yield ◽

Future Perspectives ◽

Maize Breeding ◽

Yield Improvement ◽

Maize Grain Yield ◽

The Past ◽

Recent Advances

Abstract This chapter clarifies plant breeding and its underlying molecular basis, then reviews the molecular technologies that have been developed thus far for enhanced plant breeding, which are necessary to better understand the applications and perspectives of these molecular technologies for enhanced maize breeding. This chapter updates the recent advances of the molecular technologies for maize grain yield breeding in the past decade and compares these molecular technologies and underlines their perspectives for continued maize yield improvement.

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