scholarly journals Exploring Implicit and Explicit Attitudes of Employees’ Authentic Organizational Loyalty

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Woong Hong ◽  
Ah Jeong Hong ◽  
Sang Rak Kim
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Organizational Growth ◽  
Organizational Participation ◽  
Explicit Attitudes ◽  
Organizational Loyalty ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Target Company ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Implicit And Explicit Attitudes

The purpose of this study was to develop the OL-IAT (Organizational Loyalty – Implicit Association Test), an IAT tool that measures implicit attitudes toward organizational loyalty, and to verify its predictive validity. In total, 15 respondents were randomly selected from among the employees of P Company. The respondents were then asked open questions about the image they held of the target company. Based on their responses, a list of words was compiled for use on the OL-IAT. Evaluation categories, either like-dislike or positive-negative, were developed for this test based on the approach-avoidance words proposed by Ostafin and Palfai (2006). The OL-IAT was then administered to 127 employees of Company P, and self-reporting measures were also devised to measure explicit attitudes. A survey of whether the implicit attitude toward organizational loyalty was consistent with the explicit attitude showed that there was no significant correlation, and the attitude inconsistency was evident in the responses. When differences in rank were accounted for, organizational loyalty attitudes were consistent at the manager level, and organizational participation attitudes were consistent at the manager and general staff levels. This study will aid in the development of effective measures of organizational loyalty and accelerate interventions to increase it, which in turn will positively impact long-term organizational growth.

Categorization and Prediction of Crimes of Passion Based on Attitudes Toward Violence

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (15) ◽  
pp. 1775-1790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muzhen Guan ◽  
Xiaojing Li ◽  
Wei Xiao ◽  
Danmin Miao ◽  
Xufeng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Implicit Attitude ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Explicit Attitudes ◽  
Crimes Of Passion ◽  
Attitudes Toward Violence ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Implicit And Explicit Attitudes

The present study explored implicit and explicit attitudes toward violence in crimes of passion. Criminals ( n = 96) who had perpetrated crimes of passion and students ( n = 100) participated in this study. Explicit attitudes toward violence were evaluated using the Abnormal Personality Risk Inventory (APRI), and implicit attitude toward violence was evaluated using the Implicit Association Test (IAT). Results indicated that APRI scores of the perpetrators were significantly higher than that of the control group ( p < .05), suggesting that explicit attitudes toward violence could discriminate between the criminals and the control group. There was a significant IAT effect demonstrating a negative implicit attitude toward violence in both the control group and in the criminals ( n = 68); whereas there was a significant IAT effect manifesting a positive implicit attitude toward violence in the criminals ( n = 16) only. These results suggest that combining explicit and implicit attitudes could provide an empirical classification of crimes of passion.

Patterns of Implicit and Explicit Attitudes: I. Long-Term Change and Stability From 2007 to 2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tessa E. S. Charlesworth ◽  
Mahzarin R. Banaji
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Attitude Change ◽  
Skin Tone ◽  
Explicit Attitudes ◽  
Term Change ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Implicit And Explicit Attitudes

Using 4.4 million tests of implicit and explicit attitudes measured continuously from an Internet population of U.S. respondents over 13 years, we conducted the first comparative analysis using time-series models to examine patterns of long-term change in six social-group attitudes: sexual orientation, race, skin tone, age, disability, and body weight. Even within just a decade, all explicit responses showed change toward attitude neutrality. Parallel implicit responses also showed change toward neutrality for sexual orientation, race, and skin-tone attitudes but revealed stability over time for age and disability attitudes and change away from neutrality for body-weight attitudes. These data provide previously unavailable evidence for long-term implicit attitude change and stability across multiple social groups; the data can be used to generate and test theoretical predictions as well as construct forecasts of future attitudes.

scholarly journals Affective Focus Increases the Concordance Between Implicit and Explicit Attitudes

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 300-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Tucker Smith ◽  
Brian A. Nosek
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Explicit Attitudes ◽  
Cognitive Components ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Attitude Measures ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Implicit And Explicit Attitudes

Two attitude dichotomies – implicit versus explicit and affect versus cognition – are presumed to be related. Following a manipulation of attitudinal focus (affective or cognitive), participants completed two implicit measures (Implicit Association Test and the Sorting Paired Features task) and three explicit attitude measures toward cats/dogs (Study 1) and gay/straight people (Study 2). Based on confirmatory factor analysis, both studies showed that explicit attitudes were more related to implicit attitudes in an affective focus than in a cognitive focus. We suggest that, although explicit evaluations can be meaningfully parsed into affective and cognitive components, implicit evaluations are more related to affective than cognitive components of attitudes.

Sport Fans: Evaluating the Consistency between Implicit and Explicit Attitudes toward Favorite and Rival Teams

2014 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 572-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay L. Wenger ◽  
Roderick O. Brown
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Explicit Attitudes ◽  
Sport Fans ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Implicit And Explicit Attitudes ◽  
Explicit Measures

Sport fans often foster very positive attitudes for their favorite teams and less favorable attitudes for opponents. The current research was designed to evaluate the consistency that might exist between implicit and explicit measures of those attitudes. College students (24 women, 16 men) performed a version of the Implicit Association Test related to their favorite and rival teams. Participants also reported their attitudes for these teams explicitly, via self-report instruments. When responding to the IAT, participants' responses were faster when they paired positive words with concepts related to favorite teams and negative words with rival teams, indicating implicit favorability for favorite teams and implicit negativity for rival teams. This pattern of implicit favorability and negativity was consistent with what participants reported explicitly via self-report. The importance of evaluating implicit attitudes and the corresponding consistency with explicit attitudes are discussed.

scholarly journals The Halo surrounding native English speaker teachers in Indonesia

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 282
Author(s):  
Angga Kramadibrata
Keyword(s):  
Native Speaker ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
English Speaker ◽  
Indian English ◽  
Native English Speaker ◽  
Explicit Attitudes ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Important Quality ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Implicit And Explicit Attitudes

The Native Speaker Fallacy, a commonly held belief that Native English Speaker Teachers (NESTs) are inherently better than Non-NESTs, has long been questioned by ELT researchers. However, this belief still stands strong in the general public. This research looks to understand how much a teacher’s nativeness affects a student’s attitude towards them, as well as the underlying reasons for their attitudes. Sixty seven respondents in two groups were asked to watch an animated teaching video, after which they completed a questionnaire that used Likert-scales to assess comprehensibility, clarity of explanation, engagement, and preference. The videos for both groups were identical apart from the narrator; one spoke in British English, while the other, Indian English. In addition, they were also visually identified as Caucasian and Asian, respectively. The video was controlled for speed of delivery. The quantitative data were then triangulated using qualitative data collected through open questions in the questionnaire as well as from a semi-structured interview conducted with 10 respondents. The data show that there is a significant implicit preference for NEST teachers in the video, as well as in respondent’s actual classes. However, when asked explicitly, respondents didn’t rank nativeness as a very important quality in English teachers. This discrepancy between implicit and explicit attitudes might be due to a subconscious cognitive bias, namely the Halo Effect, in which humans tend to make unjustified presumptions about a person based on known but irrelevant information.

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