scholarly journals Safety, Immunogenicity and Antibody Persistence of Rift Valley Fever Virus Clone 13 Vaccine in Sheep, Goats and Cattle in Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calvin Sindato ◽  
Esron D. Karimuribo ◽  
Emmanuel S. Swai ◽  
Leonard E. G. Mboera ◽  
Mark M. Rweyemamu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Vaccine Trial ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Antibody Persistence

Background: Vaccination is considered to be the best approach to control Rift Valley fever (RVF) in animals and consequently in humans. This study assessed the efficacy and safety of the RVF virus (RVFV) Clone 13 vaccine under field conditions.Methodology: A vaccine trial was conducted in sheep (230), goats (230), and cattle (140) in Ngorongoro district, Tanzania. Half of each of the animal species were vaccinated and the other half received the placebo. Animals were clinically monitored and bled before vaccination and at days 15, 30, 60, 180 and 360 (+/– 10) post-vaccination to measure Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibody responses to RVFV. Survival analysis was conducted using cox-proportional hazard regression model to measure the time until an event of interest had occurred and to compare the cumulative proportion of events over time.Results: Of 600 animals included in the study, 120 animals were lost during the study, leaving a total of 480 (243 in the vaccinated group and 237 in the control group) for complete follow-up sampling. There was no adverse reaction reported at the injection site of the vaccine/placebo in all animals. Abortions, deaths, or body temperature variations were not associated with vaccination (p > 0.05). By day 15 post-inoculation, the IgG seroconversion in vaccinated goats, cattle and sheep was 27.0% (n = 115), 20.0% (n = 70) and 10.4% (n = 115), respectively. By day 30 post-inoculation, it was 75.0% (n = 113), 74.1% (n = 112) and 57.1% (n = 70) in vaccinated sheep, goats and cattle, respectively. By day 60 post-inoculation, IgG seroconversion in sheep, goats and cattle was 88.1% (n = 109), 84.3% (n = 108) and 64.60% (n = 65), respectively. By day 180, the IgG seroconversion in sheep, goats and cattle was 88.0% (n = 108), 83.8% (n = 105) and 66.1% (n = 62), respectively. By day 360, the IgG seroconversion in sheep, goats and cattle was 87.2% (n = 94), 85.6% (n = 90) and 66.1% (n = 59), respectively. Only five animals from the vaccinated group were RVFV IgM positive, which included four sheep and a goat.Conclusion: RVFV Clone 13 vaccine was well tolerated by sheep, goats, and cattle. The vaccine induced detectable, but variable levels of IgG responses, and of different duration. The vaccine is considered safe, with high immunogenicity in sheep and goats and moderate in cattle.

Optical fiber immunosensor for the detection of IgG antibody to Rift Valley fever virus in humans

2007 ◽  
Vol 146 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 327-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sobarzo ◽  
J.T. Paweska ◽  
S. Herrmann ◽  
T. Amir ◽  
R.S. Marks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Valley Fever

Vaccination with Rift Valley fever virus live attenuated vaccine strain Smithburn caused meningoencephalitis in alpacas

2021 ◽  
pp. 104063872110152
Author(s):  
Tasneem Anthony ◽  
Antoinette van Schalkwyk ◽  
Marco Romito ◽  
Lieza Odendaal ◽  
Sarah J. Clift ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Strain ◽  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Wild Type Virus ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Neuronal Necrosis

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic, viral, mosquito-borne disease that causes considerable morbidity and mortality in humans and livestock in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. In June 2018, 4 alpaca inoculated subcutaneously with live attenuated RVF virus (RVFV) Smithburn strain exhibited pyrexia, aberrant vocalization, anorexia, neurologic signs, and respiratory distress. One animal died the evening of inoculation, and 2 at ~20 d post-inoculation. Concern regarding potential vaccine strain reversion to wild-type RVFV or vaccine-induced disease prompted autopsy of the latter two. Macroscopically, both alpacas had severe pulmonary edema and congestion, myocardial hemorrhages, and cyanotic mucous membranes. Histologically, they had cerebral nonsuppurative encephalomyelitis with perivascular cuffing, multifocal neuronal necrosis, gliosis, and meningitis. Lesions were more severe in the 4-mo-old cria. RVFV antigen and RNA were present in neuronal cytoplasm, by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization (ISH) respectively, and cerebrum was also RVFV positive by RT-rtPCR. The virus clustered in lineage K (100% sequence identity), with close association to Smithburn sequences published previously (identity: 99.1–100%). There was neither evidence of an aberrant immune-mediated reaction nor reassortment with wild-type virus. The evidence points to a pure infection with Smithburn vaccine strain as the cause of the animals’ disease.

scholarly journals Large-Scale International Validation of an Indirect ELISA Based on Recombinant Nucleocapsid Protein of Rift Valley Fever Virus for the Detection of IgG Antibody in Domestic Ruminants

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1651
Author(s):  
Janusz T. Pawęska ◽  
Petrus Jansen van Vuren ◽  
Veerle Msimang ◽  
Modu Moustapha Lô ◽  
Yaya Thiongane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rift Valley ◽  
Nucleocapsid Protein ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Recombinant Nucleocapsid Protein

Diagnostic performance of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) based on a recombinant nucleocapsid protein (rNP) of the Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) was validated for the detection of the IgG antibody in sheep (n = 3367), goat (n = 2632), and cattle (n = 3819) sera. Validation data sets were dichotomized according to the results of a virus neutralization test in sera obtained from RVF-endemic (Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique, Senegal, Uganda, and Yemen) and RVF-free countries (France, Poland, and the USA). Cut-off values were defined using the two-graph receiver operating characteristic analysis. Estimates of the diagnostic specificity of the RVFV rNP I-ELISA in animals from RVF-endemic countries ranged from 98.6% (cattle) to 99.5% (sheep) while in those originating from RVF-free countries, they ranged from 97.7% (sheep) to 98.1% (goats). Estimates of the diagnostic sensitivity in ruminants from RVF-endemic countries ranged from 90.7% (cattle) to 100% (goats). The results of this large-scale international validation study demonstrate the high diagnostic accuracy of the RVFV rNP I-ELISA. Standard incubation and inactivation procedures evaluated did not have an adverse effect on the detectable levels of the anti-RVFV IgG in ruminant sera and thus, together with recombinant antigen-based I-ELISA, provide a simple, safe, and robust diagnostic platform that can be automated and carried out outside expensive bio-containment facilities. These advantages are particularly important for less-resourced countries where there is a need to accelerate and improve RVF surveillance and research on epidemiology as well as to advance disease control measures.

Recombinant nucleocapsid-based ELISA for detection of IgG antibody to Rift Valley fever virus in African buffalo

2008 ◽  
Vol 127 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz T. Paweska ◽  
Petrus Jansen van Vuren ◽  
Alan Kemp ◽  
Peter Buss ◽  
Roy G. Bengis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
African Buffalo ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Valley Fever
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