scholarly journals Elevated Root-Zone Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Alters Plant Nutrition of Lettuce and Pepper Grown Hydroponically and Aeroponically

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estibaliz Leibar-Porcel ◽  
Martin R. McAinsh ◽  
Ian C. Dodd
Keyword(s):  
Plant Nutrition ◽  
Growth Regulation ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Co2 Gas ◽  
Nutrient Contents

Enhancing root-zone (RZ) dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) levels of plants grown hydroponically and aeroponically can increase biomass accumulation but may also alter plant nutrient uptake. These experiments investigated how bicarbonate (HCO3−) added to a hydroponic nutrient solution and CO2 gas added to an aeroponic system affected biomass and nutrient concentrations of lettuce and pepper plants. Applying high RZ HCO3− concentrations (20 mM) to lettuce plants grown hydroponically decreased foliar N, P, Cu, K, Mn and Zn concentrations, concurrent with decreased biomass accumulation (50% less than control plants). On the contrary, 1 mM RZ HCO3− promoted biomass accumulation (10% more than control plants), but this could not be attributed to higher tissue nutrient concentrations. While elevated RZ CO2 did not alter biomass accumulation and nutrient concentrations in pepper grown aeroponically, it decreased foliar Mg and S concentrations in lettuce grown aeroponically even though nutrient contents (concentration x biomass) did not differ between treatments, due to 22% more biomass than control plants. In addition, elevated RZ CO2 enhanced N, P, Cu and Zn contents relative to control plants, indicating greater uptake of those elements. Nevertheless, there was no consistent relationship between plant growth promotion and altered plant nutrition, suggesting alternative mechanisms of growth regulation.

scholarly journals Phytohormone Profiles of Lettuce and Pepper Grown Aeroponically with Elevated Root-Zone Carbon Dioxide Concentrations

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 665
Author(s):  
Estibaliz Leibar-Porcel ◽  
Martin R. McAinsh ◽  
Ian C. Dodd
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Growth Inhibitor ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentrations

Enhancing root-zone (RZ) dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) levels of plants grown aeroponically can increase biomass accumulation but may also alter phytohormone profiles in planta. These experiments investigated how CO2 gas (1500 ppm) added to an aeroponic system affected phytohormone concentrations of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) plants. Phytohormonal profiling of root and leaf tissues revealed a solitary treatment difference in lettuce plants, an increased shoot jasmonic acid (JA) concentration under elevated RZ CO2. Since JA is considered a growth inhibitor, growth promotion of lettuce under elevated RZ CO2 does not seem related to its phytohormone profile. On the other hand, pepper plants showed changes in foliar phytohormone (aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, ACC, trans-zeatin, tZ and salicylic acid, SA) concentrations, which were correlated with decreased leaf growth in some experiments. Foliar accumulation of ACC alongside decreased leaf tZ concentrations may mask a positive effect of elevated RZ CO2 on pepper growth. Diverse phytohormone responses to elevated RZ CO2 between different species may be involved in their different growth responses.

Excess of sulfate and dissolved inorganic carbon in groundwaters fueled by pyrite oxidation and organic matter loads – A multi-isotope approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Malik ◽  
Anna-K. Jenner ◽  
Iris Schmiedinger ◽  
Michael E. Böttcher
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Pyrite Oxidation ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Dissimilatory Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Iron Sulfides ◽  
Porous Aquifer

<p>The biogeochemistry of sulfur and carbon in groundwater of a Quaternary porous aquifer system and associated surface (lake) waters was investigated to identify processes of water mixing and the sources of dissolved sulfate and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). The study area is situated in North-Eastern Germany (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania) close to the Baltic Sea coastline. The area is under impact by agricultural activity on a regional scale. A major goal was to identify the natural and anthropogenic key hydrobiogeochemical processes controlling the coupled element cycles upon groundwater development. Besides major and minor elements, redox-sensitive trace elements, nutrients, and stable mulit-isotope signatures (H, C, O, S) were considered.</p><p>While water isotopes of most groundwaters are positioned on the meteoric water line, surface waters are affected by an evaporation-induced enrichment of heavy isotopes. These shifts allow for a quantification of mixing proportions in influenced groundwater wells between direct precipitation-derived groundwater and  infiltrating lake water born fractions.</p><p>Major element hydrochemical and the carbon isotope composition of DIC indicate soil CO<sub>2</sub> and the subterrestrial dissolution of carbonate minerals within the aquifer matrix as primary sources for DIC. Furthermore, contributions from oxidized dissolved organic carbon (DOC) under water-saturated conditions are found.</p><p>The coupled sulfur and oxygen isotope composition of dissolved sulfate indicates an origin dominatly  from the subterrestrial oxidation of iron sulfides, mainly pyrite. These iron sulfides are found in the sediments making the modern porous aquifer, in the study area with a deduced sulfur isotope composition of about -12 per mil vs. VCDT. These findings coupled to enhanced loads in dissolved iron and manganese, but low nutrient concentrations indicate nitrate as an important driver for lithoautothrophic pyrite oxidation. At several sites, the enhanced sulfate loads led to dissimilatory sulfate reduction and, thereby, to in-situ transformation of DOC (and/or Methane) to DIC. The enhancements of sulfate and DIC seems to be a typical feature in North German younger groundwaters and strongly (in)directly impacted by anthropogenic forces.</p>

scholarly journals Nutrients recycle and the growth of Scenedesmus obliquus in synthetic wastewater under different sodium carbonate concentrations

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 191214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Duan ◽  
Xin Guo ◽  
Jingjing Yang ◽  
Mingmei Zhang ◽  
Yangyang Li
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Scenedesmus Obliquus ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Fixation Rate ◽  
High Concentrations

This study illustrated the growth of Scenedesmus obliquus and recycle of nutrients in wastewater combined with inorganic carbon under autotrophic conditions. Scenedesmus obliquus was cultivated under different conditions by adding sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ) at 15–40 mg l −1 separately in wastewater containing high nitrogen and phosphorus content. The growth characteristics of S. obliquus , pH and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) changes of microalgae liquid, the recycle rate of ammonia and phosphorus and lipid content were determined. The changes of pH and DIC showed that S. obliquus could use Na 2 CO 3 to grow, with lipid contents of 18–25%. Among all Na 2 CO 3 concentrations, 20 mg l −1 was the optimum, of which S. obliquus had the highest NH 3 -N recycle of 52% and P O 4 3 – P recycle of 67%. By the 14th day, its biomass production also reaches the maximum of 0.21 g l −1 . However, inorganic carbon fixation rate was inversely proportional to its concentration. Moreover, the biomass was in positive correlation with the Na 2 CO 3 concentration except 20 mg l −1 , which provided a possibility that S. obliquus could be acclimatized to adjust to high concentrations of inorganic carbon to promote biomass accumulation and recycle of nutrients.

scholarly journals An artificial pool experiment in Antarctic sea ice: effects of sea ice melting on physical and biogeochemical components of pool water

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 536-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiki Nomura ◽  
Daisuke Simizu ◽  
Suchana Chavanich ◽  
Hideo Shinagawa ◽  
Mitsuo Fukuchi
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Phytoplankton Growth ◽  
Water Current ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Ice Melting ◽  
Pool Water ◽  
Stable Conditions ◽  
Water Stratification

AbstractWe performed an artificial pool experiment in the Antarctic multi-year land-fast ice to examine and simulate the effect of sea ice melting on physical and biogeochemical components of the sea ice field. The input of snow and ice meltwater resulted in warmer, low salinity water at the surface of the pool and probably stratification of the less dense water. Current speed measurements also pointed to water stratification within the pool. Rapid phytoplankton growth in the pool resulted in drastic decreases in concentrations of dissolved inorganic carbon and nutrients (NO3- and Si(OH)4) in the surface waters of the pool, particularly depleted for NO3-. There was high correlation between variations of dissolved inorganic carbon and nutrient concentrations, but the apparent uptake ratios of these components deviated from that generally applied to marine phytoplankton. The sequence of changes in the physical and biogeochemical components of the pool water suggests that the onset of rapid phytoplankton growth was closely related to the water stratification, which provided stable conditions for phytoplankton bloom even though the supply of nutrients from under-ice water would have declined.

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