scholarly journals Comparison of Different Image Processing Methods for Segregation of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Seeds Infected by Aflatoxin-Producing Fungi

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 873
Author(s):  
Peyman Ziyaee ◽  
Vahid Farzand Ahmadi ◽  
Pourya Bazyar ◽  
Eugenio Cavallo
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Computational Techniques ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

Fungi such as Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus are molds infecting food and animal feed, are responsible for aflatoxin contamination, and cause a significant problem for human and animal health. The detection of aflatoxin and aflatoxigenic fungi on raw material is a major concern to protect health, secure food and feed, and preserve their value. The effectiveness of image processing, combined with computational techniques, has been investigated to detect and segregate peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seeds infected with an aflatoxin producing fungus. After inoculation with Aspergillus flavus, images of peanuts seeds were taken using various lighting sources (LED, UV, and fluorescent lights) on two backgrounds (black and white) at 0, 48, and 72 h after inoculation. Images were post-processed with three different machine learning tools: the artificial neural network (ANN), the support vector machine (SVM), and the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) to detect the Aspergillus flavus growth on peanuts. The results of the study show that the combination of LED light and a white background with ANN had 99.7% accuracy in detecting fungal growth on peanuts 72 h from infection with Aspergillus. Additionally, UV lights and a black background with ANFIS achieve 99.9% accuracy in detecting fungal growth on peanuts 48 h after their infection with Aspergillus.

scholarly journals Seed Tolerance in Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) to Members of the Aspergillus flavus Group of Fungi1

1978 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Bartz ◽  
A. J. Norden ◽  
J. C. LaPrade ◽  
T. J. DeMuynk
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Peanut Seed ◽  
Test Fungus ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus Group ◽  
Apparent Susceptibility

Abstract An assay of cured, hand-shelled seeds of various peanut genotypes for tolerance to members of the Aspergillus flavus group of fungi has been performed in Florida for the years 1971–1974. The assay involved exposing peanut seed at 20–30% moisture to conidia of A. parasiticus or A. flavus in petri plates and incubating at 25 C. After 1 week, the percentage of the seeds with sporulating colonies of the test fungus was determined. Typically, individual lines or cultivars were evaluated on the basis of the average of three plates. However, second or third assays of the same seed lots were done on 45 occasions during the 4 year period. More than 95% of these repeated assays yielded data similar to those from the original assay. However, different seed lots of the same line also were assayed and did not always yield similar results unless the dates of digging, methods of curing and location of the plantings were the same. Some shifts in susceptibility were quite extreme. One lot of stackpole cured ‘Altika’ resulted in 12% colonized seeds in the assay but 77% of a windrow-cured seed lot, dug on the same day from the same plot had colonies of the test fungi. No particular change in the harvesting procedure was consistently associated with increases or decreases in apparent susceptibility. Based on tests of all seed lots of 15 commonly grown cultivars during the years 1971–1974. ‘Florunner’ was the most tolerant cultivar and ‘Tifspan’ was the most susceptible.

scholarly journals Avaliação da micoflora e ocorrência de micotoxinas em cascas de amendoim em diferentes estágios de maturação da vagem

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 1380-1386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edlayne Gonçalez ◽  
Tiago Noel de Souza ◽  
Maria Helena Rossi ◽  
Joana D'arc Felicio ◽  
Benedito Corrêa
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Penicillium Spp

As cascas de amendoim (Arachis hypogaea L.) são de grande importância para confecção de cama de frangos, de gado de leite e como fonte de fibras para ruminantes, portanto a elucidação dos mecanismos de contaminação por fungos toxigênicos e por micotoxinas em amendoim é imprescindível, especialmente para que medidas preventivas possam ser tomadas. Realizou-se, este trabalho, em Junqueirópolis, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Os principais fungos isolados nas cascas de amendoim foram Fusarium ssp. (78,75 %), Rhizopus ssp. (14,1 %) e A. flavus (11,75 %). No solo foram isolados Penicillium spp., Fusarium spp. e Aspergillus flavus, entre outros. Aflatoxinas foram detectadas em amostras de cascas de amendoim a partir do estágio de granação em concentrações que variaram de 5,42 μg/kg a 218,52 μg/kg. Ácido ciclopiazônico e fumonisinas B1 e B2 não foram detectadas. A presença de A. flavus e aflatoxinas nas amostras, revela a importância de um controle das cascas de amendoim antes de sua utilização. Boas práticas agrícolas são indicadas para região, uma vez que a contaminação das vagens ocorreu antes da colheita.

scholarly journals Strategies to understand Aspergillus flavus resistance mechanism in Arachis hypogaea L.

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 100123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiswarya Jayaprakash ◽  
Raja Rajeswary Thanmalagan ◽  
Abhijeet Roy ◽  
Annamalai Arunachalam ◽  
PTV Lakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

scholarly journals Genotypic Regulation of Aflatoxin Accumulation but Not Aspergillus Fungal Growth upon Post-Harvest Infection of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Seeds

Toxins ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walid Korani ◽  
Ye Chu ◽  
Corley Holbrook ◽  
Josh Clevenger ◽  
Peggy Ozias-Akins
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Aflatoxin Accumulation

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Metabolites from the Marine Sponges Amphimedon sp. and Monanchora arbuscula against Aspergillus flavus Strains Isolated from Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea)

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1400900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Arevabini ◽  
Yasmin D. Crivelenti ◽  
Mariana H. de Abreu ◽  
Tamires A. Bitencourt ◽  
Mário F. C. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Marine Sponges ◽  
Marine Alkaloids ◽  
Lead Compounds ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Aflatoxigenic Fungi

Contamination of preharvest and stored peanuts ( Arachis hypogaea L.) by aflatoxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus is an important economical and food safety problem in many tropical and subtropical areas of the world. The present investigation reports the antifungal activity of a halitoxins/amphitoxins enriched extract obtained from the sponge Amphimedon sp. (HAEEAsp), and of batzelladine L isolated from the sponge Monanchora arbuscula on Aspergillus flavus isolated from stored peanuts. A PCR system directed against the ITS region and aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway genes of A. flavus was applied for identification of aflatoxin producing strains. The HAEEAsp extract and batzelladine L showed minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) in the range between 1.9 to 15.6 μg/mL and between 1.9 to 7.8 μg/mL, respectively. The minimal fungicide concentration (MFC) of HAEEAsp extract and batzelladine L was in the range between 3.9 to 31.3 μg/mL and 3.9 to 15.6 μg/mL, respectively. These results indicate that these marine alkaloids may be further explored for the development of potential lead compounds active against aflatoxigenic fungi.

scholarly journals Influência da calagem, da época de colheita e da secagem na incidência de fungos e aflatoxinas em grãos de amendoim armazenados

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Antonia Vieira Rossetto ◽  
Otniel Freitas Silva ◽  
Antonio Edílson da Silva Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Penicillium Spp

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a contaminação e o potencial para síntese de aflatoxinas pelos isolados do grupo Aspergillus flavus em grãos armazenados de amendoim (Arachis hypogaea L.), que foram produzidos com distintos procedimentos de calagem, de colheita e de secagem. Para isto, foram avaliadas doze amostras de grãos de amendoim, cv. Botutatu, provenientes de plantas cultivadas em área que recebeu ou não a aplicação de calcário, colhidas aos 104, 114 e 124 dias após a semeadura e secas em condições ambientais e em estufa. Aos 12 e 18 meses de armazenamento, os grãos foram tratados com hipoclorito de sódio e incubados em BDA, a 20°C, por cinco dias. As espécies do grupo Aspergillus flavus foram identificadas após incubação em meio ADM. Posteriormente, o potencial toxígeno foi avaliado pelo método da cromatografia de camada delgada. A análise da freqüência de fungos revelou que os grãos de amendoim armazenados estavam contaminados por Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp. e Fusarium spp. Os grãos de amendoim, provenientes da colheita antecipada, apresentaram maior contaminação pelo grupo Aspergillus flavus, sendo menor a proporção destes com potencial toxígeno.

scholarly journals Enhanced Infection of Peanut, Arachis hypogaea L., Seeds With Aspergillus flavus Group Fungi Due to External Scarification of Peanut Pods by the Lesser Cornstalk Borer, Elasmopalpus lignosellus (Zeller)1

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Lynch ◽  
David M. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Elasmopalpus Lignosellus ◽  
Group A ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus Group

Abstract The relationship between injury by the lesser cornstalk borer (LCB), Elasmopalpus lignosellus (Zeller), and invasion of peanut, Arachis hypogaea L., pods and seeds by species of the Aspergillus flavus group (A. flavus Link and A. parasiticus Speare) were studied under laboratory and field conditions. In the laboratory, LCB larvae were an excellent vector of an A. parasiticus color mutant (ATCC 24690) to all developmental stages of peanut pods. Fungal invasion and aflatoxin concentration in seeds were higher in immature pods (stage 2–3) than in more mature pods (stage 4–6). Contamination of seeds with ATCC 24690 was directly related to the extent of pod injury by larvae of the LCB. In field studies, over 50% of the LCB larvae collected from peanut were naturally contaminated with species of the A. flavus group. The planting date and harvest date of peanut had little influence on the incidence of fungal contamination of pods and seeds, or on aflatoxin content in seeds. However, increased pod injury by the LCB significantly increased the percentage of seeds infected with species of the A. flavus group. Seeds in pods with only external scarification from larval feeding had a significantly higher percentage of A. flavus group infection than seeds from uninjured pods. Therefore, infection and contamination of visibly uninjured seeds with aflatoxigenic fungi were enhanced by external injury to peanut pods by the LCB.

scholarly journals Estudo do controle químico do Aspergillus flavus e produção de aflátoxina no amendoim (Arachis hypogaea L.) no campo

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (0) ◽  
pp. 337-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Homero Fonseca ◽  
Ângelo Savy Filho ◽  
Jaciro Soave ◽  
Vicente Canecchio Filho
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

No presente trabalho foi estudada a possibilidade de controle da produção de aflatoxina pelo Aspergillus flavus em amendoim, pela aplicação de fungicidas sobre as vagens logo após seu arrancamento. Quatro fungicidas eficientes selecionados previamente em testes "in vitro" (Ferbam, Thiram, Ortofenilfenato de sódio e Captaiol) foram utilizados em experimentos levados a efeito durante quatro anos nas regiões de Caiabu, Campinas, Marília, Pirapozinho e Ribeirão Preto. Os resultados levaram à conclusão, dentro do âmbito e condições do experimento, de que nos anos em que houve chuva na colheita, os tratamentos anti-fúngicos foram ineficientes e que em anos secos as próprias condições do tempo se encarregaram de inibir o A. flavus.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF WASTE BAGASSE (Saccharum sp) FERTILIZER TOWARD GROWTH OF PEANUTS (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-45
Author(s):  
Emas Agus Prastyo Wibowo ◽  
Wening Dwi Prastiwi ◽  
Dina Fika Nada ◽  
Yuni Nur Azizah
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Cane Sugar ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Soil Medium ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Number Of Leaves

The process of sugar cane into sugar which is carried out in the sugar mill produces bagasse obtained from the milling process around 32% of the total cane processed. Sugarcane production in Indonesia in 2007 amounted to 21 million tons, the potential of bagasse produced about 6 million tons of bagasse per year. Up untill now almost every cane sugar mills uses bagasse as boiler fuel, animal feed mixes and the rest are burned or thrown away. One of alternative solid waste management is to turn solid waste into compost.The purpose of this research is to understand the effect of bagasse fertilizer on growth and progress of peanut plants (Arachis hypogaea L.). Bagasse fertilizer made using cow dung as bioactivator. Bagasse obtained from several places in Semarang mashed with finely enough size. Then, with a ratio of cow dung and bagasse 1: 3. Placed in a container then mix and sealed until there is no incoming air. Every 4 or 5 days in 4 weeks is being inverted. After 4 weeks it will get bagasse fertilizer with characteristic brown color, odorless and slightly moist. This research uses three treatments there are peanuts with mixed bagasse fertilizer on the soil medium, compost on the soil medium, and without fertilizer then measured the progress for 14 days. After 14 days, so it obtained an average of plants height and number of leaves. Respectively, are 2.10; 1.38; 2.24 while the number of leaves are 2.55; 2.66; 3.22

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