scholarly journals Very Small Home Ranges of Two Gravid European Brown Bears during Hyperphagia

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3580
Author(s):  
Laura Schulte ◽  
Daniele De Angelis ◽  
Natarsha Babic ◽  
Slaven Reljić
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Brownian Bridge ◽  
Gravid Female ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Movement Model ◽  
Brown Bears ◽  
Feeding Sites ◽  
Brownian Bridge Movement Model

In September 2019, two gravid female brown bears (Ursus arctos) were captured and equipped with GPS/GSM collars in Paklenica National Park (Croatia). Home ranges during hyperphagia were analyzed to describe the spatiotemporal requirements. Mean seasonal home ranges were very small with 9.2 km2 and 7.5 km2 (Brownian Bridge Movement Model 95%). During the tracking period, both bears used different territories and showed little to no use of overlapping area. The bears in our study spent a considerable time in proximity of artificial feeding sites, indicating a probable use of these structures as a food resource (mean 15.7% and 30.7%). Furthermore, the bears approached very close to human structures such as 8.9 m and 4.4 m. As most encounters between humans and bears occur during hyperphagia, it is important to offer refugia from human disturbance, especially as the National Park is not only used by residents, but also by tourists. To adapt management according to the animal’s needs, further studies should include more individuals from different age and sex classes. Both females were gravid. It remains unclear whether gravidity has an effect on the home range and should be further investigated.

Factors affecting the home range of Dinaric-Pindos brown bears

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele De Angelis ◽  
Djuro Huber ◽  
Slaven Reljic ◽  
Paolo Ciucci ◽  
Josip Kusak
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Brownian Bridge ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Range Size ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Supplemental Feeding ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Brown Bears ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Feeding Sites

Abstract Studying how animals interact with their environment is fundamental to informing conservation and management efforts, especially when examining large, wide-ranging carnivores in human-dominated landscapes. We hypothesized that the home ranges of bears are configured to exploit supplemental food (corn) and avoid people. In 2004–2016, we tracked 10 brown bears from the Dinaric-Pindos population using GPS telemetry, then used Brownian bridge movement models to estimate their home ranges. We related seasonal home range size to circadian period and density of supplemental feeding sites using generalized linear mixed-effect models. We also used ecological-niche factor analysis to study habitat composition within home range core areas in study areas characterized by different levels of human encroachment. We found that home range size was inversely related to density of supplemental feeding sites, and bears had larger home ranges at night (x̅ = 103.3 ± 72.8 km2) than during the day (x̅ = 62.3 ± 16.6 km2). Our results also revealed that bears living in more human-influenced areas concentrated their use far from human settlements and agricultural lands but stayed close to supplemental feeding sites. Our data suggest that bears alter their space-use patterns at the home range level in response to anthropogenic land use and food availability.

scholarly journals Use of salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) by Brown Bears (Ursus arctos) in an Arctic, interior, montane environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathew S. Sorum ◽  
Kyle Joly ◽  
Matthew D. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Brown Bear ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Brooks Range ◽  
Brown Bears ◽  
Arctic Circle ◽  
Aerial Surveys

Salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) is a key dietary item for temperate coastal Brown Bears (Ursus arctos) across much of their circumpolar range. Brown Bears living in Arctic, interior, and montane environments without large annual runs of salmon tend to be smaller bodied and occur at much lower densities than coastal populations. We conducted ground and aerial surveys to assess whether Brown Bears fished for salmon above the Arctic Circle, in and around Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve. Here, we document the use of salmon by interior Brown Bears in the Arctic mountains of the central Brooks Range of Alaska. We believe our findings could be important for understanding the breadth of the species’ diet across major biomes, as well as visitor safety in the park and Brown Bear conservation in the region.

scholarly journals Ain’t Nothing like Family—Female Brown Bears Share Their Home Range with Relatives

Diversity ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Astrid Olejarz ◽  
Jouni Aspi ◽  
Ilpo Kojola ◽  
Vesa Nivala ◽  
Alina K. Niskanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Brown Bears ◽  
Home Range Overlap ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Centroid Distance ◽  
Range Overlap ◽  
Eastern Finland

Sociality in animal populations is a continuum, and interactions between conspecifics are meaningful for all vertebrates. Ignorance of social structures can lead to misunderstanding their ecology and, consequently, to unsuccessful species management. Here, we combined genetic and spatial data on radio-collared brown bears (Ursus arctos) to investigate kin-related home range overlap and kin-related centroid distance within central and eastern Finland. We found that the extent of home range overlap was positively correlated with relatedness among adult females. In addition, home range centroid distance decreased as relatedness increased. Moreover, there were significant differences between the two studied regions: female brown bears in central Finland were more closely related to each other, and the sizes of their home ranges were larger than those in eastern Finland. The smaller home ranges and lower degree of relatedness among bears in eastern Finland might be a result of the substantially higher hunting pressure in the area, combined with immigration of new unrelated individuals from Russia.

scholarly journals Deriving movement properties and the effect of the environment from the Brownian bridge movement model in monkeys and birds

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Buchin ◽  
Stef Sijben ◽  
E Emiel van Loon ◽  
Nir Sapir ◽  
Stéphanie Mercier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brownian Bridge ◽  
Movement Model ◽  
Brownian Bridge Movement Model

Home Ranges of Sympatric Red Kangaroos Macropus-Rufus, and Western Grey Kangaroos Macropus-Fuliginosus, in Western New-South-Wales

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 405 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Priddel ◽  
N Shepherd ◽  
G Wellard
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
National Park ◽  
New South ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Feeding Sites ◽  
Resting Sites ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Macropus Rufus ◽  
Over Time

Home ranges of sympatric red kangaroos, Macropus rufus, and western grey kangaroos, M. fuliginosus, were determined by radiotracking 48 individuals over 20 months. More than 90% of individuals of each species remained within home ranges of less than 10 km2 (mean � SE, 7.74 � 0.90, reds; 6.92 � 0.77, western greys). At no time did any individual disperse far, the longest movement being 13 km. Based on diurnal locations (resting sites) only, home ranges of red kangaroos were larger than those of western greys (P<O.001), and those of kangaroos on Kinchega National Park smaller than those on the adjacent pastoral leasehold (P<O.05). Home ranges calculated from nocturnal and diurnal locations (feeding sites and resting sites) were no different in size for either species, sex or location, but reds, males, and kangaroos on Tandou sometimes moved further between nights and between seasons than did western greys, females, and kangaroos on Kinchega, respectively. Size of quarterly home ranges of red kangaroos changed over time, being positively correlated with minimum temperature (r=0.96; P<O.O5), solar radiation (r=0.99; P<0.05) and evaporation (r=0.99; P<O.O5). Home-range size for western greys did not change significantly over the duration of the study.

scholarly journals The impact of roads on the movement of arboreal fauna in protected areas: the case of lar and pileated gibbons in Khao Yai National Park, Thailand

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Norberto Asensio ◽  
Jakkrit Kachanan ◽  
Chanpen Saralamba ◽  
Juan Manuel José-Domínguez
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Park ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Movement Model ◽  
Khao Yai National Park ◽  
Crossing Probability ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The unavoidable impact of roads on arboreal fauna in protected areas has received little attention. We investigated this impact on two gibbon species in Khao Yai National Park, Thailand: two groups had home ranges traversed by roads (roadside groups) and another two lived nearby roads (interior groups). Roads partially delineated the edges of home ranges of roadside groups, and gibbons crossed them only at a few locations. Gibbons’ space use decreased near roads for roadside groups and showed road reluctance as their crossing rates were smaller than those produced by a null movement model. Generalised linear models (GLMs) indicated that a long canopy gap reduced gibbons’ crossing probability, whereas forest cover had a positive effect. A large part of the road network had a low probability of being crossed by gibbons according to GLMs, especially at areas around park headquarters. Roads were still relatively permeable to gibbon movement with a mean 35% crossing probability. The relatively short and narrow road network in the park constitutes a positive assessment of the standards of how roads should be built in protected areas. Nonetheless, this assessment might be the consequence of the park being set in a mountainous region with difficulties of road development.

scholarly journals Space Use by Brown Bears (Ursus arctos) in the Sikhote-Alin

2019 ◽  
pp. 366-384
Author(s):  
Ivan V. Seryodkin ◽  
Yuriy K. Kostyria ◽  
John M. Goodrich ◽  
Yuriy K. Petrunenko
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Brown Bear ◽  
Space Use ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Range Size ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Sikhote Alin ◽  
Brown Bears ◽  
Wide Range

Proper management of brown bear populations (Ursus arctos) requires knowledge of their ecology, including space use. Brown bear spatial patterns are particularly poorly understood in the Russian Far East, due to lack of telemetry studies. The aim of this work was to study space use by brown bears in the Sikhote-Alin region. From 1993 to 2002, we used VHF radiocollars to collect spatial data from nine males (eight adults and one juvenile) and six females (five adults and one juvenile) in the Middle Sikhote-Alin. Fixed Kernel home range size estimates were larger for males (891.34 ± 346.99 km2) than for females (349.94 ± 543.06 km2). The juvenile home range sizes were 237.24 and 333.64 km2 for the male and female, respectively. The maximum home range size was for the two-year area of one male (9217.36 km2). The core area sizes varied over a wide range (6.12–358.45 km2). The structure and location of home ranges and their core areas depended upon the seasonal habitat selection of bears, as well as the distribution, abundance, and accessibility of foraging resources. Bears’ home ranges overlapped between males and females, as well as between same sex individuals. The results of this work are important for the management of the brown bear population in the Sikhote-Alin

scholarly journals Interactions of Brown Bears, Ursus arctos, and Gray Wolves, Canis lupus, at Katmai National Park and Preserve, Alaska

2004 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom S. Smith ◽  
Steven T. Partridge ◽  
John W. Schoen
Keyword(s):  
Canis Lupus ◽  
National Park ◽  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Behavioral Plasticity ◽  
Additional Insight ◽  
Brown Bears ◽  
Gray Wolves ◽  
Katmai National Park

We describe several encounters between Brown Bears (Ursus arctos) and Gray Wolves (Canis lupus) that were observed at Katmai National Park and Preserve in southwest Alaska. Katmai Brown Bears and Gray Wolves were observed interacting in a variety of behavioral modes that ranged from agonistic to tolerant. These observations provide additional insight regarding the behavioral plasticity associated with bear-wolf interactions.

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