Ain’t Nothing like Family—Female Brown Bears Share Their Home Range with Relatives

Sociality in animal populations is a continuum, and interactions between conspecifics are meaningful for all vertebrates. Ignorance of social structures can lead to misunderstanding their ecology and, consequently, to unsuccessful species management. Here, we combined genetic and spatial data on radio-collared brown bears (Ursus arctos) to investigate kin-related home range overlap and kin-related centroid distance within central and eastern Finland. We found that the extent of home range overlap was positively correlated with relatedness among adult females. In addition, home range centroid distance decreased as relatedness increased. Moreover, there were significant differences between the two studied regions: female brown bears in central Finland were more closely related to each other, and the sizes of their home ranges were larger than those in eastern Finland. The smaller home ranges and lower degree of relatedness among bears in eastern Finland might be a result of the substantially higher hunting pressure in the area, combined with immigration of new unrelated individuals from Russia.

Synthesis, crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of dimethyl 3-(3-bromophenyl)-6-methyl-7-oxo-3,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazole-1,2-dicarboxylate

The title compound, C17H17BrN2O5, resulted from the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction between dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate and (3-bromobenzylidene)-4-methyl-5-oxopyrazolidin-2-ium-1-ide in CHCl3. The dihedral angle between the pyrazole rings (all atoms) is 32.91 (10)°; the oxo-pyrazole ring displays an envelope conformation whereas the other pyrazole ring adopts a twisted conformation. The bromophenyl ring subtends a dihedral angle of 88.95 (9)° with the mean plane of its attached pyrazole ring. In the crystal, the molecules are linked by C—H...O hydrogen bonds and aromatic π–π interactions with an inter-centroid distance of 3.8369 (10) Å. The Hirshfeld surface analysis and fingerprint plots reveal that the molecular packing is governed by H...H (37.1%), O...H/H...O (31.3%), Br...H/H...Br (13.5%) and C...H/H...C (10.6%) contacts. The energy framework indicates that dispersion energy is the major contributor to the molecular packing.

Maxmin Data Range Heuristic-based Initial Centroid Method of Partitional Clustering for Big Data Mining

The centroid-based clustering algorithm depends on the number of clusters, initial centroid, distance measures, and statistical approach of central tendencies. The initial centroid initialization algorithm defines convergence speed, computing efficiency, execution time, scalability, memory utilization, and performance issues for big data clustering. Nowadays various researchers have proposed the cluster initialization techniques, where some initialization techniques reduce the number of iterations with the lowest cluster quality, and some initialization techniques increase the cluster quality with high iterations. For these reasons, this study proposed the initial centroid initialization based Maxmin Data Range Heuristic (MDRH) method for K-Means (KM) clustering that reduces the execution times, iterations, and improves quality for big data clustering. The proposed MDRH method has compared against the classical KM and KM++ algorithms with four real datasets. The MDRH method has achieved better effectiveness and efficiency over RS, DB, CH, SC, IS, and CT quantitative measurements.

757 Cardio-TC role in patients selection for transcatheter edge to edge tricuspid repair

Aims Anatomic knowledge of the tricuspid valve (TV) is the first step in the management of patients with tricuspid regurgitation (TR) who are candidates for transcatheter tricuspid valve intervention (TTVI). Echocardiography is undoubtedly the first approach in assessing the aetiology and severity of TR and the size and function of the right chambers. Computed tomography (CT) provides a detailed morphological visualization of the cardiac structures owing to acquisition of 3D data with high spatial resolution. These findings may undoubtedly help in decision-making progress for novel transcatheter therapies. The purpose of the present study was to assess the geometrical changes of the TV complex using CT images, in patients suffering from functional TR and lead-induced TR. Methods The study population consisted of 21 consecutive patients with symptomatic severe TR referred to Policlinico Universitario Campus Biomedico between November 2020 and October 2021. Patients were prospectively included in the study only if they presented severe TR, diagnosed by echocardiography and underwent cardiac CT study dedicated to the right-chambers. The reconstructions were transferred to an external workstation for off-line image analysis. The following measurements were reported: tricuspid annulus area, perimeter, septal–lateral and antero-posterior diameters. Commissures were identified as antero-septal (AS), postero-septal (PS) and anteroposterior (AP). Were measured the inferior vena cava ostium to tricuspid valve centroid distance, anatomic regurgitant orifice area (AROA) and its position respect to the centroid, and the right chambers. Results All 21 patients underwent CT scan using Siemens SOMATOM Definition AS 128 Slice CT Machine. The measurements were calculated off-line using the 3mensio workstation. In our study population, the annulus resulted enlarged in the annulus area, perimeter, septal-lateral and anterior-posterior dimensions. Measurements did not differ significantly, except for the septal-lateral diameter that was smaller in systole (52.80 ± 7.28 mm vs. 47.83 ± 6.83 mm (P=0.027). Also, distances between the commissures were similar except for the AP-AS distance that was shorter in systole (45.26 ± 3.48 mm vs. 42.13 ± 3.73, P=0.007). The AROA resulted to be central in 7 patients, the IVC ostium to TV centroid distance was 23±3 mm. Right chambers and IVC resulted very enlarged in all patients. Conclusions CT provides a complete morphologic imaging of the heart structures, thanks to a high spatial resolution with excellent capacity to define the endocardial border and allows acquisition of three-dimensional data with high spatial resolution of the TV and provides valuable information about the geometric variations of the tricuspid complex in patients with TR. Image quality for analysis should be optimized with specific CT acquisition protocols that focus on the right ventricles.

Improved NSGA-III using transfer learning and centroid distance for dynamic multi-objective optimization

Multi-objective problems in real world are often contradictory and even change over time. As we know, how to find the changing Pareto front quickly and accurately is challenging during the process of solving dynamic multi-objective optimization problems (DMOPs). In addition, most solutions obey different distributions in decision space and the performance of NSGA-III when dealing with DMOPs should be further improved. In this paper, centroid distance is proposed and combined into NSGA-III with transfer learning together for DMOPs, called TC_NSGAIII. Centroid distance-based strategy is regarded as a prediction method to prevent some inappropriate individuals through measuring the distance of the population centroid and reference points. After the distance strategy, transfer learning is used for generating an initial population using the past experience. To verify the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm, NSGAIII, Tr_NSGAIII (NSGA-III combining with transfer learning only), Ce_NSGAIII (NSGA-III combining with centroid distance only), and TC_NSGAIII are compared. Seven state-of-the-art algorithms have been used for comparison on CEC 2015 benchmarks. Besides, transfer learning and centroid distance are regarded as a dynamic strategy, which is incorporated into three static algorithms, and the performance improvement is measured. What’s more, twelve benchmark functions from CEC 2015 and eight sets of parameters in each function are used in our experiments. The experimental results show that the performance of algorithms can be greatly improved through the proposed approach.

Ain't Nothing Like Family - Brown Bears Share their Home Range with Relatives

Sociality in animal populations is a continuum, and interactions between conspecifics are meaningful for all vertebrates. Ignorance of social structures can lead to misunderstanding their ecology and, consequently, to unsuccessful species management. Here, we combined genetic and spatial data on radio-collated brown bears (Ursus arctos) to investigate kin-related home range overlap and kin-related centroid distance within central and eastern Finland. We found that the extent of overlap of home ranges was positively linked with relatedness among adult females. A similar positive correlation could be detected between home range centroid distance and relatedness among adult females. Moreover, there were significant differences between the two studied regions: female brown bears in central Finland were more closely related to each other, and the sizes of their home ranges were larger than those in eastern Finland. The smaller home ranges and lower degree of relatedness among bears in eastern Finland might be a result of the substantially higher hunting pressure in the area, combined with immigration of new unrelated individuals from Russia.

Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of (E)-4-({2,2-dichloro-1-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]ethenyl}diazenyl)benzonitrile

In the title compound, C17H14Cl2N4, the dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 50.09 (9)°. The central –N=N– unit shows an E configuration. In the crystal, C—H...N interactions, C—Cl...π and π–π stacking interactions [centroid-to-centroid distance = 3.7719 (14) Å] link the molecules, forming molecular layers approximately parallel to the (002) plane. Additional weak van der Waals interactions between the layers consolidate the three-dimensional packing. Hirshfeld surface analysis indicates that the most important contributions for the crystal packing are from H...H (33.6%), N...H/ H...N (17.2%), Cl...H/H...Cl (14.1%) and C...H/H...C (14.1%) contacts.

2-Aminopyrimidinium Decavanadate: Experimental and Theoretical Characterization, Molecular Docking, and Potential Antineoplastic Activity

The interest in decavanadate anions has increased in recent decades, since these clusters show interesting applications as varied as sensors, batteries, catalysts, or new drugs in medicine. Due to the capacity of the interaction of decavanadate with a variety of biological molecules because of its high negative charge and oxygen-rich surface, this cluster is being widely studied both in vitro and in vivo as a treatment for several global health problems such as diabetes mellitus, cancer, and Alzheimer’s disease. Here, we report a new decavanadate compound with organic molecules synthesized in an aqueous solution and structurally characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The decavanadate anion was combined with 2-aminopyrimidine to form the compound [2-ampymH]6[V10O28]·5H2O (1). In the crystal lattice, organic molecules are stacked by π–π interactions, with a centroid-to-centroid distance similar to that shown in DNA or RNA molecules. Furthermore, computational DFT calculations of Compound 1 corroborate the hydrogen bond interaction between pyrimidine molecules and decavanadate anions, as well as the π–π stacking interactions between the central pyrimidine molecules. Finally, docking studies with test RNA molecules indicate that they could serve as other potential targets for the anticancer activity of decavanadate anion.

Artificial intelligence-assisted analysis of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography image for identifying ampulla and difficulty of selective cannulation

The advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has facilitated its application in medical fields. However, there has been little research for AI-assisted endoscopy, despite the clinical significance of the efficiency and safety of cannulation in the endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). In this study, we aim to assist endoscopists performing ERCP through automatic detection of the ampulla and the identification of cannulation difficulty. We developed a novel AI-assisted system based on convolutional neural networks that predict the location of the ampulla and the difficulty of cannulation to the ampulla. ERCP data of 531 and 451 patients were utilized in the evaluation of our model for each task. Our model detected the ampulla with mean intersection-over-union 64.1%, precision 76.2%, recall 78.4%, and centroid distance 0.021. In classifying the cannulation difficulty, it achieved the recall of 71.9% for the class of easy cases and that of 61.1% for that of difficult cases. Remarkably, our model accurately detected AOV with varying morphological shape, size, and texture on par with the level of a human expert and showed promising results for recognizing cannulation difficulty. It demonstrated its potential to improve the quality of ERCP by assisting endoscopists.

Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of ethyl (4R,4aS)-2-methyl-5,8-dioxo-6-phenyl-4a,5,6,7,7a,8-hexahydro-4H-furo[2,3-f]isoindole-4-carboxylate

In the title compound, C20H19NO5, the central six-membered ring has a slightly distorted half-chair conformation, with puckering parameters of Q T = 0.3387 (11) Å, θ = 49.11 (19)° and φ = 167.3 (2)°. The conformation of the fused pyrrolidine ring is that of an envelope. Molecules are connected by intermolecular C—H...O hydrogen bonds, C—H...π interactions and π–π stacking interactions [centroid-to-centroid distance = 3.9536 (11) Å, with a slippage of 2.047 Å], forming a three-dimensional network. The most important contributions to the surface contacts are from H...H (46.3%), O...H/H...O (31.5%) and C...H/H...C (17.3%) interactions, as concluded from a Hirshfeld surface analysis.