scholarly journals Management of Chronic Congestive Heart Failure Caused by Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease in Dogs: A Narrative Review from 1970 to 2020

Animals ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Mara Bagardi ◽  
Viola Zamboni ◽  
Chiara Locatelli ◽  
Alberto Galizzi ◽  
Sara Ghilardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Mitral Valve Disease ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Valve Disease ◽  
Chronic Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Case Control Studies

The treatment of chronic congestive heart failure (CHF), secondary to myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) in dogs, has considerably changed in the last fifty years. An analysis of the literature concerning the therapy of chronic CHF in dogs affected by MMVD is not available, and it is needed. Narrative reviews (NRs) are aimed at identifying and summarizing what has been previously published, avoiding duplications, and seeking new study areas that have not yet been addressed. The most accessible open-access databases, PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar, were chosen, and the searching time frame was set in five decades, from 1970 to 2020. The 384 selected studies were classified into categories depending on the aim of the study, the population target, the pathogenesis of MMVD (natural/induced), and the resulting CHF. Over the years, the types of studies have increased considerably in veterinary medicine. In particular, there have been 43 (24.29%) clinical trials, 41 (23.16%) randomized controlled trials, 10 (5.65%) cross-over trials, 40 (22.60%) reviews, 5 (2.82%) comparative studies, 17 (9.60%) case-control studies, 2 (1.13%) cohort studies, 2 (1.13%) experimental studies, 2 (1.13%) questionnaires, 6 (3.40%) case-reports, 7 (3.95%) retrospective studies, and 2 (1.13%) guidelines. The experimental studies on dogs with an induced form of the disease were less numerous (49–27.68%) than the studies on dogs affected by spontaneous MMVD (128–72.32%). The therapy of chronic CHF in dogs has considerably changed in the last fifty years: in the last century, some of the currently prescribed drugs did not exist yet, while others had different indications.

scholarly journals Blood lactate increases with the progression of mitral valve disease in dogs

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1781-1786
Author(s):  
Jorge Cardoso Silva-Filho ◽  
Marlos G. Sousa ◽  
Evandro Zacché Pereira ◽  
Edna M.G. Ortiz ◽  
Rodrigo P. Franco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Cardiac Remodeling ◽  
Mitral Valve Disease ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Tissue Perfusion ◽  
Valve Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional

ABSTRACT: In dogs with congestive heart failure, the upregulated sympathetic tone causes vasoconstriction that impairs peripheral blood supply, therefore causing the accumulation of lactate. In this prospective cross-sectional study with a longitudinal component, blood lactate was quantified in 10 healthy and 34 myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) dogs to investigate its potential use as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. While there were no differences in lactate concentration between control animals and stages B1 (3.31±0.62mmol/L) and B2 (3.32±0.46mmol/L) dogs, significant differences were found between healthy (2.50±0.69mmol/L) and both C (3.99±0.47mmol/L) and D (6.97±1.23mmol/L) animals. When a cut-off of 3.35mmol/L was used, lactate was able to distinguish dogs with normal and remodeled hearts with a sensitivity of 78.2% and specificity of 63.6%. Also, significant correlations existed between lactate and indicators of cardiac remodeling. Finally, animals with blood lactate <3.5mmol/L carried a better prognosis when compared with dogs in which lactate was >5.0mmol/L. Our results suggest that the progression of MMVD results in accumulation of lactate within the bloodstream, which is likely attributable to the impaired peripheral tissue perfusion. In MMVD dogs, blood lactate may be used as a surrogate for cardiac remodeling, and an increased concentration is associated with a worse prognosis regarding the time to evolve into congestive heart failure.

Prediction of first onset of congestive heart failure in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease: The PREDICT cohort study

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caryn A. Reynolds ◽  
Dorothy Cimino Brown ◽  
John E. Rush ◽  
Philip R. Fox ◽  
Thaibihn P. Nguyenba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Mitral Valve Disease ◽  
Valve Disease ◽  
First Onset

scholarly journals Depleted Myocardial Coenzyme Q10 in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels with Congestive Heart Failure Due to Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Liselotte B. Christiansen ◽  
Maria J. Reimann ◽  
Anne Marie V. Schou-Pedersen ◽  
Steen Larsen ◽  
Jens Lykkesfeldt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Coenzyme Q10 ◽  
Mitral Valve Disease ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Valve Disease ◽  
Tissue Samples

Congestive heart failure (CHF) has been associated with depleted myocardial coenzyme Q10 (Q10) concentrations in human patients. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between myocardial Q10 concentrations and myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) severity in dogs. Furthermore, citrate synthase (CS) activity was analysed to determine if a reduction in myocardial Q10 was associated with mitochondrial depletion in the myocardium. Thirty Cavalier King Charles spaniels (CKCS) in MMVD stages B1 (n = 11), B2 (n = 5) and C (n = 14) according to the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) guidelines and 10 control (CON) dogs of other breeds were included. Myocardial Q10 concentration was analysed in left ventricular tissue samples using HPLC-ECD. CKCS with congestive heart failure (CHF; group C) had significantly reduced Q10 concentrations (median, 1.54 µg/mg; IQR, 1.36–1.94), compared to B1 (2.76 µg/mg; 2.10–4.81, p < 0.0018), B2 (3.85 µg/mg; 3.13–4.46, p < 0.0054) and CON dogs (2.8 µg/mg; 1.64–4.88, p < 0.0089). CS activity was comparable between disease groups. In conclusion, dogs with CHF due to MMVD had reduced myocardial Q10 concentrations. Studies evaluating antioxidant defense mechanisms as a therapeutic target for treatment of CHF in dogs are warranted.

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