scholarly journals Vitamin E Delivery Systems Increase Resistance to Oxidative Stress in Red Deer Sperm Cells: Hydrogel and Nanoemulsion Carriers

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1780
Author(s):  
Alejandro Jurado-Campos ◽  
Pedro Javier Soria-Meneses ◽  
Francisca Sánchez-Rubio ◽  
Enrique Niza ◽  
Iván Bravo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Sperm Cells ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
New Formulation ◽  
Species Production

Oxidative stress has become a major concern in the field of spermatology, and one of the possible solutions to this acute problem would be the use of antioxidant protection; however, more studies are required in this field, as highly contradictory results regarding the addition of antioxidants have been obtained. Vitamin E is a powerful biological antioxidant, but its low stability and high hydrophobicity limit its application in spermatology, making the use of organic solvents necessary, which renders spermatozoa practically motionless. Keeping this in mind, we propose the use of hydrogels (HVEs) and nanoemulsions (NVEs), alone or in combination, as carriers for the controlled release of vitamin E, thus, improving its solubility and stability and preventing oxidative stress in sperm cells. Cryopreserved sperm from six stags was thawed and extended to 30 × 106 sperm/mL in Bovine Gamete Medium (BGM). Once aliquoted, the samples were incubated as follows: control, free vitamin E (1 mM), NVEs (9 mM), HVEs (1 mM), and the combination of HVEs and NVEs (H + N), with or without induced oxidative stress (100 µM Fe2+/ascorbate). The different treatments were analyzed after 0, 2, 5, and 24 h of incubation at 37 °C. Motility (CASA®), viability (YO-PRO-1/IP), mitochondrial membrane potential (Mitotracker Deep Red 633), lipid peroxidation (C11 BODIPY 581/591), intracellular reactive oxygen species production (CM-H2DCFDA), and DNA status (SCSA®) were assessed. Our results show that the deleterious effects of exogenous oxidative stress were prevented by the vitamin E-loaded carriers proposed, while the kinematic sperm parameters (p ˂ 0.05) and sperm viability were always preserved. Moreover, the vitamin E formulations maintained and preserved mitochondrial activity, prevented sperm lipid peroxidation, and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (p ˂ 0.05) under oxidative stress conditions. Vitamin E formulations were significantly different as regards the free vitamin E samples (p < 0.001), whose sperm kinematic parameters drastically decreased. This is the first time that vitamin E has been formulated as hydrogels. This new formulation could be highly relevant for sperm physiology preservation, signifying an excellent approach against sperm oxidative damage.

242 PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF VITAMIN E TREATMENT IN HEAT-STRESSED BOS TAURUS BULLS

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. H. Barnabe ◽  
R. C. Barnabe ◽  
P. Goes ◽  
E. G. A. Perez ◽  
J. D. A. Losano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Tropical Conditions

Bos taurus bulls, when raised under tropical conditions, are highly susceptible to heat stress, which leads to impaired semen quality, leading to significant economical losses because, in these regions, the reproductive mounting season occurs mainly during the summer. Previous studies have indicated that oxidative stress (i.e. attack by reactive oxygen species) may be the main mechanism of sperm damage in such conditions. Therefore, treatment with antioxidants may be an important alternative to improve semen quality in heat-stressed B. taurus bulls. The objective of the present study was to evaluate whether the treatment with vitamin E, an important antioxidant, could improve sperm quality in insulated bulls. Towards this aim, eight adult Holstein bulls were submitted for semen collection, and the sperm was submitted for motility evaluation by computer-assisted sperm analysis (Ivos, Hamilton Thorne Inc., Beverly, MA, USA), examination of membrane and acrosomal integrity (eosin/nigrosin and fast green/bengal rose stain, respectively), mitochondrial activity (diaminobenzidine stain; full mitochondrial activity or no mitochondrial activity), and sperm susceptibility to oxidative stress (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances). Bulls were then insulated (testicles covered in a thermal bag for 3 days) and randomly assigned to two treatment groups: no vitamin E (placebo) and vitamin E (subcutaneous injection of 3000 IU of α-tocopherol each of 10 days). Subsequent semen analysis was performed 1 and 60 days after the insulation. Statistical analysis was performed with SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA) repeated-measures ANOVA, and significance of P < 0.05 was adopted. No differences were found on any of the variables before insulation. One day after insulation, animals treated with vitamin E showed a lower percentage of static sperm and a higher percentage of motile sperm when compared with animals treated with the placebo (28 and 63% v. 56 and 34%, respectively; P < 0.05). Also at this time, sperm susceptibility to oxidative stress was lower in animals treated with vitamin E (vitamin E: 410 ng/106 sperm; no vitamin E: 1760 ng/106 sperm; P < 0.05). Sixty days after insulation, sperm susceptibility to oxidative stress was still lower in animals treated with vitamin E when compared with the placebo group (1176 and 192 ng/106 sperm, respectively; P < 0.05). However, no differences were found on the other variables. Results indicate that vitamin E, an antioxidant whose main function is protection of the plasma membrane, may be an alternative to avoid the acute deleterious effects of the heat stress in B. taurus bulls raised under tropical conditions. In addition, even with no heat stress involved, vitamin E treatment may provide constant protection, increasing the resistance of the sperm against the reactive oxygen species.

93 EFFECT OF ANTIOXIDANTS SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE QUALITY OF CRYOPRESERVED SPERM OF DOGS

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
C. A. B. Sobrinho ◽  
M. Nichi ◽  
P. A. A. Góes ◽  
A. Dalmazzo ◽  
S. E. Crusco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Intact Membrane

One of the main causes of poor quality of frozen–thawed dog sperm is oxidative stress (i.e. higher production of reactive oxygen species not compensated by improved antioxidant protection). This event is known to impair sperm functionality by attacking plasma membrane, acrosome, mitochondria, and DNA. Spermatozoa are particularly susceptible the oxidative stress, mainly due to the reduced cytoplasm and the high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the membrane, which allows the spermatozoa to be motile and confers a higher resistance against the damages caused by cryopreservation, but makes the sperm more susceptible to the attack of the reactive oxygen species (ROS). The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of antioxidant supplementation on semen extender (Tris-egg yolk-citrate-glicerol) with glutathione (GSH) and vitamin E on the quality of cryopreserved dog sperm. Ejaculates of 12 dogs were divided in pools of 3 ejaculates with at least 70% of motility. Each pool was diluted with 7 different extenders for treatment groups as follows: control, vitamin E (1, 5, and 10 mM), and reduced glutathione (GSH; 1, 5, and 10 mM) and submitted to cryopreservation. Samples were thawed (37°C/30′) and evaluated for motility, vigor, percentage of sperm showing intact membrane (eosin/nigrosin), and acrosome (simple stain fast-green and bengal rose), mitochondrial activity (3–3′-diaminobenzidine-DAB), and sperm susceptibility to oxidative stress (TBARS). Statistical analyses were performed using the SAS system for Windows (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA; least significant differences test and Spearman correlation; P < 0.05). Samples treated with 1 mM of GSH showed a higher percentage of sperm with intact membrane when compared with the control (11.21 ± 2.84 and 6.21 ± 1.16%, respectively; P < 0.05). On the other hand, treatment with 5 mM of GSH showed better results regarding mitochondrial activity. Vitamin E supplementation also played a protective role on mitochondrial activity; samples treated with 1 mM showed a lower percentage of DAB III sperm (cells with severely compromised mitochondrial activity) when compared with the control group (5.61 ± 0.7 and 8.62 ± 1.05%, respectively; P < 0.05). Both vitamin E and GSH are important non-enzymatic antioxidants responsible for the destruction of the hydroxyl radical. Despite the positive influence of these antioxidants on mitochondrial status, no effect was found on the other variables studied. These results indicate that the action of both antioxidants in dog sperm would be mainly intracellular. Furthermore, other ROS could be responsible for the other damages caused by cryopreservation on the other sperm functionalities (i.e. membrane, acrosome, DNA, oxidative status). Therefore, the use of a combination of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants could be an alternative to overcome the deleterious influence of oxidative stress in cryopreserved semen of dogs. The authors thank the Brazilian army for the dogs used in this study.

scholarly journals Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) attenuates oxidative stress induction in erythrocytes of sickle cell disease patients

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 659-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Emmer Ferreira Furman ◽  
Railson Henneberg ◽  
Priscila Bacarin Hermann ◽  
Maria Suely Soares Leonart ◽  
Aguinaldo José do Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Egb 761 ◽  
Cell Disease

Sickle cell disease promotes hemolytic anemia and occlusion of small blood vessels due to the presence of high concentrations of hemoglobin S, resulting in increased production of reactive oxygen species and decreased antioxidant defense capacity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective action of a standardized extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGb 761), selected due to its high content of flavonoids and terpenoids, in erythrocytes of patients with sickle cell anemia (HbSS, SS erythrocytes) subjected to oxidative stress using tert-butylhydroperoxide or 2,2-azobis-(amidinepropane)-dihydrochloride, in vitro. Hemolysis indexes, reduced glutathione, methemoglobin concentrations, lipid peroxidation, and intracellular reactive oxygen species were determined. SS erythrocytes displayed increased rates of oxidation of hemoglobin and membrane lipid peroxidation compared to normal erythrocytes (HbAA, AA erythrocytes), and the concentration of EGb 761 necessary to achieve the same antioxidant effect in SS erythrocytes was at least two times higher than in normal ones, inhibiting the formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (IC50 of 13.6 µg/mL), partially preventing lipid peroxidation (IC50 of 242.5 µg/mL) and preventing hemolysis (IC50 of 10.5 µg/mL). Thus, EGb 761 has a beneficial effect on the oxidative status of SS erythrocytes. Moreover, EGb 761 failed to prevent oxidation of hemoglobin and reduced glutathione at the concentrations examined.

scholarly journals Redox Regulation and Oxidative Stress: The Particular Case of the Stallion Spermatozoa

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando J. Peña ◽  
Cristian O’Flaherty ◽  
José M. Ortiz Rodríguez ◽  
Francisco E. Martín Cano ◽  
Gemma L. Gaitskell-Phillips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Redox Regulation ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Redox Biology ◽  
Major Interest ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Redox regulation and oxidative stress have become areas of major interest in spermatology. Alteration of redox homeostasis is recognized as a significant cause of male factor infertility and is behind the damage that spermatozoa experience after freezing and thawing or conservation in a liquid state. While for a long time, oxidative stress was just considered an overproduction of reactive oxygen species, nowadays it is considered as a consequence of redox deregulation. Many essential aspects of spermatozoa functionality are redox regulated, with reversible oxidation of thiols in cysteine residues of key proteins acting as an “on–off” switch controlling sperm function. However, if deregulation occurs, these residues may experience irreversible oxidation and oxidative stress, leading to malfunction and ultimately death of the spermatozoa. Stallion spermatozoa are “professional producers” of reactive oxygen species due to their intense mitochondrial activity, and thus sophisticated systems to control redox homeostasis are also characteristic of the spermatozoa in the horse. As a result, and combined with the fact that embryos can easily be collected in this species, horses are a good model for the study of redox biology in the spermatozoa and its impact on the embryo.

Magnesium deficiency augments myocardial response to reactive oxygen species

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 617-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Manju ◽  
R. Renuka Nair
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Inotropic Response ◽  
Mg Deficiency ◽  
Negative Inotropic Response

Magnesium (Mg) deficiency and oxidative stress are independently implicated in the etiopathogenesis of various cardiovascular disorders. This study was undertaken to examine the hypothesis that Mg deficiency augments the myocardial response to oxidative stress. Electrically stimulated rat papillary muscle was used for recording the contractile variation. Biochemical variables of energy metabolism (adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and creatine phosphate) and markers of tissue injury (lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and lipidperoxidation), which can affect myocardial contractility, were assayed in Langendorff-perfused rat hearts. Hydrogen peroxide (100 µmol/L) was used as the source of reactive oxygen species. The negative inotropic response to H2O2 was significantly higher in Mg deficiency (0.48 mmol Mg/L) than in Mg sufficiency (1.2 mmol Mg/L). Low Mg levels did not affect ATP levels or tissue lipid peroxidation. However, H2O2 induced a decrease in ATP; enhanced lipid peroxidation and the release of LDH were augmented by Mg deficiency. Increased lipid peroxidation associated with a decrease in available energy might be responsible for the augmentation of the negative inotropic response to H2O2 in Mg deficiency. The observations from this study validate the hypothesis that myocardial response to oxidative stress is augmented by Mg deficiency. This observation has significance in ischemia–reperfusion injury, where Mg deficiency can have an additive effect on the debilitating consequences.

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