scholarly journals Resveratrol in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Behavioral and Molecular Effects

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Malaguarnera ◽  
Haroon Khan ◽  
Omar Cauli
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Immune Alteration ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Behavioral Abnormalities ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Core Symptoms ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Resveratrol (RSV) is a polyphenolic stillbenoid with significant anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties recently tested in animal models of several neurological diseases. Altered immune alteration and oxidative stress have also been found in patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and these alterations could add to the pathophysiology associated with ASD. We reviewed the current evidence about the effects of RSV administration in animal models and in patients with ASD. RSV administration improves the core-symptoms (social impairment and stereotyped activity) in animal models and it also displays beneficial effects in other behavioral abnormalities such as hyperactivity, anxiety and cognitive function. The molecular mechanisms by which RSV restores or improves behavioral abnormalities in animal models encompass both normalization of central and peripheral immune alteration and oxidative stress markers and new molecular mechanisms such as expression of cortical gamma-amino butyric acid neurons, certain type of miRNAs that regulate spine growth. One randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial (RCT) suggested that RSV add-on risperidone therapy improves comorbid hyperactivity/non-compliance, whereas no effects where seen in core symptoms of ASD No RCTs about the effect of RSV as monotherapy have been performed and the results from preclinical studies encourage its feasibility. Further clinical trials should also identify those ASD patients with immune alterations and/or with increased oxidative stress markers that would likely benefit from RSV administration.

scholarly journals Sympathetic, Metabolic Adaptations, and Oxidative Stress in Autism Spectrum Disorders: How Far From Physiology?

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonietta Messina ◽  
Vincenzo Monda ◽  
Francesco Sessa ◽  
Anna Valenzano ◽  
Monica Salerno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Metabolic Adaptations ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

scholarly journals The Gut Microbiota and Oxidative Stress in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Tingting Hu ◽  
Yinmiao Dong ◽  
Caixia He ◽  
Mingyi Zhao ◽  
Qingnan He
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Autistic Children ◽  
Early Assessment ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a kind of neurodevelopmental disorder with rapidly increasing morbidity. In recent years, many studies have proposed a possible link between ASD and multiple environmental as well as genetic risk factors; nevertheless, recent studies have still failed to identify the specific pathogenesis. An analysis of the literature showed that oxidative stress and redox imbalance caused by high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are thought to be integral parts of ASD pathophysiology. On the one hand, this review aims to elucidate the communications between oxidative stress, as a risk factor, and ASD. As such, there is also evidence to suggest that early assessment and treatment of antioxidant status are likely to result in improved long-term prognosis by disturbing oxidative stress in the brain to avoid additional irreversible brain damage. Accordingly, we will also discuss the possibility of novel therapies regarding oxidative stress as a target according to recent literature. On the other hand, this review suggests a definite relationship between ASD and an unbalanced gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiota (i.e., GIT dysbiosis). A variety of studies have concluded that the intestinal microbiota influences many aspects of human health, including metabolism, the immune and nervous systems, and the mucosal barrier. Additionally, the oxidative stress and GIT dysfunction in autistic children have both been reported to be related to mitochondrial dysfunction. What is the connection between them? Moreover, specific changes in the GIT microbiota are clearly observed in most autistic children, and the related mechanisms and the connection among ASD, the GIT microbiota, and oxidative stress are also discussed, providing a theory and molecular strategies for clinical practice as well as further studies.

Oxidative Stress Markers in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

2012 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. S21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Elena Gonzalez-Fraguela ◽  
Mei-Li Diaz Hung ◽  
Hector Vera ◽  
Maria Robinson ◽  
Carmem Gottfried
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Disorder-specific alterations of tactile sensitivity in neurodevelopmental disorders

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason He ◽  
Ericka Wodka ◽  
Mark Tommerdahl ◽  
Richard Edden ◽  
Mark Mikkelsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
The Core ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Tactile Detection ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Sensory Processes ◽  
Core Symptoms

Alterations of tactile processing have long been identified in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the extent to which these alterations are disorder-specific, rather than disorder-general, and how they relate to the core symptoms of each disorder, remains unclear. We measured and compared tactile detection, discrimination and order judgment thresholds between a large sample of children with ASD, ADHD, ASD + ADHD combined and typically developing controls. The pattern of results suggested that while difficulties with tactile detection and order judgement were more common in children with ADHD, difficulties with tactile discrimination were more common in children with ASD. Strikingly, subsequent correlation analyses found that the disorder-specific alterations suggested by the group comparisons were also exclusively related to the core symptoms of each respective disorder. These results suggest that disorder-specific alterations of lower-level sensory processes exist and are specifically related to higher-level clinical symptoms of each disorder.

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