scholarly journals Ancillary Services Offered by Distributed Renewable Energy Sources at the Distribution Grid Level: An Attempt at Proper Definition and Quantification

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 7106
Author(s):  
Charis S. Demoulias ◽  
Kyriaki-Nefeli D. Malamaki ◽  
Spyros Gkavanoudis ◽  
Juan Manuel Mauricio ◽  
Georgios C. Kryonidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
Ancillary Services ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Distribution Grid ◽  
Support Functions

The gradual displacement of synchronous generators driven by conventional power plants, due to the increasing penetration of distributed renewable energy sources (DRES) in distribution grids, is creating a shortage of crucial ancillary services (AS) which are vital for the frequency and voltage stability of the grid. These AS, and some new ones, could now be offered by the DRES, particularly those that are converter interfaced, in a coordinated way in order to preserve the grid stability and resilience. Although recent standards and grid codes specify that the DRES exhibit some system support functions, there are no specifications on how to measure and quantify (M & Q) them both at DRES level and in aggregated form. The M & Q of AS is crucial, since it would allow the AS to be treated as tradable AS in the current and future AS markets. This paper attempts to define a number of AS that can be offered by converter-interfaced DRES and suggests methods for their M & Q. The new AS addressed are: (1) inertial response; (2) primary frequency response; (3) active power smoothing (ramp-rate limitation); (4) exchange of reactive power for voltage regulation; (5) fault-ride-through (FRT) and contribution to fault clearing; (6) voltage harmonic mitigation. Additionally, a rough estimation of the additional investment and operational cost, as well as the financial benefits associated with each AS is provided in order to form the basis for the development of business models around each AS in the near future.

scholarly journals A Study on the V2G Technology Incorporation in a DC Nanogrid and on the Provision of Voltage Regulation to the Power Grid

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2655
Author(s):  
Ioannis Skouros ◽  
Athanasios Karlis
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Distribution Grid ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
The Impact

Currently, environmental and climate change issues raise a lot of concerns related to conventional vehicles and renewable energy generation methods. Thus, more and more researchers around the world focus on the development and deployment of Renewable Energy Sources (RES). Additionally, due to the technological advancements in power electronics and electrical batteries, Electrical Vehicles (EVs) are becoming more and more popular. In addition, according to the Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) operation, the EV batteries can provide electrical energy to the power grid. In this way, many ancillary services can be provided. A Direct Current (DC) nanogrid can be composed by combining the aforementioned technologies. Nanogrids present high efficiency and provide a simple interaction with renewable energy sources and energy storage devices. Firstly, the present study describes the design considerations of a DC nanogrid as well as the control strategies that have to be applied in order to make the V2G operation feasible. Furthermore, the provision of voltage regulation toward the power grid is investigated though the bidirectional transfer of active and reactive power between the DC nanogrid and the power grid. Afterwards, the voltage regulation techniques are applied in an Alternating Current (AC) radial distribution grid are investigated. The proposed system is simulated in Matlab/Simulink software and though the simulation scenarios the impact of the voltage regulation provided by the DC nanogrid is investigated.

scholarly journals Automatic Synchronverter: Inverter Lacking a Devoted Synchronization Unit

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.25) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
S Manoj ◽  
S Pradeep Kumar ◽  
N Ashok Babu
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Frequency Regulation ◽  
Reference Frequency ◽  
Ac Converters ◽  
Synchronization Unit

The design of self-synchronized synchronverter is made by removing the keen synchronization unit. Synchronization with the grid takes place before connection and it will track the grid frequency after connection. Like the original synchronverter it functions in various modes to deliver the grid frequency as the reference frequency. The functions of frequency regulation, voltage regulation, real and reactive power control are maintained. Moreover, it can share the real power and reactive power accurately. Distributed energy sources delivers the major contribution to the power system operation. Generally the renewable sources are non-linear and uncontainable. Majority of renewable energy sources were associated to power systems through dc/ac converters. For this kind of application synchronizing the inverter with the grid is necessary before and after the connections to be made. It is one of the biggest challenges. So synchronverter is designed to deliver a scheme for power systems to regulate the renewable energy connected to the grid and enables smart grid integration. 

scholarly journals Distribution Grid Energy Flexibility: The Ebalance-Plus Technologies Developed for the University of Calabria Demo Site

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Anna Pinnarelli ◽  
Daniele Menniti ◽  
Nicola Sorrentino ◽  
Juan Jacobo Peralta Escalante ◽  
Maurizio Vizza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electric Power System ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Distribution Grid ◽  
New Business ◽  
The University ◽  
New Business Models

The integration of renewable energy sources is one of the principal issues of the electric power system. The ebalance-plus project to achieve this goal will implement and test a management energy platform and new business models. Such solutions will be tested in four demo sites located in Spain, Denmark, France, and Italy. The Italian demo site is considered in this paper. After the first part, in which the configuration of the Italian demo site is described, the technological solutions implemented to provide energy flexibility are listed.

scholarly journals Ancillary Services Market Design in Distribution Networks: Review and Identification of Barriers

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Oureilidis ◽  
Kyriaki-Nefeli Malamaki ◽  
Konstantinos Gallos ◽  
Achilleas Tsitsimelis ◽  
Christos Dikaiakos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Markets ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Ancillary Services ◽  
Distribution Grid ◽  
Specific System ◽  
Support Functions ◽  
Grid Level

The high proliferation of converter-dominated Distributed Renewable Energy Sources (DRESs) at the distribution grid level has gradually replaced the conventional synchronous generators (SGs) of the transmission system, resulting in emerging stability and security challenges. The inherent characteristics of the SGs are currently used for providing ancillary services (ASs), following the instructions of the Transmission System Operator, while the DRESs are obliged to offer specific system support functions, without being remunerated for these functions, but only for the energy they inject. This changing environment has prompted the integration of energy storage systems as a solution for transfusing new characteristics and elaborating their business in the electricity markets, while the smart grid infrastructure and the upcoming microgrid architectures contribute to the transformation of the distribution grid. This review investigates the existing ASs in transmission system with the respective markets (emphasizing the DRESs’ participation in these markets) and proposes new ASs at distribution grid level, with emphasis to inertial response, active power ramp rate control, frequency response, voltage regulation, fault contribution and harmonic mitigation. The market tools and mechanisms for the procurement of these ASs are presented evolving the existing role of the Operators. Finally, potential barriers in the technical, regulatory, and financial framework have been identified and analyzed.

scholarly journals Analyzing Trade in Continuous Intra-Day Electricity Market: An Agent-Based Modeling Approach

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3860
Author(s):  
Priyanka Shinde ◽  
Ioannis Boukas ◽  
David Radu ◽  
Miguel Manuel de Manuel de Villena ◽  
Mikael Amelin
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Market Liquidity ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Agent Based

In recent years, the vast penetration of renewable energy sources has introduced a large degree of uncertainty into the power system, thus leading to increased trading activity in the continuous intra-day electricity market. In this paper, we propose an agent-based modeling framework to analyze the behavior and the interactions between renewable energy sources, consumers and thermal power plants in the European Continuous Intra-day (CID) market. Additionally, we propose a novel adaptive trading strategy that can be used by the agents that participate in CID market. The agents learn how to adapt their behavior according to the arrival of new information and how to react to changing market conditions by updating their willingness to trade. A comparative analysis was performed to study the behavior of agents when they adopt the proposed strategy as opposed to other benchmark strategies. The effects of unexpected outages and information asymmetry on the market evolution and the market liquidity were also investigated.

Operation and control of a stand-alone power system with integrated multiple renewable energy sources

2021 ◽  
pp. 0309524X2110241
Author(s):  
Nindra Sekhar ◽  
Natarajan Kumaresan
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Power Requirement ◽  
Squirrel Cage ◽  
Hysteresis Controller ◽  
Squirrel Cage Induction Generator ◽  
And Control

To overcome the difficulties of extending the main power grid to isolated locations, this paper proposes the local installation of a combination of three renewable energy sources, namely, a wind driven DFIG, a solar PV unit, a biogas driven squirrel-cage induction generator (SCIG), and an energy storage battery system. In this configuration one bi-directional SPWM inverter at the rotor side of the DFIG controls the voltage and frequency, to maintain them constant on its stator side, which feeds the load. The PV-battery also supplies the load, through another inverter and a hysteresis controller. Appropriately adding a capacitor bank and a DSTATCOM has also been considered, to share the reactive power requirement of the system. Performance of various modes of operation of this coordinated scheme has been studied through simulation. All the results and relevant waveforms are presented and discussed to validate the successful working of the proposed system.

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