scholarly journals Prediction of Neural Space Narrowing and Soft Tissue Injury of the Cervical Spine Concerning Head Restraint Arrangements in Traffic Collisions

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Othman Laban ◽  
Elsadig Mahdi ◽  
John-John Cabibihan

Common quantitative assessments of neck injury criteria do not predict anatomical neck injuries and lack direct relations to design parameters of whiplash-protection systems. This study aims to provide insights into potential soft tissue-level injury sites based on the interactions developed in-between different anatomical structures in case of a rear-end collision. A detailed finite element human model has exhibited an excellent biofidelity when validated against volunteer impacts. Three head restraint arrangements were simulated, predicting both the kinematic response and the anatomical pain source at each arrangement. Head restraint’s contribution has reduced neck shear and head kinematics by at least 70 percent, minimized pressure gradients acting on ganglia and nerve roots less than half. Posterior column ligaments were the most load-bearing components, followed by the lower intervertebral discs and upper capsular ligaments. Sprain of the interspinous ligamentum flavum at early stages has caused instability in the craniovertebral structure causing its discs and facet joints to be elevated compressive loads. Excessive hyperextension motion, which occurred in the absence of the head restraint, has promoted a stable avulsion teardrop fracture of the fourth vertebral body’s anteroinferior aspect and rupture the anterior longitudinal ligament. The observed neck injuries can be mathematically related to head–torso relative kinematics. These relations will lead to the development of a comprehensive neck injury criterion that can predict the injury level. This, in turn, will impose a significant impact on the design processes of vehicle anti-whiplash safety equipment.

2020 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
David W. Chou ◽  
Rijul Kshirsagar ◽  
Jonathan Liang

Objective: We describe the incidence and characteristics of patients with head and neck injuries from rock climbing who present to United States emergency departments and evaluate predictors of hospitalization. Methods: The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) database was queried for rock climbing injuries to the head, face, mouth, neck, and ear under product code “mountain climbing” from the years 2009 to 2018. Demographics, injury characteristics, and disposition data were reviewed. Data were evaluated using chi-square analysis with Cochran-Mantel-Haenszal odds ratios (ORs). Results: An estimated 5067 patients (from 129 raw NEISS case numbers) suffered head and neck injuries from rock climbing nationally from 2009 to 2018. Concussion/closed head injury was the most common injury (44%), followed by laceration (23%), soft tissue injury (15%), neck strain/sprain (6%), skull fracture (3%), facial fracture (3%), intracranial hemorrhage (3%), cervical spine fracture (2%), unspecified facial trauma (1%), and dental trauma (0.3%). Males more frequently suffered lacerations (OR 1.6), soft tissue injuries (OR 23.3), cervical spine fractures (OR 336.7), intracranial hemorrhage (OR 582.0), and skull fractures (OR 6.2) than females. Compared to shorter falls, falls over 20 ft were more commonly associated with laceration (OR 2.0), soft tissue injury (OR 3.5), facial fracture (OR 7.5), dental trauma (OR 6.6), intracranial hemorrhage (OR 951.8), skull fracture (OR 81.2), and hospitalization (OR 3.8). Injuries associated with hospitalization included facial fracture (OR 23.7), cervical spine fracture (OR 24.6), intracranial hemorrhage (OR 2210.2), and skull fracture (OR 9.8). Conclusions: Concussions and facial lacerations are the most common head and neck injuries from rock climbing. Males more commonly suffer severe injuries. Falls over 20 ft are associated with more severe injuries and an increased likelihood of hospitalization.


1987 ◽  
Vol 148 (2) ◽  
pp. 458-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
DR Pennes ◽  
WA Phillips

1994 ◽  
Vol 83 (11) ◽  
pp. 1218-1219 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Sharief ◽  
C. Goonasekera

Burns ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 1158-1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chai Jia-ke ◽  
Li Li-gen ◽  
Gao Quan-wen ◽  
Shen Xiao-peng ◽  
Zhang Hai-jun ◽  
...  

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 793-793
Author(s):  
◽  
Fernando Atienza ◽  
Calvin Sia

Skateboard-riding has become increasingly popular among Hawaii's children. The thrill of the ride and the challenge of keeping one's balance and working intricate maneuvers while speeding down a hill captures the fancy of many of our young. This sport, however, has produced an alarmingly high toll of injury and illness. Pediatricians and emergency departments of our major hospitals have seen and taken care of large numbers of patients (aged between 3 years and 35 years, but with a distribution overwhelmingly pediatric) with significant injuries which include cerebral concussion, fractures, soft tissue injuries of varying degrees of severity and complications, and injury to internal organs. During a three-month period at the Kauikeolani Children's Hospital, July to August 1975, there were 16 patients admitted with the following: seven cerebral concussions, one skull fracture, five assorted bone fractures, one soft tissue injury and infection, one retroperitoneal hemorrhage, and one instance of major surgery for removal of the spleen. During the months of August and September 1975 the Emergency Department of Straub Clinic reported the following skateboard injuries: 14 fractures, 14 soft tissue injuries, 5 lacerations, and 2 cerebral concussions. Of the 35 patients seen, three were admitted—one with an open fracture, one with cerebral concussion, and one with a skull fracture. During a four-week period (two weeks in June and July and two weeks in August and September) at the Emergency Department of Kaiser Medical Center, 66 cases of skateboard injuries were seen with six patients requiring admission for fractures and brain concussion.


Author(s):  
Oneida A. Arosarena ◽  
Issam N. Eid

AbstractSoft tissue trauma to the face is challenging to manage due to functional and aesthetic concerns. Management requires careful regional considerations to maintain function such as visual fields and oral competence in periorbital and perioral injuries, respectively. Basic wound management principles apply to facial soft tissue injuries including copious irrigation and tension-free closure. There is no consensus and high-level evidence for antibiotic prophylaxis especially in various bite injuries. Ballistic injuries and other mechanisms are briefly reviewed. Scar revision for soft tissue injuries can require multiple procedures and interventions. Surgery as well as office procedures such as resurfacing with lasers can be employed and will be reviewed.


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