scholarly journals Effects of Air Route Alternation and Display Design on an Operator’s Situation Awareness, Task Performance and Mental Workload in Simulated Flight Tasks

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5745
Author(s):  
Hao Chen ◽  
Liping Pang ◽  
Xiaoru Wanyan ◽  
Shuang Liu ◽  
Yufeng Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Unexpected Events ◽  
Display Design ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Open Window ◽  
Information Salience ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
And Task

Air route alternation caused by unexpected events in abnormal or emergency situations often produces adverse consequences on an operator’s cognition and behavior in flight tasks. Under such a circumstance, it is especially necessary to examine the utility of the interaction displays usually designed based on the routine environment. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of air route alternation and display design on operators’ situation awareness (SA), task performance and mental workload during simulated flight tasks. Twenty-four participants attended an experiment where they were instructed to perform simulated flight tasks with three types of display designs in both air-route-as-planned and air-route-altered conditions. Subjective measures, behavioral measures and eye movement measures were adopted to assess the participants’ SA, task performance and mental workload. The results show that unexpected air route alternation increases mental workload as well as deteriorates the SA and task performance due to the gap between attention resource demand and supply. Reducing the demand of the operator’s attention resource should be the focus when coping with unexpected events in abnormal situations. In addition, reasonable information layout, such as a center-layout design of the critical decision-making information, is more important than information salience for improving the SA and task performance in abnormal situations. Nevertheless, indicators with a high-salience design, such as a more open window design and immersive design, are still worth recommending.

Value From Regulatory Fit

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Tory Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Goal Orientation ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Regulatory Fit ◽  
Pain Experiences ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
And Task

Where does value come from? I propose a new answer to this classic question. People experience regulatory fit when the manner of their engagement in an activity sustains their goal orientation or interests regarding that activity. When there is fit, people engage more strongly in what they are doing and “feel right” about it. Fit influences the strength of value experiences—how good or how bad one feels about something—independently of the pleasure and pain experiences that are associated with outcomes. It uniquely contributes to people's experience of the value of things. Fit is shown to influence judgments and decision making, attitude and behavior change, and task performance.

scholarly journals Reliability of instruments that measure situation awareness, team performance and task performance in a simulation setting with medical students

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e029412
Author(s):  
Magnus Hultin ◽  
Karin Jonsson ◽  
Maria Härgestam ◽  
Marie Lindkvist ◽  
Christine Brulin
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Team Performance ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Global Assessment ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Training Centre ◽  
Assessment Technique ◽  
And Task

ObjectivesThe assessment of situation awareness (SA), team performance and task performance in a simulation training session requires reliable and feasible measurement techniques. The objectives of this study were to test the Airways–Breathing–Circulation–Disability–Exposure (ABCDE) checklist and the Team Emergency Assessment Measure (TEAM) for inter-rater reliability, as well as the application of Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique (SAGAT) for feasibility and internal consistency.DesignMethodological approach.SettingData collection during team training using full-scale simulation at a university clinical training centre. The video-recorded scenarios were rated independently by four raters.Participants55 medical students aged 22–40 years in their fourth year of medical studies, during the clerkship in anaesthesiology and critical care medicine, formed 23 different teams. All students answered the SAGAT questionnaires, and of these students, 24 answered the follow-up postsimulation questionnaire (PSQ). TEAM and ABCDE were scored by four professionals.MeasuresThe ABCDE and TEAM were tested for inter-rater reliability. The feasibility of SAGAT was tested using PSQ. SAGAT was tested for internal consistency both at an individual level (SAGAT) and a team level (Team Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique (TSAGAT)).ResultsThe intraclass correlation was 0.54/0.83 (single/average measurements) for TEAM and 0.55/0.83 for ABCDE. According to the PSQ, the items in SAGAT were rated as relevant to the scenario by 96% of the participants. Cronbach’s alpha for SAGAT/TSAGAT for the two scenarios was 0.80/0.83 vs 0.62/0.76, and normed χ² was 1.72 vs 1.62.ConclusionTask performance, team performance and SA could be purposefully measured, and the reliability of the measurements was good.

scholarly journals The effect of interactive analytical dashboard features on situation awareness and task performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 113322
Author(s):  
Mario Nadj ◽  
Alexander Maedche ◽  
Christian Schieder
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
And Task

The Benefits and Costs of Low and High Degree of Automation

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 874-896
Author(s):  
Monica Tatasciore ◽  
Vanessa K. Bowden ◽  
Troy A. W. Visser ◽  
Steph I. C. Michailovs ◽  
Shayne Loft
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Information Acquisition ◽  
Manual Control ◽  
Track Management ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Benefits And Costs ◽  
Manual Performance

Objective The objective of this study is to examine the effects of low and high degree of automation (DOA) on performance, subjective workload, situation awareness (SA), and return-to-manual control in simulated submarine track management. Background Theory and meta-analytic evidence suggest that as DOA increases, operator performance improves and workload decreases, but SA and return-to-manual control declines. Research also suggests that operators have particular difficulty regaining manual control if automation provides incorrect advice. Method Undergraduate student participants completed a submarine track management task that required them to track the position and behavior of contacts. Low DOA supported information acquisition and analysis, whereas high DOA recommended decisions. At a late stage in the task, automation was either unexpectedly removed or provided incorrect advice. Results Relative to no automation, low DOA moderately benefited performance but impaired SA and non-automated task performance. Relative to no automation and low DOA, high DOA benefited performance and lowered workload. High DOA did impair non-automated task performance compared with no automation, but this was equivalent to low DOA. Participants were able to return-to-manual control when they knew low or high DOA was disengaged, or when high DOA provided incorrect advice. Conclusion High DOA improved performance and lowered workload, at no additional cost to SA or return-to-manual performance when compared with low DOA. Application Designers should consider the likely level of uncertainty in the environment and the consequences of return-to-manual deficits before implementing low or high DOA.

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