scholarly journals Multihop Latency Model for Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Interfering Nodes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 8790
Author(s):  
José Vera-Pérez ◽  
Javier Silvestre-Blanes ◽  
Víctor Sempere-Payá ◽  
David Cuesta-Frau
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Lossy Networks ◽  
Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Ieee 802.15.4E

Emerging Industry 4.0 applications require ever-increasing amounts of data and new sources of information to more accurately characterize the different processes of a production line. Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) technologies, and in particular Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), allow a large amount of data to be digitized at a low energy cost, thanks to their easy scalability and the creation of meshed networks to cover larger areas. In industry, data acquisition systems must meet certain reliability and robustness requirements, since other systems such as predictive maintenance or the digital twin, which represents a virtual mapping of the system with which to interact without the need to alter the actual installation, may depend on it. Thanks to the IEEE 802.15.4e standard and the use of Time-Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) as the medium access mechanism and IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) as the routing protocol, it is possible to deploy WSNs with high reliability, autonomy, and minimal need for re-configuration. One of the drawbacks of this communication architecture is the low efficiency of its deployment process, during which it may take a long time to synchronize and connect all the devices in a network. This paper proposes an analytical model to characterize the process for the creation of downstream routes in RPL, whose transmission of multi-hop messages can present complications in scenarios with a multitude of interfering nodes and resource allocation based on minimal IPv6 over the TSCH mode of IEEE 802.15.4e (6TiSCH). This type of multi-hop message exchange has a different behaviour than the multicast control messages exchanged during the synchronization phase and the formation of upstream routes, since the number of interfering nodes changes in each retransmission.

scholarly journals TSCH and RPL Joining Time Model for Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3904
Author(s):  
Jose Vera-Pérez ◽  
Javier Silvestre-Blanes ◽  
Víctor Sempere-Payá
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Lossy Networks ◽  
Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Time Model ◽  
Industrial Internet ◽  
Channel Hopping ◽  
Definition Of

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) play a key role in the ecosystem of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and the definition of today’s Industry 4.0. These WSNs have the ability to sensor large amounts of data, thanks to their easy scalability. WSNs allow the deployment of a large number of self-configuring nodes and the ability to automatically reorganize in case of any change in the topology. This huge sensorization capacity, together with its interoperability with IP-based networks, allows the systems of Industry 4.0 to be equipped with a powerful tool with which to digitalize a huge amount of variables in the different industrial processes. The IEEE 802.15.4e standard, together with the access mechanism to the Time Slotted Channel Hopping medium (TSCH) and the dynamic Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL), allow deployment of networks with the high levels of robustness and reliability necessary in industrial scenarios. However, these configurations have some disadvantages in the deployment and synchronization phases of the networks, since the time it takes to synchronize the nodes is penalized compared to other solutions in which access to the medium is done randomly and without channel hopping. This article proposes an analytical model to characterize the behavior of this type of network, based on TSCH and RPL during the phases of deployment along with synchronization and connection to the RPL network. Through this model, validated by simulation and real tests, it is possible to parameterize different configurations of a WSN network based on TSCH and RPL.

scholarly journals Entropy based routing for mobile, low power and lossy wireless sensors networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 155014771986613
Author(s):  
Celso Carvalho ◽  
Edjair Mota ◽  
Eric Ferraz ◽  
Paulo Seixas ◽  
Paulo Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Packet Loss ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Lossy Networks ◽  
Simulation Results

Routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks is a routing solution specifically developed for wireless sensor networks, which does not quickly rebuild topology of mobile networks. In this article, we propose a mechanism based on mobility entropy and integrate it into the corona RPL (CoRPL) mechanism, which is an extension of the IPv6 routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks (RPL). We extensively evaluated our proposal with a simulator for Internet of Things and wireless sensor networks. The mobility entropy-based mechanism, called CoRPL+E, considers the displacement of nodes as a deciding factor to define the links through which nodes communicate. Simulation results show that the proposed mechanism, when compared to CoRPL mechanism, is effective in reducing packet loss and latency in simulated mobile routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks. From the simulation results, one can see that the CoRPL+E proposal mechanism provides a packet loss reduction rate of up to 50% and delays reduction by up to 25% when compared to CoRPL mechanism.

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