scholarly journals Distributed Control Strategy for Smart Home Appliances Considering the Discrete Response Characteristics of the On/Off Loads

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 457 ◽  
Author(s):  
De-Yin Kong ◽  
Yu-Qing Bao ◽  
Ying-Yi Hong ◽  
Bei-Bei Wang ◽  
Hong-Bin Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Control ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Smart Home ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Consensus Algorithm ◽  
Centralized Control ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Fitting Method ◽  
Discrete Response ◽  
Smart Home Appliances

With the development of smart home technology, more and more electrical appliances can participate in demand response, providing support for active power balance of the power grid. However, the conventional centralized control method faces vast amounts of electrical appliances, resulting in problems such as communication congestion and dimension curse. This paper proposes a distributed control strategy for electrical appliances based on a multi-agent consensus algorithm. Considering the discrete response characteristics of the on/off loads, a priority ranking mechanism is established, and the customer cost function is established by a fitting method. Based on the incremental cost consensus (ICC) algorithm, the optimal power allocation of customers is realized through distributed control. Simulation and analysis of the examples verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.

scholarly journals Hierarchical Distributed Control Strategy for Electric Vehicle Mobile Energy Storage Clusters

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Wu ◽  
Yu-Qing Bao ◽  
Gang Chen ◽  
Jinlong Zhang ◽  
Beibei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power System ◽  
Distributed Control ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Consensus Algorithm ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Storage Unit

The stability problem of the power system becomes increasingly important for the penetration of renewable energy resources (RESs). The inclusion of electric vehicles (EVs) in a power system can not only promote the consumption of RESs, but also provide energy for the power grid if necessary. As a mobile energy storage unit (MESU), EVs should pay more attention to the service life of their batteries during operation. A hierarchical distributed control strategy was proposed in this paper for mobile energy storage clusters (MESCs) considering the life loss of each EV’s battery. This strategy was divided into a two-layer control structure. Firstly, numerous EVs were divided into different clusters according to their regional relationships. The lower layer adopted a distributed collaborative control approach for allocating energy among EVs in the cluster. Under this condition, an aggregate EVs response model was established and the characteristic of the MESC was analyzed. Secondly, the upper layer applied the multi-agent consensus algorithm to achieve the optimal allocation among different clusters. Therefore, the control strategy realized the two-way communication of energy between EVs and the power grid, and ensured the optimal economical dispatch for the mobile energy storage system (MESS). Finally, the simulation of testing examples verified the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.

scholarly journals A Fully Distributed Approach for Economic Dispatch Problem of Smart Grid

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Li ◽  
Yudong Wang ◽  
Jian Li ◽  
Shengxian Cao
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Economic Dispatch ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Consensus Algorithm ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Centralized Control ◽  
Distributed Approach ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
Economic Dispatch Problem

The cooperative, reliable and responsive characteristics make smart grid more popular than traditional power grid. However, with the extensive employment of smart grid concepts, the traditional centralized control methods expose a lot of shortcomings, such as communication congestion, computing complexity in central management systems, and so on. The distributed control method with flexible characteristics can meet the timeliness and effectiveness of information management in smart grid and ensure the information collection timely and the power dispatch economically. This article presents a decentralized approach based on multi agent system (MAS) for solving data collection and economic dispatch problem of smart grid. First, considering the generators and loads are distributed on many nodes in the space, a flooding-based consensus algorithm is proposed to achieve generator and load information for each agent. Then, a suitable distributed algorithm called λ-consensus is used for solving the economic dispatch problem, eventually, all generators can automatically minimize the total cost in a collective sense. Simulation results in standard test cases are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.

scholarly journals Low-Voltage Ride-Through Operation of Grid-Connected Microgrid Using Consensus-Based Distributed Control

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woon-Gyu Lee ◽  
Thai-Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Hyeong-Jun Yoo ◽  
Hak-Man Kim
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Control ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Consensus Algorithm ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Low Voltage Ride Through ◽  
Primary Layer ◽  
Secondary Layer

Since the penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) and energy storage systems (ESSs) into the microgrid (MG) system has increased significantly, the sudden disconnection of DERs and ESSs might affect the stability and reliability of the whole MG system. The low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) capability to maintain stable operation of the MG system should be considered. The main contribution of this study is to propose a distributed control, based on a dynamic consensus algorithm for LVRT operation of the MG system. The proposed control method is based on a hierarchical control that consists of primary and secondary layers. The primary layer is in charge of power regulation, while the secondary layer is responsible for the LVRT operation of the MG system. The droop controller is used in the primary layer to maintain power sharing among parallel-distributed generators in the MG system. The dynamic consensus algorithm is used in the secondary layer to control the accurate reactive power sharing and voltage restoration for LVRT operation. A comparison study on the proposed control method and centralized control method is presented in this study to show the effectiveness of the proposed controller. Different scenarios of communication failures are carried out to show the reliability of the proposed control method. The tested MG system and proposed controller are modeled in a MATLAB/Simulink environment to show the feasibility of the proposed control method.

scholarly journals Distributed Control Strategy of the Leader-Follower for Offshore Wind Farms under Fault Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang ◽  
Tang ◽  
Gao ◽  
Liu ◽  
Chen
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Control ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Single Machine ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Network Communication ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Centralized Control ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms

Because of the complexity and severity of the marine environment, the probability of failure of offshore wind farms is much higher than that of onshore wind farms. The original control might fail under a single-machine and the network communication faults of wind turbines. In this study, centralized control is replaced with distributed control, the leader-follower distributed control strategy under two types of fault conditions is proposed to reduce the adverse effect of failure on the system and improve the tolerance of the system. First, the single-machine system is expanded into a wind turbine cluster system model based on Hamiltonian energy theory. Then, a leader-follower distributed control strategy is proposed to ensure the stable operation of wind turbines under a single-machine fault of the leader or follower unit. Next, considering communication failure, the leader-follower control strategy in the weakly connected topology is designed to make the system and the active power output stable. Finally, the simulation results confirm that the leader-follower control strategy system can enhance the stability and reliability of the system in the case of a unit shut down and network communication faults.

A distributed control strategy of microgrid based on multi-agent consensus algorithm

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 785-806
Author(s):  
Yuting Tao ◽  
Ning Lu
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Control ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Consensus Algorithm ◽  
Droop Control ◽  
Good Convergence ◽  
Distributed Generators ◽  
Simulink Simulation ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
Integral Controller ◽  
Virtual Leader

In an islanded microgrid with distributed generators (DGs), on account of the influence of feeder impedance, load and other factors, it is difficult to dispatch output power reasonably by means of droop control, therefore the secondary control is employed to solve this problem. However, the convention methods may fail to achieve the expected effect. In this context, an improved distributed control strategy based on multi-agent consensus algorithm is proposed in this paper. A virtual leader is set to track the balance of power. Through the mutual communication between DGs, it can realize the flexible distribution of load power and has good convergence. By introducing the integral controller on the basis of conventional droop control, the droop curve can move adaptively to maintain frequency and voltage stable. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed scheme and the performance of anti-communication failure are verified in MATLAB/Simulink simulation platform.

scholarly journals A Power Flow Control Strategy for Hybrid Control Architecture of DC Microgrid under Unreliable Grid Connection Considering Electricity Price Constraint

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7628
Author(s):  
Faris Adnan Padhilah ◽  
Kyeong-Hwa Kim
Keyword(s):  
Flow Control ◽  
Distributed Control ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Hybrid Control ◽  
Electricity Price ◽  
Control Architecture ◽  
Centralized Control ◽  
Power Flow Control ◽  
Hybrid Control Architecture

This paper presents a power flow control strategy for a hybrid control architecture of the DC microgrid (DCMG) system under an unreliable grid connection considering the constraint of electricity price. To overcome the limitation of the existing schemes, a hybrid control architecture which combines the centralized control and distributed control is applied to control DCMG. By using the hybrid control approach, a more optimal and reliable DCMG system can be constructed even though a fault occurs in the grid or a central controller (CC). The power flow control strategy for the hybrid DCMG control architecture also takes the constraint of electricity price into account for the purpose of minimizing the electricity cost. In the proposed hybrid control, the high bandwidth communication (HBC) link is used in the centralized control to connect the CC with DCMG power agents. On the other hand, the low bandwidth communication (LBC) link is employed to constitute the distributed control. A small size of data is used to exchange the information fast between the agents and CC, or between each agent and its neighbors, which increases the reliability and robustness of the DCMG system in case of a fault in the communication link of the centralized control. A DCMG system with 400-V rated DC-link voltage which consists of a wind power agent, a battery agent, a grid agent, a load agent, and a CC is constructed in this study by using three power converters based on 32-bit floating point digital signal processor (DSP) TMS320F28335 controller. Various simulation and experimental results prove that the proposed scheme improves the system stability and robustness even in the presence of a fault in the communication link of the centralized control. In addition, the proposed scheme is capable of maintaining the DC-link voltage stably at the nominal value without severe transients both in the centralized control and distributed control, as well as both in the grid-connected case and islanded case. Finally, the scalability of the DCMG system is tested by adding and removing additional wind power agent and battery agent during a certain period.

scholarly journals Distributed Control Strategy Based on a Consensus Algorithm and on the Conservative Power Theory for Imbalance and Harmonic Sharing in 4-Wire Microgrids

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1604-1619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Burgos-Mellado ◽  
Jacqueline J. Llanos ◽  
Roberto Cardenas ◽  
Doris Saez ◽  
Daniel E. Olivares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Control ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Consensus Algorithm ◽  
Power Theory ◽  
Conservative Power Theory ◽  
Conservative Power

scholarly journals Hierarchical Control Strategy for Microgrid Based on Finite-time Consensus Algorithm

2021 ◽  
Vol 2108 (1) ◽  
pp. 012041
Author(s):  
Binfeng Tang ◽  
Ying Huang
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Finite Time ◽  
Hierarchical Control ◽  
Consensus Algorithm ◽  
Centralized Control ◽  
Optimal Value ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
System Frequency ◽  
Generation Power

Abstract In order to overcome the shortcomings of centralized control strategy for microgrid, a hierarchical control strategy based on finite-time consensus algorithm is proposed in this paper. Based on the droop control, the control strategy uses the finite-time consensus theory of multi-gent system to solve the optimal power generation value of the system, and adjusts the droop coefficient to make the power generation power of the power supply the optimal value. Then the compensation of frequency and voltage is introduced by multi-agent technology to stabilize the system frequency and voltage at rated value.

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