scholarly journals Sonic and Impact Test for Structural Assessment of Historical Masonry

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (23) ◽  
pp. 5148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Grazzini
Keyword(s):  
Impact Test ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Historical Masonry ◽  
2016 Amatrice Earthquake ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Non Destructive Techniques

Diagnostics is a very important tool of knowledge in the field of historical buildings. In particular, non-destructive techniques allow to deepen the study of the mechanical characteristics of the historical walls without compromising the artistic value of the monumental building. A case study of the use of sonic and impact tests was described, performed using the same instrumented hammer, for the characterization of the masonry walls at the Sanctuary of Santa Maria delle Grazie at Varoni, one of the churches damaged in the 2016 Amatrice earthquake. Sonic tests showed the presence of a discontinous masonry texture, as well as confirming the ineffectiveness of the strengthening work made by injections of lime mortar. The impact test allowed us to obtain the elastic modulus of the omogeneous stones of the masonry. The results obtained from the non-destructive techniques were confirmed by the flat jacks test carried out on the building, confirming the great potential of the non-destructive diagnostics suitable for analyzing important structural parameters without affecting the preservation of historical masonry structures.

scholarly journals Elastic Properties Estimation of Masonry Walls through the Propagation of Elastic Waves. An Experimental Investigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 9091
Author(s):  
Jacopo Marazzani ◽  
Nicola Cavalagli ◽  
Vittorio Gusella
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Waves ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Artistic Value ◽  
Masonry Material ◽  
Historical Masonry ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Propagation Of Elastic Waves ◽  
Non Destructive

Structural identification is one of the most important steps when dealing with historic buildings. Knowledge of the parameters, which define the mechanical properties of these kinds of structures, is fundamental in preparing interventions aimed at their restoration and strengthening, especially if they have suffered damage due to strong events. In particular, by using non-destructive techniques it is possible to estimate the mechanical characteristics of load-bearing structures without compromising the artistic value of the monumental buildings. In this paper, after recalling the main theoretical aspects, the use of elastic waves propagation through impact tests for the characterization of the masonry walls of a monumental building is described. The impact test allowed us to estimate the elastic characteristics of the homogeneous solid equivalent to masonry material. This confirms the great potential of the non-destructive diagnostics suitable for analyzing important structural parameters without affecting the preservation of historical masonry structures.

scholarly journals The Effect of Fire on Building Materials: The Case-Study of the Varnakova Monastery Cells in Central Greece

Heritage ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1233-1259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterini T. Delegou ◽  
Maria Apostolopoulou ◽  
Ioanna Ntoutsi ◽  
Marina Thoma ◽  
Vasileios Keramidas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Virgin Mary ◽  
Diagnostic Study ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Non Destructive Techniques

The evaluation of the fire impact on building materials is of great scientific and socio-economic importance since fire can result in materials’ chemical and mechanical alterations, which leads to structural stability problems of historical and/or modern construction. This highly increases the cost of rehabilitation interventions. The case study of the Byzantine Monastery of Panagia (Virgin Mary) Varnakova is an example of the fire effect on both historical and newer stone masonries. The Varnakova Monastery is a typical 19th century monastic complex and, during its long history, it has undergone multiple reconstructions after major catastrophic events that have taken place due to its strategic geographical position and its financial and spiritual significance for the region. The last big-scale renovation of the Monastery was conducted between the years 1992 to 2014. However, in January 2017, a devastating fire destroyed the largest part of the monastic cells’ quarter. In this work, a diagnostic study of the different construction phases’ materials comprising the masonries of the monastery cells in their present state is presented. The examination of a series of samples through analytical techniques, such as optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, and total immersion tests, along with the use of non-destructive techniques in situ, such as Infra Red Thermography, Digital Microscopy, and Schmidt Hammer Rebound tests, shed light on the preservation state and on the decay of the diverse building materials. In addition, the impact of the fire on their properties was investigated. The results reveal the diversity of the materials used in the historical masonries throughout the centuries, while the combination of analytical and non-destructive techniques demonstrates the damages induced by the fire.

scholarly journals Impact of Crystalline Orientation on the Switching Field in Barium Titanate Using Piezoresponse Force Spectroscopy

2014 ◽  
Vol 1652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikhil K. Ponon ◽  
Daniel J. R. Appleby ◽  
Erhan Arac ◽  
Kelvin S. K. Kwa ◽  
Jonathan P. Goss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Crystal Orientation ◽  
Force Spectroscopy ◽  
Ferroelectric Domain ◽  
Switching Field ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Domain Level

ABSTRACTUnderstanding crystal orientation at the ferroelectric domain level, using a non destructive technique, is crucial for the design and characterization of nano-scale devices. In this study, piezoresponse force spectroscopy (PFS) is used to identify ferroelectric domain orientation. The impact of crystal orientation on the switching field of ferroelectric BaTiO3 is also investigated at the domain level. The preferential domain orientations for BaTiO3 thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) in this study are [001], [101] and [111]. They have been mapped onto PFS spectra to show three corresponding switching fields of 460, 330 and 120 kV/cm respectively. In addition, the electric field at which the enhanced piezoresponse occurs was found to vary, due to a phase change. The polarization reversal occurs via a 2-step process (rotation and switching) for [101] and [111] orientations. The piezoresponse enhancement is absent for the [001] (pure switching) domains. The results demonstrate that an electric field induced phase change causes the [101] and [111] domains to reverse polarization at a lower field than the [001] domain.

Dynamic-SoS: An Approach for the Simulation of Systems-of-Systems Dynamic Architectures

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 709-731
Author(s):  
Wallace Manzano ◽  
Valdemar Vicente Graciano Neto ◽  
Elisa Yumi Nakagawa
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Systems Of Systems ◽  
Dynamic Architecture ◽  
Design Time ◽  
Operation Results ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reconfiguration Controller

Abstract Systems-of-Systems (SoS) combine heterogeneous, independent systems to offer complex functionalities for highly dynamic smart applications. Besides their dynamic architecture with continuous changes at runtime, SoS should be reliable and work without interrupting their operation and with no failures that could cause accidents or losses. SoS architectural design should facilitate the prediction of the impact of architectural changes and potential failures due to SoS behavior. However, existing approaches do not support such evaluation. Hence, these systems have been usually built without a proper evaluation of their architecture. This article presents Dynamic-SoS, an approach to predict/anticipate at design time the SoS architectural behavior at runtime to evaluate whether the SoS can sustain their operation. The main contributions of this approach comprise: (i) characterization of the dynamic architecture changes via a set of well-defined operators; (ii) a strategy to automatically include a reconfiguration controller for SoS simulation; and (iii) a means to evaluate architectural configurations that an SoS could assume at runtime, assessing their impact on the viability of the SoS operation. Results of our case study reveal Dynamic-SoS is a promising approach that could contribute to the quality of SoS by enabling prior assessment of its dynamic architecture.

Characterization of Old Nuclear Waste Packages Coupling Photon Activation Analysis and Complementary Non-Destructive Techniques

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 2137-2143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick Carrel ◽  
Bruno Charbonnier ◽  
Romain Coulon ◽  
Frederic Laine ◽  
Stephane Normand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Analysis ◽  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Photon Activation Analysis ◽  
Photon Activation ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Non Destructive Techniques

Durability of a ventilated stone facade: A case study of a limestone facade affected by the corrosion of the anchorage system

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Pires de Almeida Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Concrete Walls ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Walls ◽  
Correct Execution ◽  
Anchoring System ◽  
Ventilated Facade ◽  
Non Destructive

<p>The mechanical behavior of a natural stone ventilated facade is inevitably based on the correct execution of both anchoring elements, stone cladding and enclosure support, either with brick masonry walls or reinforced concrete walls. In the case studied in the present work, the origin of the damages on the facade of a building located in Lisbon has been analyzed, where stone detachments were starting to occur. This enclosure is a ventilated facade cladded with Portuguese limestone Lioz slabs. Non-destructive borescope analysis of the metallic anchoring system employed was performed, as well as X-Ray fluorescence laboratory analysis (FRX) for chemical characterization of the anchoring material. Results obtained demonstrated the problem cause on the stone facade due to incorrect metallic anchoring selection and poor execution combined with stress corrosion effect, especially for slabs with larger dimensions.</p>

Characterization of the Wear in the Turbojet Fins

2015 ◽  
Vol 640 ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Zohra Labed ◽  
Djamel Guechi ◽  
Necib Brahim
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Damage ◽  
Eddy Current ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Non Destructive Techniques

The wear is very difficult to characterize because of its complexity and its measurement phenomenon. Our work is to prepare samples Fan blades, worn, to determine the nature of the wear and damage them. For these reasons, the characterization of these samples was conducted in different microscopic and macroscopic scales. We used non-destructive techniques such as eddy current and penetrant methods. The results obtained allowed us to see the deterioration of fins from one floor to another. These results are directly related to the effects of mechanical, thermal and pressure. It has been, in addition to detecting a different type of damage these fan blades that is the fatigue damage.

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