scholarly journals Seasonal Asian Dust Forecasting Using GloSea5-ADAM

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 526
Author(s):  
Sang-Boom Ryoo ◽  
Yun-Kyu Lim ◽  
Young-San Park
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Dust Emission ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Asian Dust ◽  
Forecasting Model ◽  
Aerosol Model ◽  
Soil Fraction ◽  
Temporary Solution ◽  
Dust Events

The springtime dust events in Northeast Asia pose many economic, social, and health-related risks. Statistical models in the forecasting of seasonal dust events do not fully account for environmental variations in dust sources due to climate change. The Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) recently developed the GloSea5-ADAM, a numerically based seasonal dust forecasting model, by incorporating the Asian Dust and Aerosol Model (ADAM)’s emission algorithm into Global Seasonal Forecasting Model version 5 (GloSea5). The performance of GloSea5 and GloSea5-ADAM in forecasting seasonal Asian dust events in source (China) and leeward (South Korea) regions was compared. The GloSea5-ADAM solved the limitations of GloSea5, which were mainly attributable to GloSea5′s low bare-soil fraction, and successfully simulated 2017 springtime dust emissions over Northeast Asia. The results show that GloSea5-ADAM’s 2017 and 2018 forecasts were consistent with surface PM10 mass concentrations observed in China and South Korea, while there was a large gap in 2019. This study shows that the geographical distribution and physical properties of soil in dust source regions are important. The GloSea5-ADAM model is only a temporary solution and is limited in its applicability to Northeast Asia; therefore, a globally applicable dust emission algorithm that considers a wide variety of soil properties must be developed.

scholarly journals Performance of KMA-ADAM3 in Identifying Asian Dust Days over Northern China

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 593
Author(s):  
Sang-Boom Ryoo ◽  
Jinwon Kim ◽  
Jeong Hoon Cho
Keyword(s):  
Dust Emission ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Asian Dust ◽  
Probability Of Detection ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Dust Source ◽  
Aerosol Model ◽  
Dust Generation ◽  
Source Regions ◽  
Dust Events

Recently, the Korea Meteorological Administration developed Asian Dust Aerosol Model version 3 (ADAM3) by incorporating additional parameters into ADAM2, including anthropogenic particulate matter (PM) emissions, modification of dust generation by considering real-time surface vegetation, and assimilations of surface PM observations and satellite-measured aerosol optical depth. This study evaluates the performance of ADAM3 in identifying Asian dust days over the dust source regions in Northern China and their variations according to regions and soil types by comparing its performance with ADAM2 (from January to June of 2017). In all regions the performance of ADAM3 was markedly improved, especially for Northwestern China, where the threat score (TS) and the probability of detection (POD) improved from 5.4% and 5.5% to 30.4% and 34.4%, respectively. ADAM3 outperforms ADAM2 for all soil types, especially for the sand-type soil for which TS and POD are improved from 39.2.0% and 50.7% to 48.9% and 68.2%, respectively. Despite these improvements in regions and surface soil types, Asian dust emission formulas in ADAM3 need improvement for the loess-type soils to modulate the overestimation of Asian dust events related to anthropogenic emissions in the Huabei Plain and Manchuria.

scholarly journals Can explicit convection improve modelled dust in summertime West Africa?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander J. Roberts ◽  
Margaret J. Woodage ◽  
John H. Marsham ◽  
Ellie J. Highwood ◽  
Claire L. Ryder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Dust Emission ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Explicit Representation ◽  
Saharan Dust ◽  
Cmip5 Models ◽  
Cold Pool ◽  
Moist Convection ◽  
Soil Fraction

Abstract. Global and regional models have large systematic errors in their modelled dust fields over West Africa. It is well established that cold pool outflows from moist convection (haboobs) can raise over 50 % of the dust over the Sahara and Sahel in summer, but parameterised moist convection tends to give a very poor representation of this in models. Here, we test the hypothesis that an explicit representation of convection improves haboob winds and so may reduce errors in modelled dust fields. The results show that despite varying both grid-spacing and the representation of convection there are only minor changes in dust aerosol optical depth (AOD) and dust mass loading fields between simulations. In all simulations there is an AOD deficit over the observed central Saharan dust maximum and a high bias in AOD along the west coast: both features consistent with many climate (CMIP5) models. Cold pool outflows are present in the explicit simulations and do raise dust. Consistent with this there is an improved diurnal cycle in dust-generating winds with a seasonal peak in evening winds at locations with moist convection that is absent in simulations with parameterised convection. However, the explicit convection does not change the AOD field significantly for several reasons. Firstly, the increased windiness in the evening from haboobs is approximately balanced by a reduction in morning winds associated with the breakdown of the nocturnal low-level jet (LLJ). Secondly, although explicit convection increases the frequency of the strongest winds, these are still weaker than observed, especially close to the observed summertime Saharan dust maximum: this results from the fact that although large mesoscale convective systems (and resultant cold pools) are generated, they have a lower frequency than observed and haboob winds are too weak. Finally, major impacts of the haboobs on winds occur over the Sahel, where, although dust uplift is known to occur in reality, uplift in the simulations is limited by a seasonally constant bare soil fraction in the model, together with soil moisture and clay fractions which are too restrictive of dust emission in seasonally-varying vegetated regions. For future studies, the results demonstrate 1) the improvements in behaviour produced by the explicit representation of convection, 2) the value of simultaneously evaluating both dust and winds and 3) the need to develop parameterisations of the land surface alongside those of dust-generating winds.

Contrasting synoptic weather patterns between non-dust high particulate matter events and Asian dust events in Seoul, South Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 116864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myung-Il Jung ◽  
Seok-Woo Son ◽  
Hyun Cheol Kim ◽  
Sang-Woo Kim ◽  
Rokjin J. Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Asian Dust ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Synoptic Weather ◽  
Dust Events

Quiescence of Asian dust events in South Korea and Japan during 2012 spring: Dust outbreaks and transports

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 92-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Gon Lee ◽  
Chang-Hoi Ho ◽  
Joo-Hong Kim ◽  
Jhoon Kim
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Asian Dust ◽  
Spring Dust ◽  
Dust Events

scholarly journals Description of Dust Emission Parameterization in CAS‐ESM2 and Its Simulation of Global Dust Cycle and East Asian Dust Events

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenglai Wu ◽  
Zhaohui Lin ◽  
Xiaohong Liu ◽  
Duoying Ji ◽  
He Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Asian ◽  
Dust Emission ◽  
Asian Dust ◽  
Dust Events

Prediction of Asian Dust Days over Northern China Using the KMA-ADAM2 Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1777-1787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seungkyu K. Hong ◽  
Sang-Boom Ryoo ◽  
Jinwon Kim ◽  
Sang-Sam Lee
Keyword(s):  
Simulated Data ◽  
Direct Calculation ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Asian Dust ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Model Errors ◽  
Dust Emissions ◽  
Aerosol Model ◽  
Dust Events

Abstract This study evaluates the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) Asian Dust Aerosol Model 2 (ADAM2) for Asian dust events over the dust source regions in northern China during the first half of 2017. Using the observed hourly particulate matter (PM) concentration from the China Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP) and station weather reports, we find that a threshold value of PM10–PM2.5 = 400 μg m−3 works well in defining an Asian dust event for both the MEP-observed and the ADAM2-simulated data. In northwestern China, ADAM2 underestimates the observed dust days mainly due to underestimation of dust emissions; ADAM2 overestimates the observed Asian dust days over Manchuria due to overestimation of dust emissions. Performance of ADAM2 in estimating Asian dust emissions varies quite systematically according to dominant soil types within each region. The current formulation works well for the Gobi and sand soil types, but substantially overestimates dust emissions for the loess-type soils. This suggests that the ADAM2 model errors are likely to originate from the soil-type-dependent dust emissions formulation and that the formulation for the mixed and loess-type soils needs to be recalibrated. In addition, inability to account for the concentration of fine PMs from anthropogenic sources results in large false-alarm rates over heavily industrialized regions. Direct calculation of PM2.5 in the upcoming ADAM3 model is expected to alleviate the problems related to anthropogenic PMs in identifying Asian dust events.

scholarly journals Alterations in the airborne bacterial community during Asian dust events occurring between February and March 2015 in South Korea

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seho Cha ◽  
Dongwook Lee ◽  
Jun Hyeong Jang ◽  
Sora Lim ◽  
Dahye Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Asian Dust ◽  
Dust Events

scholarly journals Can explicit convection improve modelled dust in summertime West Africa?

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 9025-9048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander J. Roberts ◽  
Margaret J. Woodage ◽  
John H. Marsham ◽  
Ellie J. Highwood ◽  
Claire L. Ryder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Dust Emission ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Explicit Representation ◽  
Saharan Dust ◽  
Cmip5 Models ◽  
Cold Pool ◽  
Moist Convection ◽  
Soil Fraction

Abstract. Global and regional models have large systematic errors in their modelled dust fields over West Africa. It is well established that cold-pool outflows from moist convection (haboobs) can raise over 50 % of the dust over parts of the Sahara and Sahel in summer, but parameterised moist convection tends to give a very poor representation of this in models. Here, we test the hypothesis that an explicit representation of convection in the Met Office Unified Model (UM) improves haboob winds and so may reduce errors in modelled dust fields. The results show that despite varying both grid spacing and the representation of convection there are only minor changes in dust aerosol optical depth (AOD) and dust mass loading fields between simulations. In all simulations there is an AOD deficit over the observed central Saharan dust maximum and a high bias in AOD along the west coast: both features are consistent with many climate (CMIP5) models. Cold-pool outflows are present in the explicit simulations and do raise dust. Consistent with this, there is an improved diurnal cycle in dust-generating winds with a seasonal peak in evening winds at locations with moist convection that is absent in simulations with parameterised convection. However, the explicit convection does not change the AOD field in the UM significantly for several reasons. Firstly, the increased windiness in the evening from haboobs is approximately balanced by a reduction in morning winds associated with the breakdown of the nocturnal low-level jet (LLJ). Secondly, although explicit convection increases the frequency of the strongest winds, they are still weaker than observed, especially close to the observed summertime Saharan dust maximum: this results from the fact that, although large mesoscale convective systems (and resultant cold pools) are generated, they have a lower frequency than observed and haboob winds are too weak. Finally, major impacts of the haboobs on winds occur over the Sahel, where, although dust uplift is known to occur in reality, uplift in the simulations is limited by a seasonally constant bare-soil fraction in the model, together with soil moisture and clay fractions which are too restrictive of dust emission in seasonally varying vegetated regions. For future studies, the results demonstrate (1) the improvements in behaviour produced by the explicit representation of convection, (2) the value of simultaneously evaluating both dust and winds and (3) the need to develop parameterisations of the land surface alongside those of dust-generating winds.

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