scholarly journals Immune Monitoring upon Treatment with Biologics in Sjögren’s Syndrome: The What, Where, When, and How

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Joyce J.B.C. van Beers ◽  
Jan G.M.C. Damoiseaux
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Sjögren’S Syndrome ◽  
Sjögren's Syndrome ◽  
Sjogren’S Syndrome ◽  
Sjogren's Syndrome ◽  
Immune Monitoring ◽  
Soluble Factor ◽  
Adverse Side Effects ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Sjögren‘S Syndrome

Over the years, a wide variety of therapeutic antibodies has been successfully introduced in the auto-immunology clinic, and many more are on the way. Many of these treatments address either a pathogenic circulating molecule or a cell-bound molecule. Whereas addressing the former target results in neutralization of the soluble factor and binding to the latter target either inhibits cellular function or induces selective cell death. If this targeted molecule or cell is part of the immune system, this therapy evokes a state of immunodeficiency with infections as a possible consequence. Therefore, immune monitoring is needed to prevent such adverse side effects of immunotherapy. In this paper, different immunotherapies used in Sjögren’s syndrome, as well as different approaches to monitoring the immune system, are discussed.

From Molecular Mechanism to the Etiology of Sjogren Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (35) ◽  
pp. 4177-4185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wei ◽  
Syed Sayeed Ahmad ◽  
Shuang Chi ◽  
Yu Xie ◽  
Mohammad Amjad Kamal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Sjögren’S Syndrome ◽  
Sjögren's Syndrome ◽  
Progressive Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Sjogren’S Syndrome ◽  
Sjogren's Syndrome ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sjögren‘S Syndrome

Sjogren's Syndrome (SS) is a chronic, female overwhelming fundamental issue of an immune system rheumatic sickness that influences the whole body. It is described by lymphocytic invasion of the exocrine viz. salivary and lacrimal glands and by surprising B-cell hyperactivity. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye) and Stomatitis sicca (oral dryness) are the primary visual appearances of SS. The primary SS is recognized from secondary SS which happens as a piece of other immune system maladies. The secondary SS exists together particularly with fundamental lupus erythematosus (15- 36%), rheumatoid joint inflammation (20- 32%) and also restricted and progressive systemic sclerosis (11- 24%), less as often as possible with different sclerosis and immune system hepatitis and thyreoiditis. We assess changes in salivary epidermal growth factor (EGF) intensity and estimate the relationship between salivary EGF levels and the seriousness of intraoral symptoms in SS individuals. The outcomes demonstrated that the salivary EGF levels diminished with the movement of SS, and this crumbling in salivation quality and additionally, hyposalivation could imagine a vital constituent in the pathogenesis of refractory intraoral indication in SS suffering patients. A strong relationship between particular alleles of the MHC and SS improvement has been recommended. The primary hereditary examination on SS revealed a relationship amongst SS and HLA-DR3 in SS population. Subsequent reports featured the relationship amongst SS and the HLA-D locus, with a diverse distribution between primary SS and secondary SS. The motivation behind this manuscript is to give a concise survey on the molecular mechanism, effects of infectious agents and genetic factors in the etiology of Sjogren’s Syndrome. Such effects are discussed independently.

scholarly journals The Involvement of Innate and Adaptive Immunity in the Initiation and Perpetuation of Sjögren’s Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 658
Author(s):  
Clara Chivasso ◽  
Julie Sarrand ◽  
Jason Perret ◽  
Christine Delporte ◽  
Muhammad Shahnawaz Soyfoo
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Sjögren’S Syndrome ◽  
Sjögren's Syndrome ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Sjogren’S Syndrome ◽  
Sjogren's Syndrome ◽  
Sicca Syndrome ◽  
Neurological Involvement ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Sjögren‘S Syndrome

: Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the infiltration of exocrine glands including salivary and lachrymal glands responsible for the classical dry eyes and mouth symptoms (sicca syndrome). The spectrum of disease manifestations stretches beyond the classical sicca syndrome with systemic manifestations including arthritis, interstitial lung involvement, and neurological involvement. The pathophysiology underlying SS is not well deciphered, but several converging lines of evidence have supported the conjuncture of different factors interplaying together to foster the initiation and perpetuation of the disease. The innate and adaptive immune system play a cardinal role in this process. In this review, we discuss the inherent parts played by both the innate and adaptive immune system in the pathogenesis of SS.

scholarly journals A secretagogue-small interfering RNA conjugate confers resistance to cytotoxicity in a cell model of Sjögren's syndrome

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 3116-3125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaleb M. Pauley ◽  
Adrienne E. Gauna ◽  
Irina I. Grichtchenko ◽  
Edward K. L. Chan ◽  
Seunghee Cha
Keyword(s):  
Sjögren’S Syndrome ◽  
Small Interfering Rna ◽  
Sjögren's Syndrome ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Sjogren’S Syndrome ◽  
Sjogren's Syndrome ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Interfering Rna ◽  
Sjögren‘S Syndrome

scholarly journals The Immune Factors Involved in the Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Sjogren's Syndrome

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-fan Huang ◽  
Qian Cheng ◽  
Chun-miao Jiang ◽  
Shu An ◽  
Lan Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Sjögren’S Syndrome ◽  
Sjögren's Syndrome ◽  
Autoimmune Disorder ◽  
Sjogren’S Syndrome ◽  
Sjogren's Syndrome ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Open Label ◽  
T Lymphocyte Subsets ◽  
Sjögren‘S Syndrome

Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is a systemic, autoimmune disorder characterized by salivary insufficiency and lymphocytic infiltration of the exocrine glands. Even though the mechanism of its pathology and progression has been researched ever since its discovery, the roles of different parts of immune system remain inconclusive. There is no straightforward and simple theory for the pathogenesis and diagnosis of Sjogren’s syndrome because of the multiple kinds and functions of autoantibodies, changing proportion of different T-lymphocyte subsets with the progression of disease, unsuspected abilities of B lymphocytes discovered recently, crosstalk between cytokines connecting the factors mentioned previously, and genetic predisposition that contributes to the initiation of this disease. On the other hand, the number of significant reports and open-label studies of B-cell depletion therapy showing clinical efficacy in sjogren’s syndrome has continued to accumulate, which provides a promising future for the patients. In a word, further elucidation of the role of different components of the immune system will open avenues for better diagnosis and treatment of SS, whose current management is still mainly supportive.

scholarly journals The Innate Immune Cell Profile of the Cornea Predicts the Onset of Ocular Surface Inflammatory Disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaya Pérez del Palomar ◽  
Alberto Montolío ◽  
José Cegoñino ◽  
Sandeep Kumar Dhanda ◽  
Chit Tong Lio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Sjögren’S Syndrome ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Sjögren's Syndrome ◽  
Sjogren’S Syndrome ◽  
Sjogren's Syndrome ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Sjögren‘S Syndrome

Ocular surface inflammatory disorder (OSID) is a spectrum of disorders that have features of several etiologies whilst displaying similar phenotypic signs of ocular inflammation. They are complicated disorders with underlying mechanisms related to several autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Sjögren’s syndrome, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Current literature shows the involvement of both innate and adaptive arms of the immune system in ocular surface inflammation. The ocular surface contains distinct components of the immune system in the conjunctiva and the cornea. The normal conjunctiva epithelium and sub-epithelial stroma contains resident immune cells, such as T cells, B cells (adaptive), dendritic cells, and macrophages (innate). The relative sterile environment of the cornea is achieved by the tolerogenic properties of dendritic cells in the conjunctiva, the presence of regulatory lymphocytes, and the existence of soluble immunosuppressive factors, such as the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and macrophage migration inhibitory factors. With the presence of both innate and adaptive immune system components, it is intriguing to investigate the most important leukocyte population in the ocular surface, which is involved in immune surveillance. Our meta-analysis investigates into this with a focus on both infectious (contact lens wear, corneal graft rejection, Cytomegalovirus, keratitis, scleritis, ocular surgery) and non-infectious (dry eye disease, glaucoma, graft-vs-host disease, Sjögren’s syndrome) situations. We have found the predominance of dendritic cells in ocular surface diseases, along with the Th-related cytokines. Our goal is to improve the knowledge of immune cells in OSID and to open new dimensions in the field. The purpose of this study is not to limit ourselves in the ocular system, but to investigate the importance of dendritic cells in the disorders of other mucosal organs (e.g., lungs, gut, uterus). Holistically, we want to investigate if this is a common trend in the initiation of any disease related to the mucosal organs and find a unified therapeutic approach. In addition, we want to show the power of computational approaches to foster a collaboration between computational and biological science.

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