scholarly journals Mechanism of the Formation of Electronically Excited Species by Oxidative Metabolic Processes: Role of Reactive Oxygen Species

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Pospíšil ◽  
Ankush Prasad ◽  
Marek Rác
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Molecular Oxygen ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Metabolic Processes ◽  
Excited Species ◽  
Electronically Excited

It is well known that biological systems, such as microorganisms, plants, and animals, including human beings, form spontaneous electronically excited species through oxidative metabolic processes. Though the mechanism responsible for the formation of electronically excited species is still not clearly understood, several lines of evidence suggest that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the formation of electronically excited species. This review attempts to describe the role of ROS in the formation of electronically excited species during oxidative metabolic processes. Briefly, the oxidation of biomolecules, such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids by ROS initiates a cascade of reactions that leads to the formation of triplet excited carbonyls formed by the decomposition of cyclic (1,2-dioxetane) and linear (tetroxide) high-energy intermediates. When chromophores are in proximity to triplet excited carbonyls, the triplet-singlet and triplet-triplet energy transfers from triplet excited carbonyls to chromophores result in the formation of singlet and triplet excited chromophores, respectively. Alternatively, when molecular oxygen is present, the triplet-singlet energy transfer from triplet excited carbonyls to molecular oxygen initiates the formation of singlet oxygen. Understanding the mechanism of the formation of electronically excited species allows us to use electronically excited species as a marker for oxidative metabolic processes in cells.

scholarly journals Comparing Early Eukaryotic Integration of Mitochondria and Chloroplasts in the Light of Internal ROS Challenges: Timing is of the Essence

mBio ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dave Speijer ◽  
Michael Hammond ◽  
Julius Lukeš
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Mitochondrial Ros ◽  
Transport Chain ◽  
Evolutionary Trajectories ◽  
Ros Formation

ABSTRACT When trying to reconstruct the evolutionary trajectories during early eukaryogenesis, one is struck by clear differences in the developments of two organelles of endosymbiotic origin: the mitochondrion and the chloroplast. From a symbiogenic perspective, eukaryotic development can be interpreted as a process in which many of the defining eukaryotic characteristics arose as a result of mutual adaptions of both prokaryotes (an archaeon and a bacterium) involved. This implies that many steps during the bacterium-to-mitochondrion transition trajectory occurred in an intense period of dramatic and rapid changes. In contrast, the subsequent cyanobacterium-to-chloroplast development in a specific eukaryotic subgroup, leading to the photosynthetic lineages, occurred in a full-fledged eukaryote. The commonalities and differences in the two trajectories shed an interesting light on early, and ongoing, eukaryotic evolutionary driving forces, especially endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. Differences between organellar ribosomes, changes to the electron transport chain (ETC) components, and mitochondrial codon reassignments in nonplant mitochondria can be understood when mitochondrial ROS formation, e.g., during high energy consumption in heterotrophs, is taken into account. IMPORTANCE The early eukaryotic evolution was deeply influenced by the acquisition of two endosymbiotic organelles - the mitochondrion and the chloroplast. Here we discuss the possibly important role of reactive oxygen species in these processes.

Activation of dissolved molecular oxygen by Cu(0) for bisphenol a degradation: Role of Cu(0) and formation of reactive oxygen species

Chemosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 241 ◽  
pp. 125034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajun Long ◽  
Longqian Xu ◽  
Linghui Zhao ◽  
Huaqiang Chu ◽  
Yunfeng Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Molecular Oxygen ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species

scholarly journals The Reactive Oxygen Species Singlet Oxygen, Hydroxy Radicals, and the Superoxide Radical Anion—Examples of Their Roles in Biology and Medicine

Oxygen ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-95
Author(s):  
Ruth Edge ◽  
T. George Truscott
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Singlet Oxygen ◽  
Radical Anion ◽  
Superoxide Radical ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Superoxide Radical Anion ◽  
Hydroxy Radicals ◽  
Electronically Excited

Reactive oxygen species comprise oxygen-based free radicals and non-radical species such as peroxynitrite and electronically excited (singlet) oxygen. These reactive species often have short lifetimes, and much of our understanding of their formation and reactivity in biological and especially medical environments has come from complimentary fast reaction methods involving pulsed lasers and high-energy radiation techniques. These and related methods, such as EPR, are discussed with particular reference to singlet oxygen, hydroxy radicals, the superoxide radical anion, and their roles in medical aspects, such as cancer, vision and skin disorders, and especially pro- and anti-oxidative processes.

scholarly journals The reactivity of molecular oxygen and reactive oxygen species with [FeFe] hydrogenase biomimetics: reversibility and the role of the second coordination sphere

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 858-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent C.-C. Wang ◽  
Charlène Esmieu ◽  
Holly J. Redman ◽  
Gustav Berggren ◽  
Leif Hammarström
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Molecular Oxygen ◽  
Coordination Sphere ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Second Coordination Sphere

A new one-electron reduced and oxygenated species from H2-evolving complexes, inspired by [FeFe] hydrogenase, was prepared by directly reacting with O2 and chemical reductants. Its structure and reactivity were investigated by spectroscopic tools.

The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Tumor Treatment and its Impact on Bone Marrow Hematopoiesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 477-498
Author(s):  
Yongfeng Chen ◽  
Xingjing Luo ◽  
Zhenyou Zou ◽  
Yong Liang
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Tumor Treatment ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Treatment And Prevention

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), an important molecule inducing oxidative stress in organisms, play a key role in tumorigenesis, tumor progression and recurrence. Recent findings on ROS have shown that ROS can be used to treat cancer as they accelerate the death of tumor cells. At present, pro-oxidant drugs that are intended to increase ROS levels of the tumor cells have been widely used in the clinic. However, ROS are a double-edged sword in the treatment of tumors. High levels of ROS induce not only the death of tumor cells but also oxidative damage to normal cells, especially bone marrow hemopoietic cells, which leads to bone marrow suppression and (or) other side effects, weak efficacy of tumor treatment and even threatening patients’ life. How to enhance the killing effect of ROS on tumor cells while avoiding oxidative damage to the normal cells has become an urgent issue. This study is a review of the latest progress in the role of ROS-mediated programmed death in tumor treatment and prevention and treatment of oxidative damage in bone marrow induced by ROS.

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