Animal Modeling in Cancer

: Here, we summarized recent advances in laboratory and clinical research on gut microbiome. The goal is to highlight recent discoveries on the biology and behavioral manifestations of gut microbiomes under normal and pathologic conditions. With this new scientific knowledge, we wish to cultivate cross-fertilization of science across multi-disciplines in the hopes of exploiting the gut microbiome as a key component of human development and its dysbiosis may signal pathological alterations that can be therapeutically targeted for regenerative medicine. In the end, we identify innovative research avenues that will merit from collaborations across biomedical disciplines that may facilitate the development of gut microbiome-based biomarkers and therapeutics. Gut microbiome stands as a core research area that transcends pediatric and nursing care, cancer biology, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiac function and diseases, among many other basic science and clinical arenas.

Download Full-text

Transcriptome-(phospho)proteome characterization of brain of a germline model of cytoplasmic-predominant Pten expression with autism-like phenotypes

npj Genomic Medicine ◽

10.1038/s41525-021-00201-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Stetson Thacker ◽

Charis Eng

Keyword(s):

Autism Spectrum ◽

Pten Expression ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Risk Genes ◽

Animal Modeling ◽

Network Analyses ◽

Phosphorylated Proteins ◽

Mass Spectrometry Technology ◽

Neurological Processes

AbstractPTEN has a strong Mendelian association with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), representing a special case in autism’s complex genetic architecture. Animal modeling for constitutional Pten mutation creates an opportunity to study how disruption of Pten affects neurobiology and glean potential insight into ASD pathogenesis. Subsequently, we comprehensively characterized the neural (phospho)proteome of Ptenm3m4/m3m4 mice, which exhibits cytoplasmic-predominant Pten expression, by applying mass spectrometry technology to their brains at two-weeks- (P14) and six-weeks-of-age (P40). The differentially expressed/phosphorylated proteins were subjected to gene enrichment, pathway, and network analyses to assess the affected biology. We identified numerous differentially expressed/phosphorylated proteins, finding greater dysregulation at P40 consistent with prior transcriptomic data. The affected pathways were largely related to PTEN function or neurological processes, while scant direct overlap was found across datasets. Network analysis pointed to ASD risk genes like Pten and Psd-95 as major regulatory hubs, suggesting they likely contribute to initiation or maintenance of cellular and perhaps organismal phenotypes related to ASD.

Download Full-text

Whole animal modeling: piecing together nematode locomotion

Current Opinion in Systems Biology ◽

10.1016/j.coisb.2018.12.002 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

pp. 150-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Netta Cohen ◽

Jack E. Denham

Keyword(s):

Animal Modeling

Download Full-text

Genetic Susceptibility and Animal Modeling of PSP

Animal Models of Movement Disorders ◽

10.1016/b978-012088382-0/50047-5 ◽

2005 ◽

pp. 515-527

Author(s):

PARVONEH POORKAJ NAVAS ◽

IAN D'SOUZA ◽

GERARD D. SCHELLENBERG

Keyword(s):

Genetic Susceptibility ◽

Animal Modeling

Download Full-text

EL-1 Animal modeling of schizophrenia and its evaluation; use of auditory ERPs

Clinical Neurophysiology ◽

10.1016/j.clinph.2020.04.030 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 131 (10) ◽

pp. e237

Author(s):

Hiroyuki Nawa ◽

Itaru Narihara ◽

Hidekazu Sotoyama ◽

Hisaaki Namba ◽

Hiroyoshi Inaba

Keyword(s):

Evaluation Use ◽

Animal Modeling ◽

Auditory Erps

Download Full-text

Persistence Dynamics of Antimicrobial-Resistant Neisseria in the Pharynx of Rhesus Macaques

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.02232-19 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 64 (8) ◽

Author(s):

Eliza Thapa ◽

Hanna M. Knauss ◽

Benjamin A. Colvin ◽

Benjamin A. Fischer ◽

Nathan J. Weyand

Keyword(s):

Rhesus Macaques ◽

Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽

Host Animal ◽

Content Type ◽

Host Tropism ◽

Animal Modeling ◽

Neisseria Mucosa ◽

Previously Treated

ABSTRACT Pharyngeal infections by Neisseria gonorrhoeae are often asymptomatic, making them difficult to treat. However, in vivo animal modeling of human pharyngeal infections by pathogenic Neisseria species is challenging due to numerous host tropism barriers. We have relied on rhesus macaques to investigate pharyngeal persistence of naturally occurring Neisseria species in response to antibiotics. These species include Neisseria mucosa, Neisseria oralis, and a species unique to macaques. Four animals previously treated intramuscularly with the fluoroquinolone enrofloxacin for 2 weeks were monitored for persistence of their preexisting Neisseria populations for a period of 10 weeks. Enrofloxacin exposure did not eliminate preexisting flora from two of the four animals. Characterization of a collection of macaque Neisseria isolates supported the hypothesis that pharyngeal persistence was linked to reduced enrofloxacin susceptibility conferred by mutations in either gyrA or parC. Interestingly, we observed a change in neisserial population dynamics for several weeks following enrofloxacin exposure. Enrofloxacin appeared to promote competition between strains for dominance in the pharyngeal niche. Specifically, following enrofloxacin treatment, strains bearing single gyrA mutations and low MICs persisted long-term. In contrast, strains with both gyrA and parC mutations and high MICs became culturally undetectable, consistent with the hypothesis that they were less fit. Our study has provided insight into pharyngeal persistence dynamics of Neisseria species bearing fluoroquinolone resistance determinants. The rhesus macaque provides a valuable host animal that may be used in the future to simulate treatment failures associated with the presence of antimicrobial-resistant Neisseria spp. in the human pharynx.

Download Full-text

Introduction: Animal modeling – a precious tool for developing remedies to neurological diseases

Handbook of Experimental Neurology ◽

10.1017/cbo9780511541742.001 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 3-5

Author(s):

Turgut Tatlisumak ◽

Marc Fisher

Keyword(s):

Neurological Diseases ◽

Animal Modeling

Download Full-text

Special Issue: Animal Modeling in Cancer

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes11091009 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 1009

Author(s):

Vladimir Korinek

Keyword(s):

Animal Models ◽

High Throughput Sequencing ◽

Tumor Biology ◽

Tumor Formation ◽

Diagnostic Tools ◽

Special Issue ◽

Cancer Treatments ◽

Behavioral Traits ◽

Animal Modeling

Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing techniques have significantly accelerated the development of personalized diagnostic tools and cancer treatments. However, a comparative analysis of experimental animals that share similar genetic, physiological, and behavioral traits with humans remains the basis for understanding the pathological mechanisms associated with human diseases, including cancer. The generation and characterization of suitable animal models mimicking tumor growth and progression thus represents an important “component” of tumor biology research. The presented Special Issue contains ten review articles, which, based on data obtained from various animal models, summarize a number of aspects of the tumor formation process that include gastrointestinal neoplasia, breast cancer, hematological malignancies, melanoma, and brain tumors. This Special Issue nicely illustrates how the study of suitable living models uncovers not only the fundamental molecular and cellular bases of neoplastic growth, but might also indicate approaches to efficient cancer treatments.

Download Full-text