scholarly journals Relevance and Clinical Significance of Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Neurological Manifestations in COVID-19: A Systematic Review of Case Reports and Case Series

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1017
Author(s):  
Anisa Chowdhary ◽  
Roshan Subedi ◽  
Medha Tandon ◽  
Sijin Wen ◽  
Jenil Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Findings

We performed a systematic literature review of neuroimaging, predominantly focusing on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings associated with neurological manifestations of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). We screened articles from PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus, looking for reports that would potentially have neuroimaging findings in patients with COVID-19. Data analysis was performed with patient-based data based on the availability of clinical characteristics and outcomes for each individual patient from the studies. Chi square and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used to report COVID-19 severity and outcomes based on neurological imaging indicators and pathophysiology. A total of 171 patients with COVID-19 having neurological complications, from 134 studies, were identified in our review. The most common neuroimaging finding was ischemic stroke (62, 36.2%) cases, followed by CNS inflammatory disorder (44, 25.7%), and hemorrhagic stroke (41, 24.0%). Around 51% of all the fatal COVID-19 cases had an ischemic stroke. Among patients with ischemic stroke, the mean age of those who suffered from COVID-19 infection was 57.5 years (SD = 15.4) whereas it was 50.7 years (SD = 15.1) among those without stroke/other diagnosis. Fatality was more common in patients with ischemic stroke compared to those with other diagnosis (40% vs. 22%, p = 0.011). The most frequently published neuroimaging findings in patients with COVID-19 were ischemic stroke, CNS inflammatory disorder, and hemorrhagic disorder. In those studies, ischemic stroke was associated with fatality, and was more frequently seen in older patients. Based on our findings, early usage of MRI in COVID-19 patients may be recommended.

scholarly journals A systematic review of the use of magnetic resonance imaging in non-conditional pacemakers and implantable defibrillators

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Murphy ◽  
R K Kerley ◽  
P K Kearney
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices ◽  
Relative Safety ◽  
Mri Conditional

Abstract Background Cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) were long considered a contraindication for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Modern devices are now MRI conditional, but still the majority of CIEDs in the population are legacy devices and are classified as unsafe for MRI. There is growing consensus that MRI is also safe in these patients. Purpose The purpose of this study was to perform an up to date systematic review of the evidence evaluating the use of MRI in patients with non-conditional CIEDs. Methods Searches of the PubMed, CINAHL and Embase databases were performed. Studies that assessed the rate of adverse outcomes after MRI in patients with non-conditional CIEDs were included. Studies were excluded if they did not disclose the conditionality of patients CIEDs. Case reports or case series were not included. Results 36 cohort studies were identified. No patient in these studies died during or immediately after MRI. Symptom associated with either torque or heating occurred in <1% of patients. Electrical resets occurred 1–2% of patients. There were no cases of non-conditional lead or generator failure. Inappropriate pacing occurred in <1% of patients. No ICD shocks occurred during MRI. Changes in CIED parameters occurred in 1–4% of patients. Conclusions This systematic review highlights the relative safety of the use of MRI in patients with non-conditional CIEDs. Demonstrated be the fact that no deaths or device shocks have been suffered as a consequence of MRI in any of these studies, and the extremely low incidence of device or lead related complications. Still strict selection and monitoring protocol should be used when imaging these patients. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

scholarly journals Spectrum of findings on magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in patients with neurological manifestations of dengue fever

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 285-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tejeshwar Singh Jugpal ◽  
Rashmi Dixit ◽  
Anju Garg ◽  
Swati Gupta ◽  
Virendra Jain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Findings

Abstract Objective: To describe the spectrum of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in patients with neurological manifestations of dengue. Materials and Methods: We included nine patients with dengue fever (three females and six males; age range, 9–30 years), all of whom presented with neurological manifestations. The MRI examinations, performed in 1.5 T or 3 T scanners, included T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences. Diffusion-weighted imaging with apparent diffusion coefficient mapping was also employed. Fast low-angle shot and susceptibility-weighted gradient-recalled echo sequences, as well as contrast-enhanced T1-weighted scans, were also obtained in order to assess parenchymal enhancement. MRI scans were analyzed for lesion distribution and imaging features. Results: All patients showed areas of altered signal intensity that appeared as hyperintensity on T2-weighted and FLAIR sequences. The most commonly affected site was the basal ganglia-thalamus complex. Other affected sites were the cerebellum, cerebral cortex, white matter, and brainstem. In all cases, we observed patchy areas of restricted diffusion and focal areas of hemorrhage. Conclusion: Dengue encephalitis commonly affects the basal ganglia, thalamus, cerebellum, cerebral cortex, and white matter. Therefore, MRI should be an indispensable part of the evaluation of patients with neurological complications of dengue fever.

scholarly journals Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Axial Skeleton in Patients With Spondyloarthritis: Distribution Pattern of Inflammatory and Structural Lesions

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 117954411772808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Hoffstetter ◽  
Mohammed H Al Suwaidi ◽  
Alexander Joist ◽  
Achim Benditz ◽  
Martin Fleck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Axial Skeleton ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Hla B27 ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Sacroiliac Joints ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disorder

Purpose: Spondyloarthritis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the musculoskeletal system driven by systemic enthesitis and typically involving the axial skeleton, ie, the spine and the sacroiliac joints. The purpose of this study was to assess the distribution pattern of inflammatory and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in spondyloarthritis. Methods: Retrospective study of 193 patients with axial spondyloarthritis who received MRI of the spine and the sacroiliac joints. We quantitatively assessed inflammatory and structural lesions using established MRI-based scoring methods. The significance of the differences between gender, HLA-B27 status, and spine and sacroiliac involvement was determined. Results: In total, 174 patients (90.2%) showed a sacroiliac involvement and 120 patients (62.2%) a combined involvement of the sacroiliac joints and the spine. An isolated sacroiliac involvement was found in 54 patients (28.0%) and an isolated spine involvement in 19 patients (9.8%). The sacroiliac joint was significantly more involved in men than in women ( P < .01), and men had significantly higher scores for structural lesions ( P < .001). The subgroup of HLA-B27–positive patients showed a significantly higher percentage of sacroiliac involvement compared with HLA-B27–negative patients ( P < .05). Conclusions: Spondyloarthritis is a systemic disorder predominantly involving the sacroiliac joints. However, the entire axial skeleton may be affected. In particular, HLA-B27–negative women show atypical manifestations without sacroiliac involvement. Magnetic resonance imaging in spondyloarthritis should cover the entire axial skeleton, ie, sacroiliac joints and the spine to meet the pathophysiology of this disorder and capture the true extent of inflammatory and structural lesions.

scholarly journals A Middle Cuneiform Stress Fracture in an Adolescent Athlete: A Case Report and Literature Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 117954411987871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Krebs ◽  
James Borchers
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Stress Fracture ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Adolescent Athlete

A 13-year-old female soccer and basketball athlete presented with pain in the arch of her foot. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the diagnosis of a middle cuneiform stress fracture. The patient’s stress fracture healed nonoperatively over a 10-week period complicated by nonadherence to a fracture boot, after which she was progressed back to full activity. Knowledge of these fractures and their treatment are important for sports medicine physicians, as they can often be overlooked, given their infrequent occurrence. There have been 8 previous case reports and 1 case series on cuneiform stress fractures, and these are summarized with this case report.

scholarly journals Hydroceles of the Canal of Nuck in Adults—Diagnostic, Treatment and Results of a Rare Condition in Females

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 4026
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Fikatas ◽  
Ioannis-Fivos Megas ◽  
Kiriaki Mantouvalou ◽  
Ibrahim Alkatout ◽  
Sascha S. Chopra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Inguinal Canal ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Laparoscopic Approach ◽  
Parietal Peritoneum ◽  
Open Approach ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Invasive Treatment

Nuck’s hydroceles, which develop in a protruding part of the parietal peritoneum into the female inguinal canal, are rare abnormalities and a cause of inguinal swelling, mostly resulting in pain. They appear when this evagination of the parietal peritoneum into the inguinal canal fails to obliterate. Our review of the literature on this topic included several case reports and two case series that presented cases of Nuck hydroceles which underwent surgical therapy. We present six consecutive cases of symptomatic hydroceles of Nuck’s canal from September 2016 to January 2020 at the Department of Surgery of Charité Berlin. Several of these patients had a long history of pain and consecutive consultations to outpatient clinics without diagnosis. These patients underwent laparoscopic or conventional excision and if needed simultaneous hernioplasty in our institution. Ultrasonography and/or Magnetic Resonance Imaging were used to display the cystic lesion in the inguinal area, providing the diagnosis of Nuck’s hydrocele. This finding was confirmed intraoperatively and by histopathological review. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) captures, intraoperative pictures and video of minimal invasive treatment are provided. Nuck’s hydroceles should be included in the differential diagnosis of an inguinal swelling. We recommend an open approach to external Type 1 Nuck´s hydroceles and a laparoscopic approach to intra-abdominal Type 2 Nuck hydroceles. Complex hydroceles like Type 3 have to be evaluated individually, as they are challenging and the surgical outcome is dependent on the surgeon’s skills. If inguinal channel has been widened by the presence of a Nuck’s hydrocele, a mesh plasty, as performed in hernia surgery, should be considered.

scholarly journals The Management of the Cotyledonoid Leiomyoma of the Uterus: A Narrative Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8521
Author(s):  
Francesca Buonomo ◽  
Sofia Bussolaro ◽  
Clarice de Almeida Fiorillo ◽  
Giorgio Giorda ◽  
Federico Romano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Frozen Section ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Malignant Lesion ◽  
Ultrasound Image ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Conservative Surgery ◽  
Resonance Imaging

Cotyledonoid leiomyoma is an unusual uterine myoma due to some ultrasound features that mimic a malignant lesion facilitating the choice of radical surgery. This study aims to summarize the ultrasound and the magnetic resonance imaging aspects of this atypical lesion, and also discuss surgical treatment and pathological exam. It included all English case reports or case series until August 2021 found through PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. A total of 94 cotyledonoid leiomyomas were reported, with a median tumor size of 12 cm. The typical ultrasound image is characterized by a large solid heterogeneous mass, with high vascularity, no shadowing, and indistinct margins within the myometrium. Magnetic resonance imaging shows the presence of merging isointense nodules to the myometrium in T1-weighted images, hyperintense in T2-weighted images, and contrast agent enhancement. Surgical treatment consists of hysterectomy (75 cases, 80%) or myomectomy (19 cases, 20%), without evidence of recurrence if complete. The placenta-like appearance observed during surgery supports this rare fibroid hypothesis. The intraoperative frozen section can be considered. Microscopically, no atypical cells, signs of mitotic activity or cell necrosis are found. To conclude, some preoperative and intraoperative aspects of this lesion are distinctive and may lead surgeons to opt for conservative surgery.

Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging-aided Diagnosis of Primary Essential Cutis Verticis Gyrata: A Case Report with 5-year Follow-up and Review of the Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 906-910
Author(s):  
Hongzhang Zhu ◽  
Shi-Ting Feng ◽  
Xingqi Zhang ◽  
Zunfu Ke ◽  
Ruixi Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Stable Condition ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Cutis Verticis Gyrata ◽  
Essential Form ◽  
History Of ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Background: Cutis Verticis Gyrata (CVG) is a rare skin disease caused by overgrowth of the scalp, presenting as cerebriform folds and wrinkles. CVG can be classified into two forms: primary (essential and non-essential) and secondary. The primary non-essential form is often associated with neurological and ophthalmological abnormalities, while the primary essential form occurs without associated comorbidities. Discussion: We report on a rare case of primary essential CVG with a 4-year history of normal-colored scalp skin mass in the parietal-occipital region without symptom in a 34-year-old male patient, retrospectively summarizing his pathological and Computer Tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. The major clinical observations on the CT and MR sectional images include a thickened dermis and excessive growth of the scalp, forming the characteristic scalp folds. With the help of CT and MRI Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction techniques, the characteristic skin changes could be displayed intuitively, providing more evidence for a diagnosis of CVG. At the 5-year followup, there were no obvious changes in the lesion. Conclusion: Based on our observations, we propose that not all patients with primary essential CVG need surgical intervention, and continuous clinical observation should be an appropriate therapy for those in stable condition.

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