scholarly journals Neuromodulation Strategies in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: From Preclinical Models to Clinical Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavia Gouveia ◽  
Darryl Gidyk ◽  
Peter Giacobbe ◽  
Enoch Ng ◽  
Ying Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Adequate Response ◽  
Lifetime Prevalence Rate ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Fear And Anxiety ◽  
Deep Brain

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an often debilitating disease with a lifetime prevalence rate between 5–8%. In war veterans, these numbers are even higher, reaching approximately 10% to 25%. Although most patients benefit from the use of medications and psychotherapy, approximately 20% to 30% do not have an adequate response to conventional treatments. Neuromodulation strategies have been investigated for various psychiatric disorders with promising results, and may represent an important treatment option for individuals with difficult-to-treat forms of PTSD. We review the relevant neurocircuitry and preclinical stimulation studies in models of fear and anxiety, as well as clinical data on the use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), and deep brain stimulation (DBS) for the treatment of PTSD.

scholarly journals DBS in Treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Lavano ◽  
Giusy Guzzi ◽  
Attilio Della Torre ◽  
Serena Marianna Lavano ◽  
Raffaele Tiriolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Randomized Controlled Studies ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Deep Brain

Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common debilitating psychiatric condition for which pharmacological therapy is not always solvable. Various treatments have been suggested for these patients. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is currently under investigation for patients affected by PTSD. 2) Methods: We review the neurocircuitry and up to date clinical concepts that may be of relevance for the implementation of DBS in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). 3) Results: The role of DBS in treatment-refractory PTSD patients has been investigated relying on both preclinical and clinical studies. 4) Conclusions: DBS for PTSD is in its preliminary phases and likely to provide hope to patients with medical refractory PTSD following the results of randomized controlled studies.

Generalization of Learned Fear

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph E. Dunsmoor ◽  
Rony Paz
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Pavlovian Fear Conditioning ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Fear Generalization ◽  
Learned Fear ◽  
Fear And Anxiety ◽  
Laboratory Models

Autonomic hyperarousal and avoidance in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can be triggered by a host of stimuli or situations that bear some similarity or association to the trauma event. As these triggers are often encountered in safe environments removed from the original trauma, this overgeneralization of fear and anxiety is a burden that can interfere with daily life. Recent efforts to understand the neurobiology of PTSD have relied on laboratory models of Pavlovian fear conditioning and extinction. This chapter reviews studies of fear generalization in animals and humans, which provide a valuable model to conceptualize the excessive fear generalization characteristic of PTSD.

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