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SICOT-J ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Katherine Wang ◽  
Eustathios Kenanidis ◽  
Zakareya Gamie ◽  
Khurram Suleman ◽  
Mark Miodownik ◽  
...  

Introduction: Our understanding of the impact of the stem fixation method in total hip arthroplasty (THA) on the subsequent management of periprosthetic femoral fractures (PFF) is still limited. This study aimed to investigate and quantify the effect of the stem fixation method, i.e., cemented vs. uncemented THA, on the management of Vancouver Type B1 periprosthetic femoral fractures with the same plate. Methods: Eight laboratory models of synthetic femora were divided into two groups and implanted with either a cemented or uncemented hip prosthesis. The overall stiffness and strain distribution were measured under an anatomical one-legged stance. All eight specimens underwent an osteotomy to simulate Vancouver type B1 PFF’s. Fractures were then fixed using the same extramedullary plate and screws. The same measurements and fracture movement were taken under the same loading conditions. Results: Highlighted that the uncemented THA and PFF fixation constructs had a lower overall stiffness. Subsequently, the mechanical strain on the fracture plate for the uncemented construct was higher compared to the cemented constructs. Conclusion: PFF fixation of a Vancouver type B1 fracture using a plate may have a higher risk of failure in uncemented THAs.


Author(s):  
Owoyele B.V. ◽  
Ayinla M.T. ◽  
Esan A.A. ◽  
Bayo-Olugbami A.

Honey is consumed as food and also used in the treatments of ailment. However, honey of various types exhibit varying properties. Their therapeutic effects are determined by whether the honey is multifloral or monofloral, and also on the variety of nectars the honey is derived from. Manuka and Tualang types of honey were observed to possess anti-ulcer effects. However, no such report is available for University of Ilorin honey. This study therefore aimed to determine the gastroprotective effects of University of Ilorin honey in Wistar rats using two laboratory models for inducing ulcer (HCl/Ethanol and Indomethacin). Twenty rats each were assigned to four groups for each model of ulcer. The rats were treated for 12 days with the administration of distilled water (control), cimetidine (100 mg/kg b.w.) and University of Ilorin honey (250 mg/kg b.w. in one group and 1000 mg/kg b.w in another group). The rats were fasted for 24 hours after the last treatment. Then, the ulcerogens were given orally. After four hours, the rats were sacrificed, gastric juice was collected and the stomachs were examined for ulceration. The results revealed that pre-treatment with University of Ilorin honey reduced gastric index from 6.80±0.20 (1000 mg/kg b.w. to 2.40±0.24 (control) P<0.05 and 7.20±0.37 (1000 mg/kg b.w.) to 3.20±0.37 (control) P<0.05 in HCl/Ethanol and indomethacin induced ulcer models respectively. There was no significant difference in ulcer index between the cimetidine administered rats and the honey administered group (1000 mg/kg bw.), but the honey group (250 mg/kg bw.) was less effective than the cimetidine group in the models used. Also, there were no changes in gastric acidity in all the groups compared with the control group. In conclusion, the results showed that University of Ilorin honey has protective effect on the gastrointestinal tract which is not due to alteration of gastric acidity.


BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas L. Koch ◽  
Frank Hauser ◽  
Cornelis J. P. Grimmelikhuijzen

Abstract Background The animal phylum Cnidaria consists of six classes or subphyla: Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa, Cubozoa, Staurozoa, Anthozoa, and Endocnidozoa. Cnidarians have an early evolutionary origin, diverging before the emergence of the Bilateria. Extant members from this phylum, therefore, are important resources for understanding the evolution of the nervous system. Cnidarian nervous systems are strongly peptidergic. Using genomics, we have recently shown that three neuropeptide families (the X1PRX2amides, GRFamides, and GLWamides) are wide-spread in four (Scyphozoa, Cubozoa, Staurozoa, Anthozoa) out of six cnidarian classes or subphyla, suggesting that these three neuropeptide families emerged in the common cnidarian ancestor. In the current paper, we analyze the remaining cnidarian class, Hydrozoa, and the subphylum Endocnidozoa, to make firm conclusions about the evolution of neuropeptide genes in Cnidaria. Results We analyzed sixteen hydrozoan species with a sequenced genome or transcriptome, using a recently developed software program for discovering neuropeptide genes. These species belonged to various hydrozoan subclasses and orders, among them the laboratory models Hydra, Hydractinia, and Clytia. We found that each species contained three to five neuropeptide families. A common feature for all hydrozoans was that they contained genes coding for (i) X1PRX2amide peptides, (ii) GRFamide peptides, and (iii) GLWamide peptides. These results support our previous conclusions that these three neuropeptide families evolved early in evolution. In addition to these three neuropeptide families, hydrozoans expressed up to two other neuropeptide gene families, which, however, were only occurring in certain animal groups. Endocnidozoa (Myxozoa) are microscopically small endoparasites, which are strongly reduced. For long, it was unknown to which phylum these parasites belonged, but recently they have been associated with cnidarians. We analyzed nine endocnidozoan species and found that two of them (Polypodium hydriforme and Buddenbrockia plumatellae) expressed neuropeptide genes. These genes coded for neuropeptides belonging to the GRFamide and GLWamide families with structures closely resembling them from hydrozoans. Conclusions We found X1PRX2amide, GRFamide, and GLWamide peptides in all species belonging to the Hydrozoa, confirming that these peptides originated in the common cnidarian ancestor. In addition, we discovered GRFamide and GLWamide peptide genes in some members of the Endocnidozoa, thereby linking these parasites to Hydrozoa.


Author(s):  
Audrey Ruple ◽  
Evan MacLean ◽  
Noah Snyder-Mackler ◽  
Kate E. Creevy ◽  
Daniel Promislow

As the most phenotypically diverse mammalian species that shares human environments and access to sophisticated healthcare, domestic dogs have unique potential to inform our understanding of the determinants of aging. Here we outline key concepts in the study of aging and illustrate the value of research with dogs, which can improve dog health and support translational discoveries. We consider similarities and differences in aging and age-related diseases in dogs and humans and summarize key advances in our understanding of genetic and environmental risk factors for morbidity and mortality in dogs. We address health outcomes ranging from cancer to cognitive function and highlight emerging research opportunities from large-scale cohort studies in companion dogs. We conclude that studying aging in dogs could overcome many limitations of laboratory models, most notably, the ability to assess how aging-associated pathways influence aging in real-world environments similar to those experienced by humans. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Animal Biosciences, Volume 10 is February 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Nieto ◽  
Erica N. Grodin ◽  
Claudia G. Aguirre ◽  
Alicia Izquierdo ◽  
Lara A. Ray

AbstractAnimal and human laboratory paradigms offer invaluable approaches to study the complex etiologies and mechanisms of alcohol use disorder (AUD). We contend that human laboratory models provide a “bridge” between preclinical and clinical studies of AUD by allowing for well-controlled experimental manipulations in humans with AUD. As such, examining the consilience between experimental models in animals and humans in the laboratory provides unique opportunities to refine the translational utility of such models. The overall goal of the present review is to provide a systematic description and contrast of commonly used animal paradigms for the study of AUD, as well as their human laboratory analogs if applicable. While there is a wide breadth of animal species in AUD research, the paradigms discussed in this review rely predominately on rodent research. The overarching goal of this effort is to provide critical analysis of these animal models and to link them to human laboratory models of AUD. By systematically contrasting preclinical and controlled human laboratory models, we seek to identify opportunities to enhance their translational value through forward and reverse translation. We provide future directions to reconcile differences between animal and human work and to improve translational research for AUD.


Author(s):  
Ivan Nail-Ulloa ◽  
Sean Gallagher ◽  
Rong Huangfu ◽  
Dania Bani-Hani ◽  
Nathan Pool

This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of 3D L5/S1 moment estimates from a wearable inertial motioncapture system during manual lifting tasks. Reference L5/S1 moments were calculated using inversedynamics bottom-up and top-down laboratory models, based on the data from a measurement systemcomprising optical motion capture and force plates. Nine groups of four subjects performed tasks consistingof lifting and lowering 10 lbs. load with three different heights and asymmetry angles. As a measure ofsystem performance, the root means square errors and absolute peak errors between models werecompared. Also, repeated measures analyses of variance were calculated comparing the means and theabsolute peaks of the estimated moments. The results suggest that most of the estimates obtained from thewireless sensor system are in close correspondence when comparing the means, and more variability isobserved when comparing peak values to other models calculating estimates of L5/S1 moments.


GeroScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica M. Hoffman ◽  
Shanshan Song ◽  
Katharina Brugger ◽  
Teresa G. Valencak

AbstractCompanion animals have recently been proposed as ideal translational models of human aging due to their shared susceptibility for certain diseases, similar environments, and sophisticated veterinary medicine diagnostics, all of which are not possible in rodent laboratory models. Here, we introduce and propose the study of companion animals in China as a largely untapped resource in academic and veterinary aging research. Pet ownership rates along with economic gains in the pet industry have skyrocketed over the last decade in China. Yet, the majority of research institutions still focus on agricultural animal research, not companion animals. In this perspective, we compare available pet ownership rates between the USA, the European Union, and China before focusing on the potential of companion animal aging research in China. In addition, we highlight some ethical considerations that must be addressed before large-scale companion animal aging research can be completed.


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