scholarly journals Evaluation of the Impact of the Envelope System on Thermal Energy Demand in Hospital Buildings

Buildings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 250
Author(s):  
Katia Jiménez Mejía ◽  
María del Mar Barbero-Barrera ◽  
Manuel Rodríguez Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Energy Simulations ◽  
Glass Surfaces ◽  
The Impact

Construction materials and systems for the thermal building envelope have played a key role in the improvement of energy efficiency in buildings. Urban heat islands together with the upcoming rising global temperature demand construction solutions that are adapted to the specific microclimate conditions. These circumstances are even more dramatic in the case of healthcare buildings where the need to preserve constant indoor temperatures is a priority for the proper recovery of patients. A new neonatal hospital, located in Madrid (Spain), has been monitored, and building energy simulations were performed to evaluate the effect of the building envelope on the energy demand. Based on the simulation results, the design of the building envelope was found to be insufficiently optimised to properly protect the building from the external heat flow. This is supported by the monitored results of the indoor temperatures, which went over the standard limit for about 50% of the hours, achieving up to 27 °C in June and July, and 28 °C in August. The results showed, on one hand, that solar radiation gains transmitted through the façade have an important impact on the indoor temperature in the analysed rooms. Heat gains through the opaque envelope showed an average of 8.37 kWh/day, followed by heat gains through the glazing with an average value of 5.29 kWh/day; while heat gains from lighting and occupancy were 5.21 kWh/day and 4.47 kWh/day, respectively. Moreover, it was shown that a design of the envelope characterised by large glass surfaces and without solar protection systems, resulted in excessive internal thermal loads that the conditioning system was not able to overcome.

scholarly journals Comparative Thermal Analysis of Different Cool Roof Materials for Minimizing Building Energy Consumption

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Anand ◽  
A. Gupta ◽  
A. Maini ◽  
Avi Gupta ◽  
A. Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Cool Roof ◽  
Cool Roofs ◽  
The Impact

The roof and walls in the urban areas contribute to major share in the absorption of solar radiations and also retard the outflow of the absorbed radiation from the building envelope, thereby increasing the global warming by inducing the heat island effect. The impact of using cool roof technologies on the thermal comfort of the office buildings has been estimated. Cool roofs reduce electricity consumption for maintaining the temperature of the air-conditioned buildings in the comfort level and also increase comfort in buildings merely not relying completely on cooling equipment. The cool roofs and cool pavements, however, can mitigate summer urban heat islands by improving indoor air quality and comfort. The thermal analysis of different materials has been carried out to analyze the impact of the rate of heat transfer on the building envelope and the results obtained indicate that different cool roof techniques are beneficial in maintaining the comfort level of the building which purely depends on the ambient temperature conditions.

scholarly journals Urban Heat Islands and Thermal Comfort: A Case Study of Zorrotzaurre Island in Bilbao

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6106
Author(s):  
Irantzu Alvarez ◽  
Laura Quesada-Ganuza ◽  
Estibaliz Briz ◽  
Leire Garmendia
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Climate Index ◽  
Physiological Equivalent Temperature ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
The North ◽  
The Impact

This study assesses the impact of a heat wave on the thermal comfort of an unconstructed area: the North Zone of the Island of Zorrotzaurre (Bilbao, Spain). In this study, the impact of urban planning as proposed in the master plan on thermal comfort is modeled using the ENVI-met program. Likewise, the question of whether the urbanistic proposals are designed to create more resilient urban environments is analyzed in the face of increasingly frequent extreme weather events, especially heat waves. The study is centered on the analysis of temperature variables (air temperature and average radiant temperature) as well as wind speed and relative humidity. This was completed with the parameters of thermal comfort, the physiological equivalent temperature (PET) and the Universal Temperature Climate Index (UTCI) for the hours of the maximum and minimum daily temperatures. The results demonstrated the viability of analyzing thermal comfort through simulations with the ENVI-met program in order to analyze the behavior of urban spaces in various climate scenarios.

scholarly journals Green roofs and cool materials as retrofitting strategies for urban heat island mitigation: Case study in Belgrade, Serbia

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (6 Part A) ◽  
pp. 2309-2324
Author(s):  
Marija Lalosevic ◽  
Mirko Komatina ◽  
Marko Milos ◽  
Nedzad Rudonja
Keyword(s):  
Green Roofs ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Microclimatic Conditions ◽  
Typical Summer ◽  
Planning And Construction ◽  
The Impact

The effect of extensive and intensive green roofs on improving outdoor microclimate parameters of urban built environments is currently a worldwide focus of research. Due to the lack of reliable data for Belgrade, the impact of extensive and intensive green roof systems on mitigating the effects of urban heat islands and improving microclimatic conditions by utilizing high albedo materials in public spaces were studied. Research was conducted on four chosen urban units within existing residential blocks in the city that were representative of typical urban planning and construction within the Belgrade metropolitan area. Five different models (baseline model and four potential models of retrofitting) were designed, for which the temperature changes at pedestrian and roof levels at 07:00, 13:00, 19:00 h, on a typical summer day, and at 01:00 h, the following night in Belgrade were investigated. The ENVI-met software was used to model the simulations. The results of numerical modeling showed that utilizing green roofs in the Belgrade climatic area could reduce air temperatures in the surroundings up to 0.47, 1.51, 1.60, 1.80 ?C at pedestrian level and up to 0.53, 1.45, 0.90, 1.45 ?C at roof level for four potential retrofitting strategies, respectively.

Thermal Bridges Minimizing through Typical Details in Low Energy Designing

2014 ◽  
Vol 899 ◽  
pp. 62-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rastislav Ingeli ◽  
Boris Vavrovič ◽  
Miroslav Čekon
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Building Energy Efficiency ◽  
Low Energy Buildings ◽  
Thermal Bridges ◽  
The Impact

Energy demand reduction in buildings is an important measure to achieve climate change mitigation. It is essential to minimize heat losses in designing phase in accordance of building energy efficiency. For building energy efficiency in a mild climate zone, a large part of the heating demand is caused by transmission losses through the building envelope. Building envelopes with high thermal resistance are typical for low-energy buildings in general. In this sense thermal bridges impact increases by using of greater thickness of thermal insulation. This paper is focused on thermal bridges minimizing through typical system details in buildings. The impact of thermal bridges was studied by comparative calculations for a case study of building with different amounts of thermal insulation. The calculated results represent a percentage distribution of heat loss through typical building components in correlation of various thicknesses of their thermal insulations.

Integrating building modelling with future energy systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Industry Practice ◽  
Carbon Performance ◽  
Tools And Techniques ◽  
Integration Project ◽  
The Impact

The low-carbon building design process for a building engineer is often confined to construction, building services and occupancy. However, as we see coincident changes in climate, technologies, fuels and operation, it becomes important to extend this understanding to include wider energy systems, while clarifying the importance of the built environment within that system. With energy systems, such as the National Grid, involving multiple actors from different disciplines, a key challenge is to provide guidance and future projections that are translated into different discipline-specific vernaculars, but with a genesis of common assumptions. More generally, integration across the disciplines must be reflected by modelling approaches, policy-making frameworks and outputs. This article will demonstrate the initial stages of the energy demand research of the Centre of Energy Systems Integration project, where novel modelling techniques are being used to explore the effect of future buildings on national energy systems. Practical application: The tools and techniques described within this article are designed with future industry practice in mind. The driver is the increased importance of external factors outside the traditional building envelope in determining the energy and carbon performance of a building (or buildings). Building engineers, and others within building design teams, require a new portfolio of tools and resources to better account for the impact of buildings on wider energy systems and vice versa. The role of such practitioners is therefore likely to evolve.

scholarly journals Improvement of Daylight Factor Model for Window Size Optimization and Energy Efficient Building Envelope Designs

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-221
Author(s):  
Chahrazed Mebarki ◽  
◽  
Essaid Djakab ◽  
Abderrahmane Mejedoub Mokhtari ◽  
Youssef Amrane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Window Size ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Nsga Ii ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Building Model ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
The Impact

Based on a new approach for the prediction of the Daylight Factor (DF), using existing empirical models, this research work presents an optimization of window size and daylight provided by the glazed apertures component for a building located in a hot and dry climate. The new approach aims to improve the DF model, considering new parameters for daylight prediction such as the orientation, sky conditions, daytime, and the geographic location of the building to fill in all the missing points that the standard DF, defined for an overcast sky, presents. The enhanced DF model is considered for the optimization of window size based on Non dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA II), for heating and cooling season, taking into account the impact of glazing type, space reflectance and artificial lighting installation. Results of heating and cooling demand are compared to a recommended building model for hot and dry climate with 10% Window to Wall Ratio (WWR) for single glazing. The optimal building model is then validated using a dynamic convective heat transfer simulation. As a result, a reduction of 48% in energy demand and 21.5% in CO2 emissions can be achieved. The present approach provides architects and engineers with a more accurate daylight prediction model considering the effect of several parameters simultaneously. The new proposed approach, via the improved DF model, gives an optimal solution for window design to minimize building energy demand while improving the indoor comfort parameters.

scholarly journals Constructing living buildings: a review of relevant technologies for a novel application of biohybrid robotics

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (156) ◽  
pp. 20190238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Katherine Heinrich ◽  
Sebastian von Mammen ◽  
Daniel Nicolas Hofstadler ◽  
Mostafa Wahby ◽  
Payam Zahadat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
Structural Engineering ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Construction Automation ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Synthetic Construction ◽  
Infrastructure Maintenance

Biohybrid robotics takes an engineering approach to the expansion and exploitation of biological behaviours for application to automated tasks. Here, we identify the construction of living buildings and infrastructure as a high-potential application domain for biohybrid robotics, and review technological advances relevant to its future development. Construction, civil infrastructure maintenance and building occupancy in the last decades have comprised a major portion of economic production, energy consumption and carbon emissions. Integrating biological organisms into automated construction tasks and permanent building components therefore has high potential for impact. Live materials can provide several advantages over standard synthetic construction materials, including self-repair of damage, increase rather than degradation of structural performance over time, resilience to corrosive environments, support of biodiversity, and mitigation of urban heat islands. Here, we review relevant technologies, which are currently disparate. They span robotics, self-organizing systems, artificial life, construction automation, structural engineering, architecture, bioengineering, biomaterials, and molecular and cellular biology. In these disciplines, developments relevant to biohybrid construction and living buildings are in the early stages, and typically are not exchanged between disciplines. We, therefore, consider this review useful to the future development of biohybrid engineering for this highly interdisciplinary application.

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