scholarly journals Oncological Outcomes of Metastasis-Directed Therapy in Oligorecurrent Prostate Cancer Patients Following Radical Prostatectomy

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2271
Author(s):  
Gaëtan Devos ◽  
Charlien Berghen ◽  
Henri Van Eecke ◽  
Arthur Vander Stichele ◽  
Hendrik Van Poppel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Radical Prostatectomy ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Tertiary Referral Center ◽  
Oncological Outcomes ◽  
Castration Resistant ◽  
Kaplan Meier

Several retrospective and a few prospective studies have shown that metastasis-directed therapy (MDT) could delay clinical progression and postpone the initiation of systemic treatment in oligorecurrent prostate cancer (PCa) patients. However, these endpoints are strongly influenced by variables such as concomitant use of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and follow-up imaging protocols. The aim of this manuscript was to assess palliative ADT- and metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC)-free survival as long-term oncological outcomes in oligorecurrent PCa treated by MDT. We retrospectively identified consecutive post-prostatectomy oligorecurrent PCa patients treated by MDT (salvage lymphadenectomy, radiotherapy, or metastasectomy) at our tertiary referral center. Patients were eligible for inclusion if they developed recurrence following radical prostatectomy, had ≤5 metastatic lesions on imaging and had a serum testosterone >50 ng/dL or a testosterone suppression therapy-free interval of >2 years prior to the first MDT as an assumption of recovered serum testosterone (if no testosterone measurement available). Patients with castration-resistant or synchronous oligometastatic PCa at the time of first MDT were excluded. Repeated MDTs were allowed, as well as a period of concomitant ADT. Kaplan–Meier analyses were performed to assess palliative ADT-free and mCRPC-free survival. We identified 191 eligible patients who underwent MDT. Median follow-up from first MDT until last follow-up or death was 45 months (IQR 27–70; mean 51 months). Estimated median palliative-ADT free survival was 66 months (95% CI 58–164) and estimated median mCRPC-free survival was not reached (mean 117 months, 95% CI 103–132). In total, 314 MDTs were performed and 25 patients (13%) received ≥3 MDTs. This study demonstrated that (repeated) MDT is feasible and holds promise in terms of palliative ADT-free and mCRPC-free survival for patients with oligorecurrent PCa. However, these findings should be confirmed in prospective randomized controlled trials.

The effect of AKR1C3 on the switch from prednisone to dexamethasone in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients receiving abiraterone.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 133-133
Author(s):  
Yuchao Ni ◽  
Jinge Zhao ◽  
Junru Chen ◽  
Guangxi Sun ◽  
Sha Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer ◽  
First Line ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Castration Resistant ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Psa Progression ◽  
Biochemical Progression ◽  
First Line Treatment

133 Background: Abiraterone is the first-line treatment for men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) and is recommended to be used with prednisone. Previous studies had demonstrated that the switch from prednisone to dexamethasone in some mCRPC patients can reverse abiraterone-resistance. However, it remains uncertain which group of patients will benefit from such switching. AKR1C3 is a critical enzyme contributing to the drug-resistance of abiraterone. Here, we aim to explore the significance of AKR1C3 in predicting the therapeutic efficacy of the corticosteroid switching in mCRPC patients receiving abiraterone. Methods: In total, 43 PCa patients treated with abiraterone after mCRPC between 2016 and 2018 in our institution were included. After biochemical progression in abiraterone plus prednisone, all cases received a corticosteroid switch to abiraterone plus dexamethasone. The expression of AKR1C3 was detected by immunohistochemical staining from re-biopsy (re‐Bx) of primary prostate lesions at the time of mCRPC. Kaplan‐Meier curves were used to analyze the association between AKR1C3 and treatment outcomes. Results: Totally, AKR1C3 was positive in 19 of 43 (44.19%) cases. In the corticosteroid switch treatment, 30% PSA decline was confirmed in 18/43 (41.86%) patients, while the median PSA progression‐free survival (PSA-PFS) and overall survival (OS) was 4.93 Mo and 31.57 Mo, respectively in the whole cohort. AKR1C3 expression was associated with statistically shorter median PSA-PFS (4.50 Mo vs 7.73 Mo; p =0.010) and numerically lower median OS (25.43 Mo vs 39.37 Mo, p =0.274). While the 30% PSA decline rate was numerically comparable between those with and without AKR1C3 expression (31.6% vs 50.0%, p =0.224). Conclusions: This study showed AKR1C3 detection in tissues from prostate re‐Bx at mCRPC was associated with poor PSA-PFS in the corticosteroid switch from abiraterone plus prednisone to abiraterone plus dexamethasone. These results would be helpful in making optimal personalized treatment decisions for patients with mCRPC, facilitating physicians predicting the effectiveness of corticosteroid switch treatment.

scholarly journals The Effect of Upfront Intensive Therapy on Primary Resistance in Metastatic Castration-sensitive Prostate Cancer: A Multicenter Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshikazu Tanaka ◽  
Shingo Hatakeyama ◽  
Daisuke Noro ◽  
Hirotake Kodama ◽  
Sakae Konishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Real World ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Intensive Therapy ◽  
Tumor Burden ◽  
Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer ◽  
Primary Resistance ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Oncological Outcomes ◽  
Castration Resistant

Abstract We investigated the effect of upfront intensive therapy on primary resistance in patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) in real-world practice. We retrospectively evaluated the medical records of 348 patients with newly diagnosed mCSPC who had a high tumor-burden between January 2008 and May 2021. We compared the oncological outcomes between patients who received conventional androgen deprivation therapy ± bicalutamide (ADT group) and those treated with upfront intensive therapies (upfront group). The primary purpose was comparing the rate of primary resistance between the ADT and upfront groups. The primary resistance was defined as a castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) progression < 6 or < 12 months. The secondary purposes were comparing the CRPC-free survival and overall survival (OS) between the ADT and upfront groups, and assessing safety in the upfront group. We identified 206 and 142 patients for the ADT and upfront groups, respectively. We found the rate of CRPC progression < 6 and < 12 months was significantly lower in the upfront group (9.2% and 18%, respectively) than that in the ADT group (21% and 51%, respectively). The upfront therapy was significantly associated with favorable CRPC-free survival and OS than that in the ADT group in propensity-score adjusted models. A higher rate of any grade adverse events was observed in the upfront docetaxel (94%) than that of the upfront abiraterone (34%) or apalutamide/enzalutamide (39%). In conclusion, the upfront intensive therapy significantly improved the rate of primary resistance and oncological outcomes in patients with mCSPC in real-world practice.

Are patients with Gleason 6 pathology safe from developing metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC)?

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (7_suppl) ◽  
pp. 110-110
Author(s):  
Christoph A. J. von Klot ◽  
Alena Boeker ◽  
Thomas R. W. Herrmann ◽  
Mario W. Kramer ◽  
Markus A. Kuczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Radical Prostatectomy ◽  
Gleason Score ◽  
Initial Therapy ◽  
Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer ◽  
Prostate Biopsies ◽  
Castration Resistant ◽  
Risk Prostate Cancer ◽  
Low Risk Prostate Cancer

110 Background: Prostate cancer may remain clinical unapparent for decades, however at the stage of metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), patients have only limited survival even with new therapeutic options. Recent evidence from histology studies regarding random prostate biopsies hint toward a relationship between higher biopsy Gleason score and the development of mCRPC. A few patients with initial low risk prostate cancer also seem to develop mCRPC. However, prostate biopsy underestimates final pathology in about one third of patients. We therefore evaluated the final whole gland pathology from radical prostatectomy to better assess the risk of progressing to mCRPC for patients with Gleason 6 prostate cancer in particular. Methods: Clinical data was assessed for patients with confirmed mCRPC between 3/2007 and 10/2014. Whole gland pathology workup was not available for patients with either metastatic disease on diagnosis, external radiation therapy or no curatively intended initial therapy. Results: Out of 605 screened patients we identified a total of 77 patients with confirmed mCRPC. Mean PSA at initial diagnosis was 29.5 ng/mL (range 1 - 58 ng/mL ). Mean PSA at the end of follow up was 34.1 ng/mL (range 1 - 71 ng/mL ). A total of 30 patients died during follow up. Distribution of Gleason scores for gleason 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 were 2, 24, 28, 18, 5 patients respectively. Pathological evaluation obtained from laparoscopic or retropubic radical prostatectomy was available in 43 of 77 cases. cases. Interestingly, out of the only two patients with a documented gleason score of 6, one had radiation/I125 brachytherapy while the other had primary anti hormonal therapy. Therefore an understaging may be possible. Out of the confirmed final pathologies, non of the patients had a Gleason score below 7. Conclusions: Our observations suggest a non significant occurrence of mCRPC during the development of prostate cancer for patients with Gleason pathology of less than 7. Our results may potentially help better counseling for patients and need further validation in a larger series.

Genomic predictors of benefit of docetaxel (D) and next-generation hormonal therapy (NHT) in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 5018-5018
Author(s):  
Anis Hamid ◽  
Himisha Beltran ◽  
Atish Dipankar Choudhury ◽  
Christopher Sweeney
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Median Overall Survival ◽  
Radiographic Progression ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer ◽  
Castration Resistant ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Time To Treatment Failure

5018 Background: Predictive genomic biomarkers in mCRPC remain elusive. Prior studies suggest that tumor suppressor (TS) loss is prognostic, and may result in less benefit from NHT, but no impact on D efficacy. We assessed genomic predictors of differential benefit of androgen receptor-targeted therapy and chemotherapy for mCRPC. Methods: Patients with mCRPC and targeted exome sequencing of biopsies obtained after metastatic diagnosis were identified (n=109). Patients with pure small cell histology (n=6) were excluded. Time from NHT or D start to clinical/radiographic progression (time to treatment failure, TTTF) was estimated by Kaplan-Meier method, with censoring at next therapy or last follow-up for non-progressors. Results: 80.1% of patients had bone and/or lymph node-only metastases at mCRPC diagnosis. In total, 87/103 (84.5%) and 61/103 (59.2%) received NHT and D for mCRPC, respectively. Median overall survival was 4.5 years from first mCRPC. The frequency and predictive association of selected recurrently-altered genes are detailed in the table. PTEN alterations (alts) were associated with worse TTTF on NHT, but not D, and a similar trend was observed with BRCA2. Biallelic RB1 loss was strongly predictive, conferring significantly shorter TTTF on both NHT and D. A score based on presence of tumor PTEN alt (1) and/or biallelic RB1 alt (1) was predictive of TTTF on NHT (median TTTF of score 0 vs 1 vs 2: 14.7 vs 12 vs 3.8 months; log rank p=0.003). Conclusions: The presence of single or compound PTEN and RB1 alts predict poorer outcomes with NHT for mCRPC. Chemotherapy may be a preferred therapeutic strategy for this patient population. [Table: see text]

Cabazitaxel multiple rechallenge in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: A therapeutic option to increase overall survival?

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 97-97
Author(s):  
Cedric Pobel ◽  
Edouard Auclin ◽  
Diego Teyssonneau ◽  
Brigitte Laguerre ◽  
Mathilde Cancel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Castration Resistant ◽  
Grade 3

97 Background: Cabazitaxel rechallenge could be a more efficient therapy with an acceptable toxicity than docetaxel in the treatment of patients with a metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and efficacy of cabazitaxel multiple rechallenge. Methods: This is a multicenter, retrospective cohort study including patients from 9 centers in France who received 3 lines or more of cabazitaxel from February 2012 to July 2020. Cabazitaxel schedule differed between patients: 25 mg/m2 q3w, 20 mg/m2 q3w, 16 mg/m2 q2w or 10 mg/m2 weekly. Efficacy was assessed by overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) from each cabazitaxel line start. Only toxicities grade ≥ 3 were reported. Results: Twenty-two patients were included. The median follow-up from mCRPC was 94.7 months, median age at initial diagnosis was 59.5 years old, median ISUP score at diagnosis was 4 and median PSA at diagnosis was 55 ng/ml. Median number of cabazitaxel cycles was 7 at first-line, 6 at first rechallenge, and 5 for subsequent rechallenges. Median OS from mCRPC diagnosis was 105 months. Median PFS from cabazitaxel line start was 11.8 months at first use, 9.6 for first rechallenge and 5.6 in second rechallenge (table). Only one case of febrile neutropenia and 6 events of grade ≥ 3 toxicity were reported. Conclusions: Cabazitaxel multiple rechallenge could efficiently extend OS with manageable toxicities for patients. Even if anti-PARP therapy and immunotherapy are promising treatments, cabazitaxel rechallenge could be also a relevant therapeutic option for long responder patients. Specific biomarkers should be explored to predict the efficacy of cabazitaxel rechallenge. [Table: see text]

Radium-223 retreatment in an international, open-label, phase 1/2 study in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer and bone metastases: 2-year follow-up.

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 178-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Oliver Sartor ◽  
Daniel Heinrich ◽  
Neil Mariados ◽  
María José Méndez-Vidal ◽  
Daniel Keizman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Radiographic Progression ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Castration Resistant ◽  
Radium 223 ◽  
Open Label Phase

178 Background: Radium-223 (Ra-223) treatment (tx) is indicated for patients (pts) with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and symptomatic bone metastases (mets) (6 × 55 kBq/kg IV injections [inj]; 1 inj q4wk). Early results of an international, open-label, phase 1/2 study (NCT01934790) showed that re-treating pts with Ra-223 was well tolerated with favorable effects on disease progression. Here we report safety and efficacy findings from a 2-year follow-up. Methods: Pts with CRPC and bone mets who completed 6 initial Ra-223 inj with no disease progression in bone and later progressed were eligible for Ra-223 re-tx (6 additional Ra-223 inj), provided that hematologic parameters were adequate. No concomitant cytotoxic agents were allowed; other concomitant agents (eg, abiraterone, enzalutamide) were allowed at investigator discretion. The primary objective was safety. Exploratory objectives were time to radiographic bone progression, radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS), overall survival (OS), time to first symptomatic skeletal event (SSE), and SSE-free survival, all calculated from re-tx start. Pts will be followed for safety up to 7 years after last Ra-223 dose; an active 2-year follow-up evaluated exploratory objectives. Safety results from the active follow-up period and updated efficacy are reported. Results: 44 pts were re-treated with Ra-223; 29 (66%) completed all 6 inj (median number inj = 6). 34 (77%) of 44 pts entered active follow-up, during which no new safety concerns were noted. One new primary malignancy was reported (basal cell carcinoma). There were no serious drug-related adverse events. 19 (43%) of 44 pts had an rPFS event (radiographic progression or death); median rPFS was 9.9 months. Only 5 (11%) of 44 pts had radiographic bone progression; median time to radiographic bone progression was not reached. Median OS was 24.4 months. Median time to first SSE and SSE-free survival were 16.7 and 12.8 months, respectively. Conclusions: Re-treating with Ra-223 was well tolerated in this select pt population, led to minimal hematologic toxicity, and provided continued disease control in bone at 2-year follow-up. Clinical trial information: NCT01934790.

scholarly journals Higher Serum Testosterone Levels Associated with Favorable Prognosis in Enzalutamide- and Abiraterone-Treated Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichi Sakamoto ◽  
Maihulan Maimaiti ◽  
Minhui Xu ◽  
Shuhei Kamada ◽  
Yasutaka Yamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Prognostic Factor ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer ◽  
First Line ◽  
Favorable Prognosis ◽  
First Line Therapy ◽  
Castration Resistant ◽  
Line Therapy ◽  
Kaplan Meier

Testosterone plays a significant role in maintaining the tumor microenvironment. The role of the target serum testosterone (TST) level in enzalutamide- (Enza) and abiraterone (Abi)-treated castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients was studied. In total, 107 patients treated with Enza and/or Abi at Chiba University Hospital and affiliated hospitals were studied. The relationships between progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and clinical factors were studied by Cox proportional hazard and Kaplan–Meier models. In the Abi and Enza groups overall, TST ≥ 13 ng/dL (median) (Hazard Ratio (HR) 0.43, p = 0.0032) remained an independent prognostic factor for PFS. In the Enza group, TST ≥ 13 ng/dL (median) was found to be a significant prognostic factor (HR 0.28, p = 0.0044), while, in the Abi group, TST ≥ 12 ng/dL (median) was not significant (HR 0.40, p = 0.0891). TST showed significant correlation with PFS periods (r = 0. 32, p = 0.0067), whereas, for OS, TST ≥ 13 ng/dL (median) showed no significant difference in the Abi and Enza groups overall. According to Kaplan–Meier analysis, a longer PFS at first-line therapy showed a favorable prognosis in the Enza group (p = 0.0429), while no difference was observed in the Abi group (p = 0.6051). The TST level and PFS of first-line therapy may be considered when determining the treatment strategy for CRPC patients.

Oncological outcomes in high-risk prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy based on Gleason score: USC experience with 3,755 cases.

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (7_suppl) ◽  
pp. 60-60
Author(s):  
Hooman Djaladat ◽  
Weichen Xu ◽  
Jie Cai ◽  
Gary Lieskovsky ◽  
Siamak Daneshmand
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Radical Prostatectomy ◽  
Gleason Score ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Adjuvant Radiation ◽  
Recurrence Free Survival ◽  
Clinical Recurrence ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Oncological Outcomes

60 Background: Gleason score is an important predictor of oncological outcomes after radical prostatectomy. However, it remains unclear whether there is a difference in outcomes between Gleason score (GS) 8 and 9-10 disease. We compare oncological outcomes after open radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer patients with GS of 8 versus 9-10. Methods: Of 3,755 radical prostatectomy patients (1987-2008), 360 patients with final pathology of GS 8, 9 or 10 and N0M0 were included. No significant differences between age, race and surgical margins between the two groups. Impact of GS on outcomes was controlled for preoperative PSA, pathological stage, use of adjuvant radiation therapy and use of neoadjuvant/adjuvant hormone deprivation therapy in multivariable analyses. Outcomes of interest were biochemical recurrence free survival (BCRFS), clinical recurrence free survival (CRFS) and overall survival (OS). Kaplan Meier plots, log rank tests and multivariable Cox regression model were used to analyze the data. Results: Median follow-up for GS 8 and GS 9-10 were 10.0 years and 8.6 years, respectively (p=0.43). Conclusions: Long term follow up after radical prostatectomy reveals significant differences in BCRFS and CRFS but not OS between patients with GS 8 vs. 9-10 prostate cancers. Further studies may examine sub-stratification of GS 8 tumors into a lower risk category than GS 9-10 tumors. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Overexpression of CXCR7 is a Novel Indicator for Enzalutamide Resistance in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Yong Luo ◽  
Qiankun Li ◽  
Xiaobing Yang ◽  
Dechao Wei ◽  
Bingfu Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Median Time ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Negative Group ◽  
Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Positive Group ◽  
Castration Resistant ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Psa Response

Background. To evaluate whether the overexpression of chemokine receptor-7 (CXCR7) in prostatic tissues obtained from men with Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC) is associated with resistance to enzalutamide (Enza). Methods. Based on the inclusion criteria of CRPC in EAU guidelines, all eligible patients treated in our hospital from January 2015 to December 2019 were included. Cases underwent radical prostatectomy, docetaxel-based chemotherapy, or new endocrine therapies (including Enza or abiraterone), and cases with severe cardiopulmonary disease or other malignant tumors were excluded. After immunohistochemical staining for CXCR7 expression in prostatic biopsy tissues, all enrolled cases were divided into two groups, namely, the CXCR7-positive group and the CXCR7-negative group. And then, PSA response to Enza treatment was recorded in detail and comparatively analyzed. In addition, the Cox proportional hazard modeling and the Kaplan-Meier analysis were used to determine PSA progression-free survival (PSAP-FS) and clinical or radiographic progression-free survival (CRP-FS) in this cohort. Results. A total of 79 CRPC individuals were enrolled and evaluated in this study. Median follow-up durations were 24 months (range, 12-42) in the CXCR7-positive group ( n = 47 ) and 28.5 months (range, 12-42) in the CXCR7-negative group ( n = 32 ). The patients with lower CXCR7 expression showed much better PSA response to Enza treatment. There was 84.4% of CXCR7- cases showing decreasing PSA response, while there were 71.4% in the CXCR7/1+ group and 31.2% in the CXCR7/2+ group, respectively. All patients in the CXCR7/3+ group showed increasing PSA response to Enza treatment. And the percentage of patients whose PSA decreased over 50% is significantly higher in the CXCR7-negative group than in the CXCR7-positive group (68.8% vs. 8.5%, P < 0.001 ), and the percentage of patients whose PSA decreased over 90% is also remarkably higher in the CXCR7-negative group (43.8% vs. 0, P < 0.001 ). The Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that the oncologic outcomes of CXCR7-negative patients were improved much significantly by Enza treatment in comparison with those of CXCR7-positive patients. Significantly increased median PSAP-FS (21 months vs. 6 months, P < 0.0001 ) and CRP-FS (27 months vs. 9 months, P < 0.0001 ) were obtained in the CXCR7-negative group. The further stratified analysis in all CXCR7-positive patients demonstrated that the patients with higher CXCR7 expression showed much worse outcome. The median time of PSAP-FS was 21 months in the CXCR7/1+ group, 9 months in the CXCR7/2+ group, and 6 months in the CXCR7/3+ group, while the median time of CRP-FS was 21 months in the CXCR7/1+ group, 12 months in the CXCR7/2+ group, and 6 months in the CXCR7/3+ group, respectively. Conclusion. Overexpression of CXCR7 induced by an AR antagonist in CRPC patients displays much better treatment response to Enza. CXCR7 might be a novel therapeutic target gene for CRPC patients.

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