Circulating microRNAs as Diagnostic Markers in Primary Aldosteronism

Primary aldosteronism (PA) is a common and highly treatable condition, usually resulting from adrenocortical tumorous growth or hyperplasia. PA is currently underdiagnosed owing to its complex and protracted diagnostic procedures. A simplified biomarker-based test would be highly valuable in reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Circulating microRNAs are emerging as potential biomarkers for a number of conditions due to their stability and accessibility. PA is known to alter microRNA expression in adrenocortical tissue; if these changes or their effects are mirrored in the circulating miRNA profile, then this could be exploited by a diagnostic test. However, the reproducibility of studies to identify biomarker-circulating microRNAs has proved difficult for other conditions due to a series of technical challenges. Therefore, any studies seeking to definitively identify circulating microRNA biomarkers of PA must address this in their design. To this end, we are currently conducting the circulating microRNA arm of the ongoing ENS@T-HT study. In this review article, we present evidence to support the utility of circulating microRNAs as PA biomarkers, describe the practical challenges to this approach and, using ENS@T-HT as an example, discuss how these might be overcome.

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Identification of several circulating microRNAs from a genome-wide circulating microRNA expression profile as potential biomarkers for impaired glucose metabolism in polycystic ovarian syndrome

Endocrine ◽

10.1007/s12020-016-0878-9 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 280-290 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Linlin Jiang ◽

Jia Huang ◽

Yaxiao Chen ◽

Yabo Yang ◽

Ruiqi Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Expression Profile ◽

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ◽

Circulating Microrna ◽

Impaired Glucose Metabolism ◽

Circulating Micrornas ◽

Genome Wide ◽

A Genome ◽

Ovarian Syndrome ◽

Potential Biomarkers

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Circulating microRNAs as potential biomarkers of differential susceptibility to traumatic stress

10.26226/morressier.5971be85d462b80290b5271b ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Laurence de Nijs

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Stress ◽

Differential Susceptibility ◽

Circulating Micrornas ◽

Potential Biomarkers

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Data Integration Reveals the Potential Biomarkers of Circulating MicroRNAs in Osteoarthritis

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11030412 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 412

Author(s):

Thuan Duc Lao ◽

Thuy Ai Huyen Le

Keyword(s):

Target Genes ◽

Potential Implication ◽

Circulating Micrornas ◽

Abnormal Expression ◽

Online Databases ◽

Socioeconomic Burden ◽

Therapeutic Tools ◽

Potential Use ◽

Potential Biomarkers

The abnormal expression of circulating miRNAs (c-miRNAs) has become an emerging field in the development of miRNAs-based diagnostic and therapeutic tools for human diseases, including osteoarthritis (OA). OA is the most common form of arthritis leading to disability and a major socioeconomic burden. The abnormal expression of miRNAs plays important roles in the pathogenesis of OA. Unraveling the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of OA will throw light on the potential for the development of miRNAs-based diagnostic and therapeutic tools for OA. This article reviews and highlights recent advances in the study of miRNAs in OA, with specific demonstration of the functions of miRNA, especially c-miRNA, in OA pathogenesis as well as its potential implication in the treatment of OA. Based on a systematic literature search using online databases, we figured out the following main points: (1) the integrative systematic review of c-mRNAs and its target genes related to OA pathogenesis; (2) the potential use of c-miRNAs for OA diagnosis purposes as potential biomarkers; and (3) for therapeutic purposes, and we also highlight certain remedies that regulate microRNA expression based on its target genes.

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Recent Development toward the Next Clinical Practice of Primary Aldosteronism: A Literature Review

Biomedicines ◽

10.3390/biomedicines9030310 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 310

Author(s):

Yuta Tezuka ◽

Yuto Yamazaki ◽

Yasuhiro Nakamura ◽

Hironobu Sasano ◽

Fumitoshi Satoh

Keyword(s):

Clinical Practice ◽

Primary Aldosteronism ◽

Diagnostic Procedures ◽

Secondary Hypertension ◽

Refractory Hypertension ◽

Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽

Histopathological Classification ◽

Subtype Differentiation ◽

Work Up

For the last seven decades, primary aldosteronism (PA) has been gradually recognized as a leading cause of secondary hypertension harboring increased risks of cardiovascular incidents compared to essential hypertension. Clinically, PA consists of two major subtypes, surgically curable and uncurable phenotypes, determined as unilateral or bilateral PA by adrenal venous sampling. In order to further optimize the treatment, surgery or medications, diagnostic procedures from screening to subtype differentiation is indispensable, while in the general clinical practice, the work-up rate is extremely low even in the patients with refractory hypertension because of the time-consuming and labor-intensive nature of the procedures. Therefore, a novel tool to simplify the diagnostic flow has been recently in enormous demand. In this review, we focus on recent progress in the following clinically important topics of PA: prevalence of PA and its subtypes, newly revealed histopathological classification of aldosterone-producing lesions, novel diagnostic biomarkers and prediction scores. More effective strategy to diagnose PA based on better understanding of its epidemiology and pathology should lead to early detection of PA and could decrease the cardiovascular and renal complications of the patients.

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Circulating microRNAs (cmiRNAs) as novel potential biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma

Neoplasma ◽

10.4149/neo_2013_018 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 60 (02) ◽

pp. 135-142 ◽

Cited By ~ 68

Author(s):

J. QI ◽

J. WANG ◽

H. KATAYAMA ◽

S. SEN ◽

S. M. LIU

Keyword(s):

Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽

Circulating Micrornas ◽

Potential Biomarkers

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Circulating microRNAs as potential biomarkers for coronary plaque rupture

Oncotarget ◽

10.18632/oncotarget.18308 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (29) ◽

pp. 48145-48156 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Sufang Li ◽

Chongyou Lee ◽

Junxian Song ◽

Changlin Lu ◽

Jun Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plaque Rupture ◽

Coronary Plaque ◽

Circulating Micrornas ◽

Potential Biomarkers

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Unique Circulating MicroRNA Associations with Dysglycemia in People Living with HIV and Alcohol Use

Physiological Genomics ◽

10.1152/physiolgenomics.00085.2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Brianna L Bourgeois ◽

Hui-Yi Lin ◽

Alice Y Yeh ◽

Danielle E. Levitt ◽

Stefany DePrato Primeaux ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Use ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Circulating Microrna ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Circulating Micrornas ◽

Altered Glucose ◽

Function Correlation ◽

Living With Hiv

People living with HIV (PLWH) have increased prevalence of comorbid conditions including insulin resistance and at-risk alcohol use. Circulating microRNAs (miRs) may serve as minimally invasive indicators of pathophysiological states. We aimed to identify whether alcohol modulates circulating miR associations with measures of glucose/insulin dynamics in PLWH. PLWH (N=96; 69.8% male) enrolled in the Alcohol & Metabolic Comorbidities in PLWH: Evidence-Driven Interventions (ALIVE-Ex) study were stratified into negative phosphatidylethanol (PEth<8ng/ml, N=42) and positive PEth (PEth≥8ng/ml, N=54) groups. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was administered, and total RNA was isolated from fasting plasma to determine absolute miR expression. Circulating miRs were selected based on their role in skeletal muscle (miR-133a, miR-206), pancreatic β-cell (miR-375), liver (miR-20a), and adipose tissue (miR-let-7b, miR-146a, miR-221) function. Correlation and multiple regression analyses between miR expression and adiponectin, 2h glucose, insulin, and C-peptide values were performed adjusting for BMI category, age, sex, and viral load. miR-133a was negatively associated with adiponectin (p=0.002) in the negative PEth group, and miR-20a was positively associated with 2h glucose (p=0.013) in the positive PEth group. Regression analyses combining miRs demonstrated that miR-133a (p<0.001) and miR-221 (p=0.010) together predicted adiponectin in the negative PEth group. miR-20a (p<0.001) and miR-375 (p=0.002) together predicted 2h glucose in the positive PEth group. Our results indicate that associations between miRs and measures of glucose/insulin dynamics differed between PEth groups suggesting that the pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to altered glucose homeostasis in PLWH are potentially modulated by alcohol use.

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