Unique Circulating MicroRNA Associations with Dysglycemia in People Living with HIV and Alcohol Use

People living with HIV (PLWH) have increased prevalence of comorbid conditions including insulin resistance and at-risk alcohol use. Circulating microRNAs (miRs) may serve as minimally invasive indicators of pathophysiological states. We aimed to identify whether alcohol modulates circulating miR associations with measures of glucose/insulin dynamics in PLWH. PLWH (N=96; 69.8% male) enrolled in the Alcohol & Metabolic Comorbidities in PLWH: Evidence-Driven Interventions (ALIVE-Ex) study were stratified into negative phosphatidylethanol (PEth<8ng/ml, N=42) and positive PEth (PEth≥8ng/ml, N=54) groups. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was administered, and total RNA was isolated from fasting plasma to determine absolute miR expression. Circulating miRs were selected based on their role in skeletal muscle (miR-133a, miR-206), pancreatic β-cell (miR-375), liver (miR-20a), and adipose tissue (miR-let-7b, miR-146a, miR-221) function. Correlation and multiple regression analyses between miR expression and adiponectin, 2h glucose, insulin, and C-peptide values were performed adjusting for BMI category, age, sex, and viral load. miR-133a was negatively associated with adiponectin (p=0.002) in the negative PEth group, and miR-20a was positively associated with 2h glucose (p=0.013) in the positive PEth group. Regression analyses combining miRs demonstrated that miR-133a (p<0.001) and miR-221 (p=0.010) together predicted adiponectin in the negative PEth group. miR-20a (p<0.001) and miR-375 (p=0.002) together predicted 2h glucose in the positive PEth group. Our results indicate that associations between miRs and measures of glucose/insulin dynamics differed between PEth groups suggesting that the pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to altered glucose homeostasis in PLWH are potentially modulated by alcohol use.

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Psychological Distress and Its Correlates among Newly Diagnosed People Living with HIV in Northwest Ethiopia: Ordinal Logistic Regression Analyses

Infectious Diseases Research and Treatment ◽

10.1177/1178633721994598 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

pp. 117863372199459

Author(s):

Nurilign Abebe Moges ◽

Olubukola Adeponle Adesina ◽

Micheal A Okunlola ◽

Yemane Berhane ◽

Joshua Odunayo Akinyemi

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Psychological Distress ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Health Centers ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

History Of ◽

Living With Hiv

Background: Although there is a high burden of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), studies on mental health issues among people living with HIV are scarce. The study addressed the transition to “test and treat” guidelines for HIV, which makes it unique regarding its evaluation of psychological distress amongst newly initiated people living with HIV in the test and treat era. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 689 people newly diagnosed with HIV. Symptoms of psychological distress were measured using the Kessler-10 psychological distress assessment scale. Factors associated with psychological distress were captured using interviewer-administered questionnaires. Ordinal logistic regression analyses were employed to identify predictors of psychological distress. Results: The magnitude of psychological distress was 58.63% (95% CI = 55.2%-62.3%). The severity of the psychological distress of which, 17.42% had severe distress. Psychological distress was observed more among female patients (β = 0.47, AOR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.12, 2.27), patients presented with opportunistic infections (β = 0.50, AOR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.03, 2.66) and being non-working functional status (β = 0.99, AOR = 2.70, 95% CI = 1.64, 4.45). Moreover, patients who were malnourished (β = 0.46, AOR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.09, 2.26), having good level of knowledge on HIV prevention (β = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.55, 0.39, 0.78), presented with sexually transmitted infection (β = 0.48, AOR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.01, 2.58), history of alcohol use (β = 0.44, AOR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.09, 2.21), perceived stigma (β = 0.08, AOR = 1.09 95% CI = 1.04, 1.15) and treated in health centers (β = 0.55, AOR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.25, 2.41) had higher odds of psychological distress. Conclusion: The large majority of newly diagnosed HIV patients suffered from psychological distress. An increased vulnerability was observed among females, those with opportunistic and sexually transmitted infections, those having poor functional status and malnourished. Furthermore, HIV patients treated in health centers, those who had history of alcohol use and patients with high level of HIV related stigma are more negatively affected by the HIV diagnosis. Hence, all intervention strategies should target all the identified predictors.

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Cultural Adaptation of an Intervention to Reduce Hazardous Alcohol Use Among People Living with HIV in Southwestern Uganda

AIDS and Behavior ◽

10.1007/s10461-021-03186-z ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anna M. Leddy ◽

Judith A. Hahn ◽

Monica Getahun ◽

Nneka I. Emenyonu ◽

Sarah E. Woolf-King ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Use ◽

Cultural Adaptation ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Hazardous Alcohol Use ◽

Hazardous Alcohol ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Southwestern Uganda

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Negative Consequences of Alcohol Use among People Living with HIV

Substance Use & Misuse ◽

10.1080/10826084.2021.1899232 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Rebecca J. Fisk ◽

Veronica L. Richards ◽

Robert F. Leeman ◽

Babette Brumback ◽

Christa Cook ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Use ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Living With Hiv

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A Step Closer to the “Fourth 90”: A Practical Narrative Review of Diagnosis and Management of Nutritional Issues of People Living with HIV

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11112047 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 2047

Author(s):

Davide Fiore Bavaro ◽

Paola Laghetti ◽

Mariacristina Poliseno ◽

Nicolò De Gennaro ◽

Francesco Di Gennaro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Disease Stage ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Diagnosis And Management ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Living With Hiv

The quality of life of people living with HIV (PLWH) has remarkably increased thanks to the introduction of combined antiretroviral therapy. Still, PLWH are exposed to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and liver disease. Hence, the purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about diagnosis and nutritional management with specific indication of macro and micronutrients intake for the main comorbidities of PLWH. In fact, a prompt diagnosis and management of lifestyle behaviors are fundamental steps to reach the “fourth 90”. To achieve an early diagnosis of these comorbidities, clinicians have at their disposal algorithms such as the Framingham Score to assess cardiovascular risk; transient elastography and liver biopsy to detect NAFLD and NASH; and markers such as the oral glucose tolerance test and GFR to identify glucose impairment and renal failure, respectively. Furthermore, maintenance of ideal body weight is the goal for reducing cardiovascular risk and to improve diabetes, steatosis and fibrosis; while Mediterranean and low-carbohydrate diets are the dietetic approaches proposed for cardioprotective effects and for glycemic control, respectively. Conversely, diet management of chronic kidney disease requires different nutritional assessment, especially regarding protein intake, according to disease stage and eventually concomitant diabetes.

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Depression, suicidality, and alcohol use disorder among people living with HIV/AIDS in Nigeria

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-017-4467-5 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Catherine O. Egbe ◽

Patrick S. Dakum ◽

Ernest Ekong ◽

Brandon A. Kohrt ◽

John G. Minto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Use ◽

Alcohol Use Disorder ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

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Revisiting the role of insulin-like growth factor-1 measurement after surgical treatment of acromegaly

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/clinem/dgab186 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

In-Ho Jung ◽

Seonah Choi ◽

Cheol Ryong Ku ◽

Sang-Guk Lee ◽

Eun Jig Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surgical Treatment ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Pituitary Tumors ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Severance Hospital

Abstract Context In the management of growth hormone (GH)-secreting pituitary adenomas, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) has been the gold standard not only for diagnoses but also for the determination of biochemical remission. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is an essential biomarker although it should be adjusted for both age and sex. Objective We evaluated whether IGF-1 levels could serve as a reliable alternative to an OGTT for disease monitoring after the surgical treatment of acromegaly. Design Retrospective study. Setting Severance Hospital. Patients We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 320 patients who underwent surgical resection of their GH-secreting pituitary tumors. Main Outcome Measures Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed to validate the accuracy of IGF-1 levels for the assessment of remission. In addition, regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with discrepancy between OGTT and IGF-1 levels. Results Except for 1 week after surgery, ROC analyses showed an area under the curve of greater than 0.8 for IGF-1 at all time points. Of 320 patients, 270 achieved endocrine remission after surgery alone. Among these patients, IGF-1 levels were normalized in 250 patients. The mean duration from surgery to IGF-1 normalization was 4.7 months. Regression analyses demonstrated that risk of failed IGF-1 normalization was increased by 3.1-fold when the tumor invaded the cavernous sinus and increased by 9.0-fold in patients with incomplete tumor removal. Conclusions IGF-1 level is a reliable alternative to OGTT and plays a valuable role in monitoring acromegaly status.

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‘What will it take’: addressing alcohol use among people living with HIV in South Africa

International Journal of STD & AIDS ◽

10.1177/0956462419862899 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 30 (11) ◽

pp. 1049-1054 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

K Sorsdahl ◽

NK Morojele ◽

CD Parry ◽

CT Kekwaletswe ◽

N Kitleli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Brief Intervention ◽

Hiv Treatment ◽

Hiv And Aids ◽

Hiv Care ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Screening And Brief Intervention ◽

Treatment Services ◽

Living With Hiv

Given that hazardous and harmful alcohol use has been identified as a significant barrier to adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in South Africa, alcohol reduction interventions delivered within HIV treatment services are being investigated. Prior to designing and implementing an alcohol-focused screening and brief intervention (SBI), we explored patients’ perceptions of alcohol as a barrier to HIV treatment, the acceptability of providing SBIs for alcohol use within the context of HIV services and identifying potential barriers to patient uptake of this SBI. Four focus groups were conducted with 23 participants recruited from three HIV treatment sites in Tshwane, South Africa. Specific themes that emerged included: (1) barriers to ART adherence, (2) available services to address problematic alcohol use and (3) barriers and facilitators to delivering a brief intervention to address alcohol use within HIV care. Although all participants in the present study unanimously agreed that there was a great need for SBIs to address alcohol use among people living with HIV and AIDS, our study identified several areas that should be considered prior to implementing such a programme.

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