scholarly journals Probing Active Sites on Metal-Free, Nitrogen-Doped Carbons for Oxygen Electroreduction: A Review

Catalysts ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ni Zhou ◽  
Nan Wang ◽  
Zexing Wu ◽  
Ligui Li
Keyword(s):  
Active Sites ◽  
Catalytic Mechanism ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Nitrogen Doped ◽  
Metal Free ◽  
Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Orr Activity

The Metal-free nitrogen-doped carbons represent an emerging low-cost nonprecious electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) that is a sluggish process at the cathode of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and a verity of metal-air batteries. During the past few years, the ORR catalytic activity of nitrogen-doped carbons has been significantly increased, making them highly competitive alternatives to conventional precious metals based electrocatalysts for ORR. However, controversies remain in the unambiguous identification of the ORR active sites on nitrogen-doped carbons. This review summarizes the recent progress in probing the potential active sites on metal-free nitrogen-doped carbons for ORR, aiming to gain in-depth understanding of the ORR catalytic mechanism on nitrogen-doped carbons for further enhancing ORR activity.

Effects of transition metal precursors (Co, Fe, Cu, Mn, or Ni) on pyrolyzed carbon supported metal-aminopyrine electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 6195-6206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pan Xu ◽  
Wenzhao Chen ◽  
Qiang Wang ◽  
Taishan Zhu ◽  
Mingjie Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
The Past ◽  
Precious Metal Catalysts ◽  
Metal Precursors

In the past four decades, non-precious metal catalysts (NPMCs) have been extensively studied as low-cost catalyst alternatives to Pt for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells.

scholarly journals Graphene/nitrogen-doped porous carbon sandwiches for the metal-free oxygen reduction reaction: conductivity versus active sites

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (32) ◽  
pp. 12658-12666 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Qiao ◽  
C. Tang ◽  
G. He ◽  
K. Qiu ◽  
R. Binions ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽  
Porous Carbon ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Electronic Conductivity ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Active Nitrogen ◽  
Free Oxygen ◽  
Nitrogen Doped ◽  
Metal Free

Graphene/nitrogen-doped porous carbon sandwiches were prepared by hydrothermal carbonization. Once the electronic conductivity in the carbon–carbon hybrids reaches a certain value, the performance is controlled by the active nitrogen sites.

scholarly journals Fe2O3 Embedded Nitrogen-doped Biomass Carbon as Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 2079 (1) ◽  
pp. 012002
Author(s):  
Yanling Wu ◽  
Huiji Jiao ◽  
Mingqian Hou ◽  
Peng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Nitrogen Doped

Abstract Catalyst for ORR is important in the field of energy conversion. Previous research has shown that nanoparticle-embedded into N-doped carbon materials are a good ORR candidates. Here, Fe2O3/N-doped biomass carbon (named Fe2O3/N-bio-C) ORR catalyst via a pyrolysis process of mixture from the Heme precursor and biomass material (named poplar flowers). The as-synthesized electrocatalyst of Fe2O3/N-bio-C exhibits good electroactivity due to the formation of Fe2O3 nanoparticle active sites and abundant N-containing groups. The work points the way to synthesize the low-cost Fe-based N-doped biomass carbon ORR catalysts.

Enriched graphitic N in nitrogen-doped graphene as a superior metal-free electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (24) ◽  
pp. 19665-19670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangyu Lu ◽  
Dan Wang ◽  
Liping Ge ◽  
Lihui Xiao ◽  
Haiyan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽  
Active Center ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Total N ◽  
Nitrogen Doped ◽  
Metal Free ◽  
Nitrogen Doped Graphene ◽  
Doped Graphene ◽  
Orr Activity

The active center of N-G catalysts for ORR is confirmed to be related to the graphitic N, and the total N content in N-G catalysts is not the key factors to determine the ORR activity.

Nitrogen-doped three-dimensional graphene-supported platinum catalysts for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells application

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 1850015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuqiang Chu ◽  
Xingxing Li ◽  
Wensen Yuan ◽  
Huanhuan Zhu ◽  
Yong Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Pt Nanoparticles ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Nitrogen Doped ◽  
Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Supported Platinum ◽  
Supported Platinum Catalysts

Catalysts are a key component of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In this work, nitrogen-doped three-dimensional graphene-supported platinum (Pt-3DNG) catalysts are successfully prepared and characterized. SEM and TEM images show the Pt nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed in the sheets of nitrogen-doped 3DNG. Compared with that of the commercial Pt/C catalysts, Pt-3DNG show much better oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity and cycling stability, and the reduction in limit current density after 1000 cycles is only about 1.6% for the Pt-3DNG catalysts, whereas 7.2% for the commercial Pt/C catalysts. The single cell using Pt-3DNG catalysts in both the anode and the cathode show a higher peak power density (21.47[Formula: see text]mW cm[Formula: see text] than that using commercial Pt/C catalysts (20.17[Formula: see text]mW cm[Formula: see text] under the same conditions. These properties make this type of catalyst suitable for the application in PEMFCs.

scholarly journals The enhanced activity of Pt–Ce nanoalloy for oxygen electroreduction

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Qin ◽  
Yafeng Zhang ◽  
Deying Leng ◽  
Feng Yin
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Reduction ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Reduction Techniques ◽  
Orr Activity ◽  
Clean Energy Source ◽  
Alloy Catalysts

Abstract The widespread use of low-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells for clean energy source require significant reductions in the amount of expensive electrocatalyst Pt for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Pt based binary alloys are promising materials for more active and stable electrocatalysts. In this paper, we studied Pt–Ce nanoalloy, which was prepared by hydrogen reduction techniques as ORR electrocatalysts. Among all PtCe alloy catalysts, the PtCe/C-800 ℃ shows superior ORR activity, stability and durability compared to commercial Pt/C. The results presented in this paper will provide the future perspectives to research based on Pt-RE (RE = Ce, Dy, Gd, Er, Sm, and La) alloy as an novel electrocatalyst for various electrocatalytic reactions.

scholarly journals Density functional theory study of active sites on nitrogen-doped graphene for oxygen reduction reaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 210272
Author(s):  
Ping Yan ◽  
Song Shu ◽  
Longhua Zou ◽  
Yongjun Liu ◽  
Jianjun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Density Functional Theory ◽  
Reaction Mechanism ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
Nitrogen Doped ◽  
Nitrogen Doped Graphene ◽  
Doped Graphene ◽  
Orr Activity

Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) remains challenging due to its complexity and slow kinetics. In particular, Pt-based catalysts which possess outstanding ORR activity are limited in application with high cost and ease of poisoning. In recent years, nitrogen-doped graphene has been widely studied as a potential ORR catalyst for replacing Pt. However, the vague understanding of the reaction mechanism and active sites limits the potential ORR activity of nitrogen-doped graphene materials. Herein, density functional theory is used to study the reaction mechanism and active sites of nitrogen-doped graphene for ORR at the atomic level, focusing on explaining the important role of nitrogen species on ORR. The results reveal that graphitic N (GrN) doping is beneficial to improve the ORR performance of graphene, and dual-GrN-doped graphene can demonstrate the highest catalytic properties with the lowest barriers of ORR. These results provide a theoretical guide for designing catalysts with ideal ORR property, which puts forward a new approach to conceive brilliant catalysts related to energy conversion and environmental catalysis.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Cobalt and Nitrogen Co-Doped Peat-Derived Carbon Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction in Acidic Media

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 715
Author(s):  
Rutha Jäger ◽  
Patrick Teppor ◽  
Maarja Paalo ◽  
Meelis Härmas ◽  
Anu Adamson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Rotating Disk ◽  
Platinum Group Metal ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Rotating Disk Electrode ◽  
Carbon Supports ◽  
Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Orr Activity ◽  
Carbon Catalysts

In this study, several peat-derived carbons (PDC) were synthesized using various carbonization protocols. It was found that depending on the carbonization method, carbons with very different surface morphologies, elemental compositions, porosities, and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activities were obtained. Five carbons were used as carbon supports to synthesize Co-N/PDC catalysts, and five different ORR catalysts were acquired. The surface analysis revealed that a higher nitrogen content, number of surface oxide defects, and higher specific surface area lead to higher ORR activity of the Co-N/PDC catalysts in acidic solution. The catalyst Co-N/C-2(ZnCl2), which was synthesized from ZnCl2-activated and pyrolyzed peat, showed the highest ORR activity in both rotating disk electrode and polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell tests. A maximum power density value of 210 mW cm−2 has been obtained. The results of this study indicate that PDCs are promising candidates for the synthesis of active non-platinum group metal type catalysts.

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