scholarly journals Selective Conversion of Phenol in a Subcritical Water Medium Using γ-Al2O3 Supported Ni–Co Bimetallic Catalyst

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuzhen Shi ◽  
Shanshuai Chen ◽  
Liang He ◽  
Ping Ning ◽  
Qingqing Guan
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Kinetics ◽  
Bimetallic Catalyst ◽  
Subcritical Water ◽  
Water Medium ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Chemical Reaction Kinetics ◽  
Selective Conversion ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Supported Ni ◽  
Selection Of

The selective conversion of phenolic materials is a well-adopted solution to upgrade lignin-based bioresources into high-value bio-oil in biomass refinery industries. This study focused on four main aspects: characterization, selection of catalysts, reaction dynamics behaviors, and mathematical modelling. A model lignin, that is, phenol, was selectively transformed into cyclohexanol by using the prepared Ni–xCo/γ-Al2O3 catalysts in a subcritical water medium. The hydrogenation results showed that when using 15 wt% of Ni–3Co/γ-Al2O3 particles, both total mole yield and selectivity of cyclohexanol could reach approximately 80%, which further indicated that the particles are suitable for catalytic hydrogenation of phenol in subcritical water. Moreover, a reaction kinetics model was developed by chemical reaction kinetics and least squares regression analysis, the robustness and predictability of which were also verified.

Selective hydrogenation of phenol by the porous Carbon/ZrO2 supported Ni Co nanoparticles in subcritical water medium

2019 ◽  
Vol 215 ◽  
pp. 375-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang He ◽  
Zhaodong Niu ◽  
Rongrong Miao ◽  
Qiuling Chen ◽  
Qingqing Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Selective Hydrogenation ◽  
Porous Carbon ◽  
Subcritical Water ◽  
Water Medium ◽  
Co Nanoparticles ◽  
Supported Ni

Normal approximations for distributions arising in the stochastic approach to chemical reaction kinetics

1981 ◽  
Vol 18 (01) ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. D. J. Dunstan ◽  
J. F. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Kinetics ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Stochastic Approach ◽  
Algebraic Functions ◽  
Chemical Reaction Kinetics ◽  
Normal Approximations ◽  
Formal Solutions

Earlier stochastic analyses of chemical reactions have provided formal solutions which are unsuitable for most purposes in that they are expressed in terms of complex algebraic functions. Normal approximations are derived here for solutions to a variety of reactions. Using these, it is possible to investigate the level at which the classical deterministic solutions become inadequate. This is important in fields such as radioimmunoassay.

Subcritical water liquefaction of oil palm fruit press fiber for the production of bio-oil: Effect of catalysts

2010 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 745-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Mazaheri ◽  
Keat Teong Lee ◽  
Subhash Bhatia ◽  
Abdul Rahman Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Subcritical Water ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Bio Oil

Biocompatibility and chemical reaction kinetics of injectable, settable polyurethane/allograft bone biocomposites

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 4405-4416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. Page ◽  
Edna M. Prieto ◽  
Jerald E. Dumas ◽  
Katarzyna J. Zienkiewicz ◽  
Joseph C. Wenke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Kinetics ◽  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Allograft Bone ◽  
Chemical Reaction Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of

scholarly journals The rate of the deoxygenation reaction limits myoglobin- and hemoglobin-facilitated O2 diffusion in cells

2012 ◽  
Vol 112 (9) ◽  
pp. 1466-1473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker Endeward
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Reaction Kinetics ◽  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Diffusion Path ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Cardiac Muscle Cells ◽  
Chemical Reaction Kinetics ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Intracellular Diffusion ◽  
O2 Diffusion

A mathematical model describing facilitation of O2 diffusion by the diffusion of myoglobin and hemoglobin is presented. The equations are solved numerically by a finite-difference method for the conditions as they prevail in cardiac and skeletal muscle and in red cells without major simplifications. It is demonstrated that, in the range of intracellular diffusion distances, the degree of facilitation is limited by the rate of the chemical reaction between myglobin or hemoglobin and O2. The results are presented in the form of relationships between the degree of facilitation and the length of the diffusion path on the basis of the known kinetics of the oxygenation-deoxygenation reactions. It is concluded that the limitation by reaction kinetics reduces the maximally possible facilitated oxygen diffusion in cardiomyoctes by ∼50% and in skeletal muscle fibers by ∼ 20%. For human red blood cells, a reduction of facilitated O2 diffusion by 36% is obtained in agreement with previous reports. This indicates that, especially in cardiomyocytes and red cells, chemical equilibrium between myoglobin or hemoglobin and O2 is far from being established, an assumption that previously has often been made. Although the “O2 transport function” of myoglobin in cardiac muscle cells thus is severely limited by the chemical reaction kinetics, and to a lesser extent also in skeletal muscle, it is noteworthy that the speed of release of O2 from MbO2, the “storage function,” is not limited by the reaction kinetics under physiological conditions.

Selection of biomass materials for bio-oil yield: a hybrid multi-criteria decision making approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1377-1384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petchimuthu Madhu ◽  
Chenniappan Nithiyesh Kumar ◽  
Loganathan Anojkumar ◽  
Murugesan Matheswaran
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Biomass Materials ◽  
Selection Of
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