scholarly journals Evaluation of Photosensitive Paper Coatings as Detectors for Instrumentation-Free UV Photometric Analysis Based on Photography-Based Photometry

Chemosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Tatiana G. Choleva ◽  
Afroditi Sfakianaki ◽  
Athanasios G. Vlessidis ◽  
Dimosthenis L. Giokas
Keyword(s):  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Photometric Analysis ◽  
Paper Surface ◽  
Real Samples ◽  
Paper Coatings ◽  
Iron Salts ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Better Than

Photography-based photometry is a technique developed to perform high throughput UV photometric analysis without instrumental detectors in resource-limited settings. Its principle relies on the illumination of a sample with UV irradiation and then capturing the transmitted irradiation on a photosensitive paper surface. Therefore, the photosensitive surface acts as a detector for the determination of the concentration of analytes in the sample. This work aims to investigate the optimum photosensitive paper coatings for capturing the transmitted UV irradiation. To this end, photosensitive coatings based on silver, iron, and dichromate salts were tested using three assays of pharmaceutical and biochemical interest. The results from both calibrations, using standard solutions and the application in real samples, show that photosensitive coatings based on iron salts provide the best results. Importantly, the detection limits and the linear range of the calibration curves were better than those obtained with standard photometry. Based on these findings, cyanotype green papers, are proposed as optimum detectors for photography-based photometry. This finding simplifies the operation of the technique enabling the fabrication of prototype readers for analytical assays performed in resource limited settings, point-of-need applications or in the field.

scholarly journals Autism Detection in Children by Combined Use of Gaze Preference and the M-CHAT-R in a Resource-Scarce Setting

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 994-1006
Author(s):  
Kelly Jensen ◽  
◽  
Sassan Noazin ◽  
Leandra Bitterfeld ◽  
Andrea Carcelen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Better Than

AbstractMost children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), in resource-limited settings (RLS), are diagnosed after the age of four. Our work confirmed and extended results of Pierce that eye tracking could discriminate between typically developing (TD) children and those with ASD. We demonstrated the initial 15 s was at least as discriminating as the entire video. We evaluated the GP-MCHAT-R, which combines the first 15 s of manually-coded gaze preference (GP) video with M-CHAT-R results on 73 TD children and 28 children with ASD, 36–99 months of age. The GP-MCHAT-R (AUC = 0.89 (95%CI: 0.82–0.95)), performed significantly better than the MCHAT-R (AUC = 0.78 (95%CI: 0.71–0.85)) and gaze preference (AUC = 0.76 (95%CI: 0.64–0.88)) alone. This tool may enable early screening for ASD in RLS.

scholarly journals Evaluation of an immunoassay for determination of plasma efavirenz concentrations in resource-limited settings

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 18979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alemseged Abdissa ◽  
Lubbe Wiesner ◽  
Helen McIlleron ◽  
Henrik Friis ◽  
Åse Bengård Andersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Resource Limited

scholarly journals Determination of Serum Carbamazepine Concentration Using Dried Blood Spot Specimens for Resource Limited Settings

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. A874 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Das ◽  
DH Fleming ◽  
BS Mathew ◽  
A B Winston ◽  
AT Prabhakar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dried Blood Spot ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Carbamazepine Concentration ◽  
Blood Spot

scholarly journals Comparison of four low-cost carbapenemase detection tests and a proposal of an algorithm for early detection of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in resource-limited settings

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245290
Author(s):  
Wirittamulla Gamage Maheshika Kumudunie ◽  
Lakmini Inoka Wijesooriya ◽  
Yasanandana Supunsiri Wijayasinghe
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Enhanced Sensitivity ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Better Than

Rapidly progressing antibiotic resistance is a great challenge in therapy. In particular, the infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are exceedingly difficult to treat. Carbapenemase production is the predominant mechanism of resistance in CRE. Early and accurate identification of carbapenemase-producing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CP-CRE) is extremely important for the treatment and prevention of such infections. In the present study, four phenotypic carbapenemase detection tests were compared and an algorithm was developed for rapid and cost-effective identification of CP-CRE. A total of 117 Enterobacteriaceae (54 CP-CRE, 3 non-CP-CRE, and 60 non-CRE) isolates were tested for carbapenemase production using modified Hodge test (MHT), modified carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM), Carba NP test (CNPt), and CNPt-direct test. The overall sensitivity/specificity values were 90.7%/92.1% for MHT, 100%/100% for mCIM, 75.9%/100% for CNPt, and 83.3%/100% for CNPt-direct. OXA-48-like enzymes were detected with 93.2% sensitivity by MHT and >77.3% sensitivity by two Carba NP tests. MHT could only detect half of the NDM carbapenemase producers. CNPt-direct exhibited enhanced sensitivity compared to CNPt (100% vs 25%) for detection of NDM producers. Considering these findings we propose CNPt-direct as the first test followed by mCIM for rapid detection of CP-CRE. With this algorithm >80% of the CP-CRE could be detected within 24 hours from the time the sample is received and 100% CP-CRE could be detected in day two. In conclusion, mCIM was the most sensitive assay for the identification of CP-CRE. CNPt-direct performed better than CNPt. An algorithm consisting CNPt-direct and mCIM allows rapid and reliable detection of carbapenemase production in resource-limited settings.

scholarly journals Spectrophotometric determination of creatinine by monosegmented continuous-flow analysis

1992 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lourival C. de Faria ◽  
Celio Pasquini
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Flow System ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Automatic Method ◽  
Real Samples ◽  
Continuous Flow Analysis ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Better Than

A monosegmented continuous-flow system (MCFS) has been evaluated for determination of creatinine in urine using the Jaffé reaction. The analyser is compact and allows 130 determinations to be performed per hour, with a relative standard deviation of the peak height better than 1.5% (N =10). The results for real samples agree with those obtained by. the standard manual Jaffé procedure and with the kinetic automatic method.

Abstract A118: Optimization of end point PCR for the determination of ESR1, PGR, and ERBB2 expression level in resource-limited settings: Ethiopian context

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zelalem Desalegn Woldesonbet ◽  
Martina Vetter ◽  
Meron Yohannes Nigussie ◽  
Tamrat Abebe Zeleke ◽  
Yonas Bekuretsion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Level ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
End Point ◽  
Erbb2 Expression ◽  
Resource Limited

Determination of serum carbamazepine concentration using dried blood spot specimens for resource-limited settings

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saibal Das ◽  
Denise H Fleming ◽  
Binu S Mathew ◽  
Blessed Winston A ◽  
Appaswamy T Prabhakar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dried Blood Spot ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Carbamazepine Concentration ◽  
Blood Spot

Time and Latitude in South Africa

1972 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
J. Hers
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Astronomical Observations ◽  
Royal Observatory ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Astronomical Determination ◽  
Limited Accuracy ◽  
Better Than

In South Africa the modern outlook towards time may be said to have started in 1948. Both the two major observatories, The Royal Observatory in Cape Town and the Union Observatory (now known as the Republic Observatory) in Johannesburg had, of course, been involved in the astronomical determination of time almost from their inception, and the Johannesburg Observatory has been responsible for the official time of South Africa since 1908. However the pendulum clocks then in use could not be relied on to provide an accuracy better than about 1/10 second, which was of the same order as that of the astronomical observations. It is doubtful if much use was made of even this limited accuracy outside the two observatories, and although there may – occasionally have been a demand for more accurate time, it was certainly not voiced.

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