scholarly journals Preschool Language Development of Children Born to Women with an Opioid Use Disorder

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 268
Author(s):  
Hyun Min Kim ◽  
Reisha M. Bone ◽  
Brigid McNeill ◽  
Samantha J. Lee ◽  
Gail Gillon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Methadone Maintenance ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Prenatally Exposed ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Significant Independent Predictor ◽  
Preschool Language ◽  
Education Participation ◽  
Quality Of Parenting

Increasing evidence suggests that prenatal exposure to opioids may affect brain development, but limited data exist on the effects of opioid-exposure on preschool language development. Our study aimed to characterize the nature and prevalence of language problems in children prenatally exposed to opioids, and the factors that support or hinder language acquisition. A sample of 100 children born to pregnant women in methadone maintenance treatment and 110 randomly identified non-exposed children were studied from birth to age 4.5 years. At 4.5 years, 89 opioid-exposed and 103 non-exposed children completed the preschool version of the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals (CELF-P) as part of a comprehensive neurodevelopmental assessment. Children prenatally exposed to opioids had poorer receptive and expressive language outcomes at age 4.5 years compared to non-opioid exposed children. After adjustment for child sex, maternal education, other pregnancy substance use, maternal pregnancy nutrition and prenatal depression, opioid exposure remained a significant independent predictor of children’s total CELF-P language score. Examination of a range of potential intervening factors showed that a composite measure of the quality of parenting and home environment at age 18 months and early childhood education participation at 4.5 years were important positive mediators.

scholarly journals Preschool Language Development of Children Born to Opioid-Dependent Mothers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun Min Kim ◽  
Reisha Bone ◽  
Brigid McNeill ◽  
Samantha Lee ◽  
Gail Gillon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Methadone Maintenance ◽  
Language Outcomes ◽  
Prenatally Exposed ◽  
Significant Independent Predictor ◽  
Preschool Language ◽  
Education Participation ◽  
Quality Of Parenting

Increasing evidence suggests that prenatal exposure to opioids can adversely influence brain development, yet, limited data exists on the effects of opioid-exposure on preschool language development. Our study aimed to characterize the nature and prevalence of language problems in children prenatally exposed to opioids, and the factors that support or hinder language acquisition. A sample of 100 children born to pregnant women in methadone maintenance treatment and 110 randomly identified non-exposed children were studied from birth to age 4.5 years. At 4.5 years, 89 opioid-exposed and 103 non-exposed children completed the preschool version of the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals (CELF-P) as part of a comprehensive neurodevelopmental assessment. Children prenatally exposed to opioid had poorer receptive and expressive language outcomes at age 4.5 years compared to non-exposed children. After adjustment for child sex, maternal education, other pregnancy substance use, maternal pregnancy nutrition and prenatal depression, opioid exposure remained a significant independent predictor of children’s total CELF-P language score. Examination of a range of potential intervening factors showed that a composite measure of the quality of parenting and home environment at 18 months and early childhood education participation at 4.5 years were important positive mediators.

scholarly journals Psychosis and Comorbid Opioid Use Disorder: Characteristics and Outcomes in Opioid Substitution Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Lamont ◽  
Tea Rosic ◽  
Nitika Sanger ◽  
Zainab Samaan
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Methadone Maintenance ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Mood Stabilizers ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Opioid Substitution Therapy ◽  
Group Status ◽  
Urine Drug ◽  
Retention In Treatment

Abstract Background and Objectives Substance use disorders are highly prevalent among individuals with psychotic disorders and are associated with negative outcomes. This study aims to explore differences in characteristics and treatment outcomes for individuals with psychotic disorders when compared with individuals with other nonpsychotic psychiatric disorders enrolled in treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD). Methods Data were collected from a prospective cohort study of 415 individuals enrolled in outpatient methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). Psychiatric comorbidity was assessed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Participants were followed for 12 months. Participant characteristics associated with having a psychotic disorder versus another nonpsychotic psychiatric disorder were explored by logistic regression analysis. Results Altogether, 37 individuals (9%) with a psychotic disorder were identified. Having a psychotic disorder was associated with less opioid-positive urine drug screens (odds ratio [OR] = 0.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.95, 0.99, P = .046). Twelve-month retention in treatment was not associated with psychotic disorder group status (OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.3, 1.77, P = .485). Participants with psychotic disorders were more likely to be prescribed antidepressants (OR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.06, 4.22, P = .033), antipsychotics (OR = 3.57, 95% CI = 1.74, 7.32, P = .001), mood stabilizers (OR = 6.61, 95% CI = 1.51, 28.97, P = .012), and benzodiazepines (OR = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.11, 4.43, P = .024). Discussion and Conclusions This study contributes to the sparse literature on outcomes of individuals with psychotic disorders and OUD-receiving MMT. Rates of retention in treatment and opioid use are encouraging and contrast to the widely held belief that these individuals do more poorly in treatment. Higher rates of coprescription of sedating and QTc-prolonging medications in this group may pose unique safety concerns.

scholarly journals Physical birth outcomes in neonates prenatally exposed to buprenorphine - our first experiences

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 724-728
Author(s):  
Natasha Simonovska ◽  
Beti Zafirova-Ivanovska ◽  
Aleksandra Babulovska
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Apgar Score ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Chest Circumference ◽  
Birth Length ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Prenatally Exposed ◽  
Opioid Use

Introduction/Objective. Buprenorphine appears generally similar to, and in some cases superior to, methadone in terms of maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes. The objective of the study was to assess some physical birth outcomes in neonates prenatally exposed to buprenorphine. Methods. During a seven-year period, nine patients have been treated with buprenorphine during their pregnancy. All women underwent interview, clinical investigations, biochemical analysis, toxicological screening, viral markers for hepatitis B, C, HIV, with regular check-ups by an obstetrician and a psychiatrist. Newborn outcomes included: birth weight in grams, birth length in centimeters, physical anomalies, head/chest circumference in centimeters, Apgar score at 1 minute / 5 minutes, gestational age (weeks), newborn length of hospital stay in days, breast-feeding, the newborn?s need for pharmacologic treatment after delivery. Results. The mean birth weight was 2,991.11 ? 37 g; birth length was 49.44 ? 2.29 cm; head circumference was 33.11 ? 0.78 cm; chest circumference was 32.33 ? 1 cm; first minute Apgar score was 8.22, fifth minute 9.22; age at delivery was 38.77 ? 1.09 weeks; hospitalization after delivery 4.44 ? 1.13 days. None of the newborns had physical anomalies. Six of the newborns were breastfed. Conclusion. Buprenorphine is a safe and important part of a complete comprehensive treatment approach in pregnant women with opioid use disorder. Buprenorphine treatment of maternal opioid use disorder indicated a low risk of preterm birth, normal birth weight and length, head and chest circumference, Apgar score, short hospitalization after delivery.

scholarly journals The association between health conditions and cannabis use in patients with opioid use disorder receiving methadone maintenance treatment

BJPsych Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ieta Shams ◽  
Nitika Sanger ◽  
Meha Bhatt ◽  
Tea Rosic ◽  
Candice Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Methadone Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Methadone Maintenance ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Opioid Use

Background Cannabis is the most commonly used substance among patients in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) for opioid use disorder. Current treatment programmes neither screen nor manage cannabis use. The recent legalisation of cannabis in Canada incites consideration into how this may affect the current opioid crisis. Aims Investigate the health status of cannabis users in MMT. Method Patients were recruited from addiction clinics in Ontario, Canada. Regression analyses were used to assess the association between adverse health conditions and cannabis use. Further analyses were used to assess sex differences and heaviness of cannabis use. Results We included 672 patients (49.9% cannabis users). Cannabis users were more likely to consume alcohol (odds ratio 1.46, 95% CI 1.04–2.06, P = 0.029) and have anxiety disorders (odds ratio 1.75, 95% CI 1.02–3.02, P = 0.043), but were less likely to use heroin (odds ratio 0.45, 95% CI 0.24–0.86, P = 0.016). There was no association between cannabis use and pain (odds ratio 0.98, 95% CI 0.94–1.03, P = 0.463). A significant association was seen between alcohol and cannabis use in women (odds ratio 1.79, 95% CI 1.06–3.02, P = 0.028), and anxiety disorders and cannabis use in men (odds ratio 2.59, 95% CI 1.21–5.53, P = 0.014). Heaviness of cannabis use was not associated with health outcomes. Conclusions Our results suggest that cannabis use is common and associated with psychiatric comorbidities and substance use among patients in MMT, advocating for screening of cannabis use in this population. Declaration of interest None.

scholarly journals Adjuvant laser meridian massage in men with opioid use disorder on methadone maintenance treatment

Medicine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (39) ◽  
pp. e17319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Long Hu ◽  
Meng-Chang Tsai ◽  
Chun-En Kuo ◽  
Chun-Ting Liu ◽  
Szu-Ying Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methadone Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Methadone Maintenance ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Opioid Use
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