scholarly journals Pilot Sleep Behavior across Time during Ultra-Long-Range Flights

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-527
Author(s):  
Jaime K. Devine ◽  
Jake Choynowski ◽  
Caio R. Garcia ◽  
Audrey S. Simoes ◽  
Marina R. Guelere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Deep Sleep ◽  
Sleep Behavior ◽  
Sleep Timing ◽  
Rest Periods ◽  
Mission Period ◽  
Tracking Device

Fatigue risk to the pilot has been a deterrent for conducting direct flights longer than 12 h under normal conditions, but such flights were a necessity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Twenty (N = 20) pilots flying across five humanitarian missions between Brazil and China wore a sleep-tracking device (the Zulu watch), which has been validated for the estimation of sleep timing (sleep onset and offset), duration, efficiency, and sleep score (wake, interrupted, light, or deep Sleep) throughout the mission period. Pilots also reported sleep timing, duration, and subjective quality of their in-flight rest periods using a sleep diary. To our knowledge, this is the first report of commercial pilot sleep behavior during ultra-long-range operations under COVID-19 pandemic conditions. Moreover, these analyses provide an estimate of sleep score during in-flight sleep, which has not been reported previously in the literature.

scholarly journals Sleep Depth and Patterns of In-Flight Sleep Behavior Across Time During Global Pandemic Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime K. Devine ◽  
Jake Choynowski ◽  
Caio R. Garcia ◽  
Audrey S. Simoes ◽  
Marina R. Guelere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Sleep Behavior ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Sleep Timing ◽  
Sleep Depth ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Mission Period ◽  
Tracking Device

Fatigue risk to commercial pilots operating under global pandemic conditions had not been in-vestigated prior to COVID-19. Examining how pilots slept during COVID-19 pandemic-specific flights can provide a precedent for estimating fatigue risk for future public health emergencies. Twenty (n=20) pilots flying across five COVID-19 humanitarian missions between Brazil and China wore a sleep-tracking device (the Zulu watch), which has been validated for the estimation of sleep timing (sleep onset and offset), duration, efficiency, and sleep depth (Wake, Interrupted, Light, or Deep Sleep) throughout the mission period. Pilots also reported sleep timing, duration and subjective quality of their in-flight rest periods using a sleep diary. To our knowledge, this is the first report of commercial pilot sleep behavior during ultra-long-range operations under COVID-19 pandemic conditions. Moreover, these analyses provide an estimate of sleep depth during in-flight sleep, which has not been reported previously in the literature.

Sleep of Wheelchair Rugby Athletes: Training, Rest and Competition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Sanz-Milone ◽  
Fernanda V. Narciso ◽  
Andressa da Silva ◽  
Milton Misuta ◽  
Marco Túlio de Mello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Efficiency ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Subjective Sleep Quality ◽  
Wheelchair Rugby ◽  
Rest Periods ◽  
Rugby Players

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the sleep-wake cycle of wheelchair rugby athletes during the pre-season compared to in-season. Wheelchair Rugby athletes wore an actigraph monitor during two respective 10-day periods: 1) pre-season and 2) in-season, each of which comprised three training days, three rest days, and four competition days, respectively. In addition, the players completed questionnaires regarding sleepiness, subjective quality of sleep, and chronotype, as well as the use of the sleep diary along with the actigraph measurements (20 days). The wheelchair rugby athletes had poor subjective sleep quality in both stages observed by sleep efficiency below 85% (ES 0.31) and high score in the Pittsburgh questionnaire (effect size-ES 0.55), the actigraphy results presented an increase of sleep latency (ES 0.47), and wake after sleep onset (ES 0.42). When comparing the athlete’s routine, the competition days, demonstrated a reduction in the total time of sleep and the sleep efficiency, in addition to an increase in wakefulness after sleep onset when compared with the training and rest periods. As a result, the wheelchair rugby players did not describe a pattern of sleep-wake cycle during different training phases, as well as poor sleep quality.

Does Chronotype explain Daily Timing of Music Behaviors?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon Wright ◽  
Caroline Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Music Performance ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Sleep Timing ◽  
Music Making ◽  
Daily Changes

We addressed how circadian rhythms influence daily musical activities of performing musicians, who exhibit fine temporal control. Music performances often occur in the evening and late at night; evidence suggests that composing musicians tend to be later chronotypes than non-composing musicians. However, chronotype and daily music-making in performing musicians have yet to be investigated. The current study examined chronotype in actively practicing and/or performing musicians and non-musicians, and whether it was related to the daily timing of music performance. To test influences of daily changes due to the global COVID-19 pandemic, disruptions to musical, athletic, social, and sleep habits were also measured. Performing musicians, active (practicing but non-performing) musicians, inactive musicians, and non-musicians, residing in Canada, completed a 7-day online daily activity and sleep diary in Summer 2020. There were more evening chronotypes than morning chronotypes in the sample. Active/performing musicians tended to be earlier chronotypes than all other groups. Musicians' chronotype, but not nightly sleep timing, predicted the time of day that musicians made music: Late chronotypes made music later in the day and early chronotypes made music earlier in the day. Music performance and practice amount decreased during the COVID-19 period, but the daily timing of these activities did not change. All participants reported later sleep onset during the COVID-19 period; the amount of social interaction decreased during the COVID-19 period, while exercise increased for some and decreased for others. No changes in the daily timing of exercise, social interaction, or morning wake-up were reported. These findings suggest that performing musicians may be slightly earlier chronotypes than non-performing musicians and non-musicians, despite music performances often occurring in the evening. Chronotype was related to the time of day of music-making independent of nightly sleep timing, suggesting that times of day for making music reflect an individual's circadian rhythm.

scholarly journals Genetic and Environmental Influences on Sleep-Wake Behaviours in Adolescence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria S O'Callaghan ◽  
Narelle K Hansell ◽  
Wei Guo ◽  
Joanne S Carpenter ◽  
Haochang Shou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Wake Time ◽  
Sleep Timing ◽  
Genetic Source ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Restorative Sleep

Abstract Study Objectives To investigate the influence of genetic and environmental factors on sleep-wake behaviours across adolescence. Methods Four hundred and ninety-five participants (aged 9 to 17; 55% females), including 93 monozygotic (MZ) and 117 dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs, and 75 unmatched twins, wore an accelerometry device and completed a sleep diary for two weeks. Results Individual differences in sleep onset, wake time, and sleep midpoint were influenced by both additive genetic (44-50% of total variance) and shared environmental (31-42%) factors, with a predominant genetic influence for sleep duration (62%) and restorative sleep (43%). When stratified into younger (aged 9-14) and older (aged 16-17) subsamples, genetic sources were more prominent in older adolescents. The moderate correlation between sleep duration and midpoint (rP = -.43, rG = .54) was attributable to a common genetic source. Sleep-wake behaviours on school and non-school nights were correlated (rP = .44-.72) and influenced by the same genetic and shared environmental factors. Genetic sources specific to night-type were also identified, for all behaviours except restorative sleep. Conclusions There were strong genetic influences on sleep-wake phenotypes, particularly on sleep timing, in adolescence. Moreover, there may be common genetic influences underlying both sleep and circadian rhythms. The differences in sleep-wake behaviours on school and non-school nights could be attributable to genetic factors involved in reactivity to environmental context.

Detachment From Work in Airport Hotels

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben J. Searle
Keyword(s):  
Home Base ◽  
Airline Pilots ◽  
Psychological Detachment ◽  
Rest Periods ◽  
Psychological Detachment From Work

The work of airline pilots is demanding and must be followed by rest periods (slips) so that pilots recover sufficiently well to keep flying safely. When slips occur away from home base, pilots are usually accommodated in a hotel. This paper reviews the phenomenon of psychological detachment from work (i.e., not thinking about work) and its implications for pilot accommodation and recovery. The review suggests that pilots accommodated in hotels located in or close to airports may be less able to psychologically detach from work during slips, with implications for recovery, fatigue, and ultimately safety. The paper presents a rationale for considering psychological detachment from work when evaluating the quality of hotels chosen for pilots.

Sleep in western culture

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Ekirch
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Western Culture ◽  
The Past ◽  
Predominant Form ◽  
Artificial Illumination ◽  
Illness Anxiety

Although a universal necessity, sleep, as the past powerfully indicates, is not a biological constant. Before the Industrial Revolution, sleep in western households differed in a variety of respects from that of today. Arising chiefly from a dearth of artificial illumination, the predominant form of sleep was segmented, consisting of two intervals of roughly 3 hours apiece bridged by up to an hour or so of wakefulness. Notwithstanding steps taken by families to preserve the tranquillity of their slumber, the quality of pre-industrial sleep was poor, owing to illness, anxiety, and environmental vexations. Large portions of the labouring population almost certainly suffered from sleep deprivation. Despite the prevalence of sleep-onset insomnia, awakening in the middle of the night was thought normal. Not until the turn of the nineteenth century and sleep’s consolidation did physicians view segmented sleep as a disorder requiring medication.

scholarly journals 193 Sleep Variability and Affect Dynamics Among College Students during COVID-19 Pandemic

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A78-A78
Author(s):  
Zahra Mousavi ◽  
Jocelyn Lai ◽  
Asal Yunusova ◽  
Alexander Rivera ◽  
Sirui Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Deep Sleep ◽  
Onset Latency ◽  
Sleep Patterns ◽  
Light Sleep ◽  
Affect Dynamics

Abstract Introduction Sleep disturbance is a transdiagnostic risk factor that is so prevalent among emerging adults it is considered to be a public health epidemic. For emerging adults, who are already at greater risk for psychopathology, the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted daily routines, potentially changing sleep patterns and heightening risk factors for the emergence of affective dysregulation, and consequently mood-related disturbances. This study aimed to determine whether variability in sleep patterns across a 3-month period was associated with next-day positive and negative affect, and affective dynamics, proximal affective predictors of depressive symptoms among young adults during the pandemic. Methods College student participants (N=20, 65% female, Mage=19.80, SDage=1.0) wore non-invasive wearable devices (the Oura ring https://ouraring.com/) continuously for a period of 3-months, measuring sleep onset latency, sleep efficiency, total sleep, and time spent in different stages of sleep (light, deep and rapid eye movement). Participants reported daily PA and NA using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule on a 0-100 scale to report on their affective state. Results Multilevel models specifying a within-subject process of the relation between sleep and affect revealed that participants with higher sleep onset latency (b= -2.98, p<.01) and sleep duration on the prior day (b= -.35, p=.01) had lower PA the next day. Participants with longer light sleep duration had lower PA (b= -.28, p=.02), whereas participants with longer deep sleep duration had higher PA (b= .36, p=.02) the next day. On days with higher total sleep, participants experienced lower NA compared to their own average (b= -.01, p=.04). Follow-up exploratory bivariate correlations revealed significant associations between light sleep duration instability and higher instability in both PA and NA, whereas higher deep sleep duration was linked with lower instability in both PA and NA (all ps< .05). In the full-length paper these analyses will be probed using linear regressions controlling for relevant covariates (main effects of sleep, sex/age/ethnicity). Conclusion Sleep, an important transdiagnostic health outcome, may contribute to next-day PA and NA. Sleep patterns predict affect dynamics, which may be proximal predictors of mood disturbances. Affect dynamics may be one potential pathway through which sleep has implications for health disparities. Support (if any):

Mindfulness and Behaviour Therapy for Insomnia: An Assessment of Treatment Effect in a Sleep Disorders Clinic Population with Insomnia

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Allie Peters ◽  
John Reece ◽  
Hailey Meaklim ◽  
Moira Junge ◽  
David Cunnington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Efficiency ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Subjective Sleep ◽  
Sleep Parameters

Abstract Insomnia is a common major health concern, which causes significant distress and disruption in a person's life. The objective of this paper was to evaluate a 6-week version of Mindfulness-Based Therapy for Insomnia (MBTI) in a sample of people attending a sleep disorders clinic with insomnia, including those with comorbidities. Thirty participants who met the DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of insomnia participated in a 6-week group intervention. Outcome measures were a daily sleep diary and actigraphy during pre-treatment and follow-up, along with subjective sleep outcomes collected at baseline, end-of-treatment, and 3-month follow-up. Trend analyses showed that MBTI was associated with a large decrease in insomnia severity (p < .001), with indications of maintenance of treatment effect. There were significant improvements in objective sleep parameters, including sleep onset latency (p = .005), sleep efficiency (p = .033), and wake after sleep onset (p = .018). Significant improvements in subjective sleep parameters were also observed for sleep efficiency (p = .005) and wake after sleep onset (p < .001). Overall, this study indicated that MBTI can be successfully delivered in a sleep disorders clinic environment, with evidence of treatment effect for both objective and subjective measures of sleep.

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