scholarly journals Genetic and Environmental Influences on Sleep-Wake Behaviours in Adolescence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria S O'Callaghan ◽  
Narelle K Hansell ◽  
Wei Guo ◽  
Joanne S Carpenter ◽  
Haochang Shou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Wake Time ◽  
Sleep Timing ◽  
Genetic Source ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Restorative Sleep

Abstract Study Objectives To investigate the influence of genetic and environmental factors on sleep-wake behaviours across adolescence. Methods Four hundred and ninety-five participants (aged 9 to 17; 55% females), including 93 monozygotic (MZ) and 117 dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs, and 75 unmatched twins, wore an accelerometry device and completed a sleep diary for two weeks. Results Individual differences in sleep onset, wake time, and sleep midpoint were influenced by both additive genetic (44-50% of total variance) and shared environmental (31-42%) factors, with a predominant genetic influence for sleep duration (62%) and restorative sleep (43%). When stratified into younger (aged 9-14) and older (aged 16-17) subsamples, genetic sources were more prominent in older adolescents. The moderate correlation between sleep duration and midpoint (rP = -.43, rG = .54) was attributable to a common genetic source. Sleep-wake behaviours on school and non-school nights were correlated (rP = .44-.72) and influenced by the same genetic and shared environmental factors. Genetic sources specific to night-type were also identified, for all behaviours except restorative sleep. Conclusions There were strong genetic influences on sleep-wake phenotypes, particularly on sleep timing, in adolescence. Moreover, there may be common genetic influences underlying both sleep and circadian rhythms. The differences in sleep-wake behaviours on school and non-school nights could be attributable to genetic factors involved in reactivity to environmental context.

Nocturnal Sleep–Wake Parameters of Adolescents at Home Following Cancer Chemotherapy

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy J. Walker ◽  
Kyle P. Johnson ◽  
Christine Miaskowski ◽  
Vivian Gedaly-Duff
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Cancer Chemotherapy ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Nocturnal Sleep ◽  
Wake Time ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Time In Bed ◽  
Wrist Actigraphy ◽  
At Home

Purpose: The purpose of this descriptive, longitudinal study was to describe objective nocturnal sleep–wake parameters of adolescents at home after receiving chemotherapy in the hospital or outpatient clinic and explore differences in sleep variables by age, gender, and corticosteroid use. Methods: We collected 7 days of wrist actigraphy and sleep diary data from 48 adolescents (10–19 years) who were receiving cancer chemotherapy for a primary or secondary cancer or a relapse. The actigraphic sleep variables included rest interval (i.e., time in bed), sleep onset, sleep offset, sleep duration, total sleep time (TST), wake after sleep onset (WASO), and %WASO. Results: Of the 48 adolescents, 38 had at least five nights of scored actigraphy and were included in analyses. Older (13–18 years) adolescents went to bed later and had fewer minutes of TST than younger adolescents (10–12 years). Exploratory analyses revealed no differences between adolescents who were taking oral corticosteroids (i.e., prednisone, dexamethasone) and those who were not or between males and females. Conclusion: These adolescents had sleep durations that met or exceeded the recommended sleep duration for their age groups but experienced significant WASO. Further research is needed to estimate sleep needs of adolescents during chemotherapy and determine factors that contribute to nocturnal wake-time so that targeted interventions can be designed to improve sleep quality.

scholarly journals P089 Loneliness and sleep duration among healthy older adults in Southeast Queensland, Australia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A50-A50
Author(s):  
J Lam ◽  
D Mann ◽  
C Pattinson ◽  
A Allan ◽  
S Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Wake Time ◽  
Sleep Timing ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Timing Variability

Abstract Introduction The relationship between sleep duration and loneliness among healthy older adults is not fully understood. Shorter sleep duration and increased variability of sleep timing (sleep onset and wake time) have recently been shown to have adverse health outcomes in younger adults. While physiological stressors associated with loneliness are likely distinct, we hypothesise that older adults who identify as lonely have reduced sleep duration and increased variability of sleep timing. Methods Older individuals (N=60) without significant co-morbidities were recruited via convenience sampling. Participants completed the de Jong Giervield Loneliness Scale and wore an actigraph for up to 2 weeks. Sleep metrics from actigraphy (sleep onset and wake times, and SD) were determined by algorithm assisted human scoring. Results Valid data was retrieved from N=37 participants (age 83±6.8 years [mean±SD]). There were no significant differences in demographics between those in the lonely (N=19) and not lonely (N=18) groupings. There was substantial heterogeneity in individual participant’s sleep metrics, both within and between groupings. The average sleep onset time was similar between groups, however lonely participants typically woke earlier resulting in slightly shorter sleep duration. Variability in sleep onset and wake times was reduced in lonely participants. Discussion While shorter sleep duration was expected, we did not anticipate the reduction in sleep timing variability amongst those defined as lonely; more regular sleep periods have previously been associated with better outcomes. We did not see statistically significant differences between our groups, possibly due to sample size limitations, however, the unexpected trend warrants further investigation.

scholarly journals Sleep maturation influences cognitive development of preterm toddlers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiko Ando ◽  
Hidenobu Ohta ◽  
Yuko Yoshimura ◽  
Machiko Nakagawa ◽  
Yoko Asaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Brain Maturation ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Sleep Regulation ◽  
Wake Time ◽  
Daytime Nap ◽  
Nighttime Sleep ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractOur recent study on full-term toddlers demonstrated that daytime nap properties affect the distribution ratio between nap and nighttime sleep duration in total sleep time but does not affect the overall total amount of daily sleep time. However, there is still no clear scientific consensus as to whether the ratio between naps and nighttime sleep or just daily total sleep duration itself is more important for healthy child development. In the current study, to gain an answer to this question, we examined the relationship between the sleep properties and the cognitive development of toddlers born prematurely using actigraphy and the Kyoto scale of psychological development (KSPD) test. 101 premature toddlers of approximately 1.5 years of age were recruited for the study. Actigraphy units were attached to their waist with an adjustable elastic belt for 7 consecutive days and a child sleep diary was completed by their parents. In the study, we found no significant correlation between either nap or nighttime sleep duration and cognitive development of the preterm toddlers. In contrast, we found that stable daily wake time was significantly associated with better cognitive development, suggesting that sleep regulation may contribute to the brain maturation of preterm toddlers.

Does Chronotype explain Daily Timing of Music Behaviors?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon Wright ◽  
Caroline Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Music Performance ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Sleep Timing ◽  
Music Making ◽  
Daily Changes

We addressed how circadian rhythms influence daily musical activities of performing musicians, who exhibit fine temporal control. Music performances often occur in the evening and late at night; evidence suggests that composing musicians tend to be later chronotypes than non-composing musicians. However, chronotype and daily music-making in performing musicians have yet to be investigated. The current study examined chronotype in actively practicing and/or performing musicians and non-musicians, and whether it was related to the daily timing of music performance. To test influences of daily changes due to the global COVID-19 pandemic, disruptions to musical, athletic, social, and sleep habits were also measured. Performing musicians, active (practicing but non-performing) musicians, inactive musicians, and non-musicians, residing in Canada, completed a 7-day online daily activity and sleep diary in Summer 2020. There were more evening chronotypes than morning chronotypes in the sample. Active/performing musicians tended to be earlier chronotypes than all other groups. Musicians' chronotype, but not nightly sleep timing, predicted the time of day that musicians made music: Late chronotypes made music later in the day and early chronotypes made music earlier in the day. Music performance and practice amount decreased during the COVID-19 period, but the daily timing of these activities did not change. All participants reported later sleep onset during the COVID-19 period; the amount of social interaction decreased during the COVID-19 period, while exercise increased for some and decreased for others. No changes in the daily timing of exercise, social interaction, or morning wake-up were reported. These findings suggest that performing musicians may be slightly earlier chronotypes than non-performing musicians and non-musicians, despite music performances often occurring in the evening. Chronotype was related to the time of day of music-making independent of nightly sleep timing, suggesting that times of day for making music reflect an individual's circadian rhythm.

Sleep misestimation among older adults suffering from insomnia with short and normal objective sleep duration and the effects of cognitive behavior therapy

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Lovato ◽  
Gorica Micic ◽  
Leon Lack
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Behavior Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavior Therapy ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Cognitive Behavior ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Normal Sleep

Abstract Study Objectives Compare the degree of sleep misestimation in older adults with insomnia presenting with objectively short relative to normal sleep duration, and investigate the differential therapeutic response on sleep misestimation between the proposed sleep duration phenotypes to cognitive-behavior therapy for insomnia (CBTi). Methods Ninety-one adults (male = 43, mean age = 63.34, SD = 6.41) with sleep maintenance insomnia were classified as short sleepers (SS; <6 h total sleep time [TST]) or normal sleepers (NS; ≥6 h TST) based on one night of home-based polysomnography. Participants were randomly allocated to CBTi (N = 30 SS, N = 33 NS) or to a wait-list control condition (N = 9 SS, N = 19 NS). Sleep misestimation was calculated as the difference scores of subjective (sleep diary reported) and objective (derived from actigraphy) sleep onset latency (SOL), wake after sleep onset (WASO), and TST at pre- and post-treatment, and 3-month follow-up. Results Prior to treatment, perception of SOL, WASO, and TST did not differ between patients with objectively short sleep duration relative to those with objectively normal sleep duration. Patients’ perception of WASO and TST, improved immediately following treatment and at 3-month follow-up relative to the waitlist group. These improvements did not differ significantly between those with short or normal objective sleep duration prior to treatment. Conclusions The degree of sleep misestimation is similar for older adults suffering from chronic insomnia with short or normal objective sleep duration. Irrespective of objective sleep duration prior to treatment, CBTi produces significant improvements in sleep perception. Clinical Trial Registration Number ACTRN12620000883910

scholarly journals Associations between parent-reported and objectively measured sleep duration and timing in infants at age 6 months

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirja Quante ◽  
Benjamin Hong ◽  
Tayla von Ash ◽  
Xinting Yu ◽  
Emily R Kaplan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Night Sleep ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
Objectively Measured ◽  
Nighttime Sleep

Abstract Study Objectives To compare the estimates of sleep duration and timing from survey, diary, and actigraphy in infants at age 6 months, overall and by select demographics and other factors. Methods In total, 314 infants participating in the Rise & SHINE (Sleep Health in Infancy & Early Childhood study) cohort in Boston, MA, USA, wore an actigraph on their left ankle for 7 days. Parents concurrently completed a sleep diary and the expanded version of the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire. Concordance between parent-reported and objective sleep estimates was assessed using Bland–Altman plots, Spearman’s rank correlations, intraclass correlations, and linear regression models. Results Mean infant age was 6.4 (0.6 SD) months; 51% were female and 42% were Non-Hispanic white. Mean total sleep duration using actigraphy was 526 (67 SD) minutes per night, 143 (42 SD) minutes per day, and 460 (100 SD) minutes during the longest nighttime sleep period. Relative to actigraphy, parent-completed survey and diary overestimated total day (by 29 and 31 minutes, respectively) and night sleep duration (67 and 43 minutes, respectively) and underestimated the longest sleep (58 minutes), with the highest agreement for sleep onset and offset timing (differences < 30 minutes). There was a tendency toward greater bias among short- and long-sleeping infants. Self-reporting bias for diary-measured longest nighttime sleep and total night sleep duration was higher in infants of parents reporting a problem with their baby’s night awakenings and in low-income families, respectively. Conclusions Our findings underscore the need to be cautious when comparing findings across studies using different sleep assessment methods.

Aggression in Young Adults — A Matter of Short Sleep and Social Jetlag?

2013 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 754-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Randler ◽  
Christian Vollmer
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Verbal Aggression ◽  
Wake Time ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Composite Scale ◽  
Social Jetlag ◽  
Aggression Questionnaire

Evening orientation and sleep duration have been linked with aggression and problematic behaviors, but no study has used an explicit aggression questionnaire. The present study used the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire based on physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger, and hostility, as well as questionnaires on the timing of sleep and sleep duration to assess this relationship in young adult men. The Composite Scale of Morningness was used to assess circadian preference; sleep-wake variables (wake time and sleep onset time on weekdays and on weekend days) were used to calculate midpoint of sleep, social jetlag, and sleep duration. Results indicated that sleep duration correlated negatively with verbal aggression, physical aggression, and anger. Short sleepers were more aggressive. Using multivariate analysis of variance, shorter sleep duration was a significant predictor of verbal aggression and anger. Concerning physical aggression, social jetlag also contributed to the model. Morningness-eveningness was associated with the hostility scale with eveningness related to higher hostility. Men scored higher than women in physical and verbal aggression.

scholarly journals A Genetic Analysis of Coffee Consumption in a Sample of Dutch Twins

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaqueline M. Vink ◽  
Annemieke S. Staphorsius ◽  
Dorret I. Boomsma
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Model Fitting ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Twin Registry ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Dutch Twins ◽  
Twin Resemblance

AbstractCaffeine is by far the most commonly used psychoactive substance. Caffeine is consumed regularly as an ingredient of coffee. Coffee consumption and coffee preference was explored in a sample of 4,495 twins (including 1,231 pairs) registered with the Netherlands Twin Registry. Twin resemblance was assessed by tetrachoric correlations and the influence of both genetic and environmental factors was explored with model fitting analysis in MX. Results showed moderate genetic influences (39%) on coffee consumption. The remaining variance was explained by shared environmental factors (21%) and unique environmental factors (40%). The variance in coffee preference (defined as the proportion of coffee consumption relative to the consumption of coffee and tea in total) was explained by genetic factors (62%) and unique environmental factors (38%).

scholarly journals Too Jittery to Sleep? Temporal Associations of Actigraphic Sleep and Caffeine in Adolescents

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Gina Marie Mathew ◽  
David A. Reichenberger ◽  
Lindsay Master ◽  
Orfeu M. Buxton ◽  
Anne-Marie Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Sleep Health ◽  
Subjective Sleep Quality ◽  
Beverage Consumption ◽  
Wake Time ◽  
Regularity Index ◽  
Social Jetlag

Caffeine consumption has been linked to poor sleep health in adolescents, but it is unknown whether poor sleep predicts caffeine consumption, and/or whether caffeine consumption predicts poor sleep, particularly when sleep is measured objectively. Data were collected from a micro-longitudinal sub-study of the age 15 wave of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (n = 589). Adolescents wore an actigraphy device and completed daily surveys for ~1 week. Daily surveys assessed subjective sleep quality and caffeinated beverage consumption (0 = no caffeine, 1 = any caffeine). Separate mixed models assessed whether actigraphy-measured sleep duration, timing, maintenance efficiency, and subjective quality predicted next-day caffeinated beverage consumption within and between adolescents. Variability (standard deviation) of sleep duration and timing, sleep regularity index, and social jetlag were tested as additional between-person predictors. Lagged models tested whether daily caffeinated beverage consumption predicted sleep that night (n = 458). Adolescents with more variable sleep duration and midpoint had higher average odds of consuming caffeinated beverages compared to others. After adolescents consumed ≥1 caffeinated beverage, they had later sleep onset that night and wake time the next morning than usual versus when they did not consume caffeine. Curbing caffeinated beverage consumption may aid in the maintenance of regular sleep schedules and advance sleep timing in adolescents.

scholarly journals Sleep timing and duration in indigenous villages with and without electric lighting on Tanna Island, Vanuatu

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea N. Smit ◽  
Tanya Broesch ◽  
Jerome M. Siegel ◽  
Ralph E. Mistlberger
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Food Access ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Nocturnal Sleep ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Short Sleep ◽  
Sleep Timing ◽  
Long Sleep ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIt has been hypothesized that sleep in the industrialized world is in chronic deficit, due in part to evening light exposure, which delays sleep onset and truncates sleep depending on morning work or school schedules. If so, societies without electricity may sleep longer. However, recent studies of hunter-gatherers and pastoralists living traditional lifestyles without electricity report short sleep compared to industrialized population norms. To further explore the impact of lifestyles and electrification on sleep, we measured sleep by actigraphy in indigenous Melanesians on Tanna Island, Vanuatu, who live traditional subsistence horticultural lifestyles, in villages either with or without access to electricity. Sleep duration was long and efficiency low in both groups, compared to averages from actigraphy studies of industrialized populations. In villages with electricity, light exposure after sunset was increased, sleep onset was delayed, and nocturnal sleep duration was reduced. These effects were driven primarily by breastfeeding mothers living with electric lighting. Relatively long sleep on Tanna may reflect advantages of an environment in which food access is reliable, climate benign, and predators and significant social conflict absent. Despite exposure to outdoor light throughout the day, an effect of artificial evening light was nonetheless detectable on sleep timing and duration.

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