scholarly journals Causal Modeling of Twitter Activity during COVID-19

Computation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oguzhan Gencoglu ◽  
Mathias Gruber
Keyword(s):  
Domain Knowledge ◽  
Causal Modeling ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Health Events ◽  
Public Sentiment ◽  
Twitter Data ◽  
Primary Responsibility ◽  
Twitter Activity ◽  
Adverse Health Events ◽  
Essential Prerequisite

Understanding the characteristics of public attention and sentiment is an essential prerequisite for appropriate crisis management during adverse health events. This is even more crucial during a pandemic such as COVID-19, as primary responsibility of risk management is not centralized to a single institution, but distributed across society. While numerous studies utilize Twitter data in descriptive or predictive context during COVID-19 pandemic, causal modeling of public attention has not been investigated. In this study, we propose a causal inference approach to discover and quantify causal relationships between pandemic characteristics (e.g., number of infections and deaths) and Twitter activity as well as public sentiment. Our results show that the proposed method can successfully capture the epidemiological domain knowledge and identify variables that affect public attention and sentiment. We believe our work contributes to the field of infodemiology by distinguishing events that correlate with public attention from events that cause public attention.

scholarly journals Causal Modeling of Twitter Activity During COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oguzhan Gencoglu ◽  
Mathias Gruber
Keyword(s):  
Domain Knowledge ◽  
Causal Modeling ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Health Events ◽  
Public Sentiment ◽  
Primary Responsibility ◽  
Twitter Activity ◽  
Attention And Perception ◽  
Adverse Health Events ◽  
Essential Prerequisite

Understanding the characteristics of public attention and perception is an essential prerequisite for appropriate crisis management during adverse health events. This is even more crucial during a pandemic such as COVID-19, as primary responsibility of risk management is not centralized to a single institution, but distributed across society. While numerous studies utilize Twitter data in descriptive or predictive context during COVID-19 pandemic, causal modeling of public attention has not been investigated. In this study, we propose a causal inference approach to discover and quantify causal relationships between pandemic characteristics (e.g. number of infections and deaths) and Twitter activity as well as public sentiment. Our results show that the proposed method can successfully capture the epidemiological domain knowledge and identify variables that affect public attention and perception. We believe our work contributes to the field of infodemiology by distinguishing events that correlate with public attention from events that cause public attention.

Nonprobability Sampling and Twitter

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Rafail
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Application Programming Interface ◽  
Sampling Strategies ◽  
Twitter Data ◽  
Large Databases ◽  
The Social ◽  
Application Programming ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Twitter Activity ◽  
Programming Interface

Twitter data are widely used in the social sciences. The Twitter Application Programming Interface (API) allows researchers to build large databases of user activity efficiently. Despite the potential of Twitter as a data source, less attention has been paid to issues of sampling, and in particular, the implications of different sampling strategies on overall data quality. This research proposes a set of conceptual distinctions between four types of populations that emerge when analyzing Twitter data and suggests sampling strategies that facilitate more comprehensive data collection from the Twitter API. Using three applications drawn from large databases of Twitter activity, this research also compares the results from the proposed sampling strategies, which provide defensible representations of the population of activity, to those collected with more frequently used hashtag samples. The results suggest that hashtag samples misrepresent important aspects of Twitter activity and may lead researchers to erroneous conclusions.

Acetazolamide to Prevent Adverse Altitude Effects in COPD and Healthy Adults

NEJM Evidence ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Furian ◽  
Maamed Mademilov ◽  
Aline Buergin ◽  
Philipp M. Scheiwiller ◽  
Laura Mayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Health Events ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Adverse Health Events

Furian and colleagues report on the results of two randomized controlled trials testing the use of acetazolamide to prevent the adverse effects of altitude on healthy older persons and in people with COPD. They find that acetazolamide decreased the incidence of altitude related adverse health events (primarily hypoxemia) in both populations with no evidence of adverse events.

Reuse of single use medical devices in Canada: Clinical and economic outcomes, legal and ethical issues, and current hospital practice

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (04) ◽  
pp. 430-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hailey ◽  
Philip D. Jacobs ◽  
Nola M. Ries ◽  
Julie Polisena
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Coronary Angioplasty ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Economic Outcomes ◽  
Health Events ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Adverse Health Events ◽  
Legal And Ethical Issues

Objectives:The aim of this study was to assess the evidence that reuse of medical devices marketed for single use only (SUDs) is safe, effective and cost-effective, and to consider the use and health services impact of this practice in Canada.Methods:A systematic review was performed of studies that reported clinical or economic outcomes following reuse of SUDs in humans. Direct costs of adverse health events associated with SUD reuse and indications of budget impact were obtained using data for devices for laparoscopic cholecystectomy and coronary angioplasty. Legal and ethical issues were reviewed, drawing on material relevant to Canada. Data on current reuse of SUDs were obtained through a survey of Canadian acute care hospitals.Results:Studies of variable quality suggested that SUD reuse could be safe and effective, and would give cost savings, if there were no adverse events. Eliminating reuse of SUDs for laparoscopic cholecystectomy and coronary angioplasty would add less than 0.1 percent to costs of the procedures over 1 year. Adverse health events associated with device reuse create liability risks; patients should be informed of any known or foreseeable risks of reuse. Most of the 28 percent (111/398) of acute hospitals that reprocess SUDs do so in-house. Some do not have a written policy or an incident reporting mechanism.Conclusions:There is insufficient evidence to establish the safety, efficacy and cost-effectiveness of reusing SUDs. Legal and ethical issues require attention to minimize liability and maintain patient safety and trust. Some hospitals that reprocess SUDs do not have adequate documentation. These findings do not support the reuse of SUDs in Canadian hospitals.

scholarly journals Adverse health events and late mortality after pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic SCT—two decades of longitudinal follow-up

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 850-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Wilhelmsson ◽  
A Vatanen ◽  
B Borgström ◽  
B Gustafsson ◽  
M Taskinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Mortality ◽  
Health Events ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Adverse Health Events

Adverse health events associated with domestic violence during pregnancy among Brazilian women

Midwifery ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 416-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celene Aparecida Ferrari Audi ◽  
Ana M. Segall-Corrêa ◽  
Silvia M. Santiago ◽  
Rafael Pérez-Escamilla
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Health Events ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Violence During Pregnancy ◽  
Adverse Health Events

The association between an increased reimbursement cap for chronic disease coverage and healthcare utilization in China: an interrupted time series study

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 1029-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menghan Shen ◽  
Wen He ◽  
Eng-Kiong Yeoh ◽  
Yushan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Healthcare Utilization ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Claim Data ◽  
Health Events ◽  
Outpatient Visits ◽  
Insurance Claim Data ◽  
Adverse Health Events ◽  
Series Study

Abstract Hypertension and diabetes are highly prevalent in China and pose significant health and economic burdens, but large gaps in care remain for people with such conditions. In this article, drawing on administrative insurance claim data from China’s Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance (UEBMI), we use an interrupted time series design to examine whether an increase in the monthly reimbursement cap for outpatient visits using chronic disease coverage affects healthcare utilization. The cap was increased by 50 yuan per chronic disease on 1 January 2016, in one of the largest cities in China. Compared with the year before the increase, patients with only hypertension increased their spending using chronic disease coverage by 17.8 yuan (P < 0.001) or 11.6%, and those with only diabetes increased their spending using chronic disease coverage by 19.5 yuan (P < 0.001) or 10.6%, with the differences almost entirely driven by spending on drugs. In addition, these two groups of patients reduced their spending using standard outpatient coverage by 13.9 yuan (P < 0.001) or 5.7% and 14.9 yuan (P = 0.03) or 5.2%, respectively, and thus had no changes in total outpatient spending. Patients with both hypertension and diabetes, meanwhile, increased their spending using chronic disease coverage by 54.8 yuan (P < 0.001) or 18.1% and decreased their spending using standard outpatient coverage by 16.1 yuan (P = 0.002) or 6.1%, with no changes in their probability of hospitalization. Among patients with both hypertension and diabetes who had fewer-than-average outpatient visits in 2015, the hospitalization rate decreased after the 2016 reimbursement cap increase (adjusted odds ratio = 0.702, P = 0.01). These findings suggest that increasing financial protection for patients with hypertension and diabetes may be an important strategy for reducing adverse health events, such as hospitalization, in China.

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