scholarly journals Application of General Full Factorial Statistical Experimental Design’s Approach for the Development of Sustainable Clay-Based Ceramics Incorporated with Malaysia’s Electric Arc Furnace Steel Slag Waste

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 442
Author(s):  
Pao Ter Teo ◽  
Siti Koriah Zakaria ◽  
Nurulakmal Mohd Sharif ◽  
Anasyida Abu Seman ◽  
Mustaffa Ali Azhar Taib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Electric Arc Furnace ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
Eaf Slag ◽  
Full Factorial ◽  
Slag Waste

This study aims to optimize the composition (body formulation) and firing temperature of sustainable ceramic clay-based ceramics incorporated with electric arc furnace (EAF) steel slag waste using general full factorial design (GFFD). The optimization is necessary to minimize drawbacks of high iron oxide’s fluxing agent (originated from electric arc furnace, EAF steel slag waste), which led to severe surface defects and high closed porosity issue of the ceramics. Statistical analysis of GFFD including model adequacy checking, analysis of variance (ANOVA), interaction plots, regression model, contour plot and response optimizer were conducted in the study. The responses (final properties of ceramics) investigated were firing shrinkage, water absorption, apparent porosity, bulk density and modulus of rupture (MOR). Meanwhile, the factors employed in experimental parameters were weight percentage (wt.%) of EAF slag added and firing temperature. Upon statistical analysis, GFFD has deduced that wt.% amount of EAF slag added and firing temperatures are proven to significantly influence the final properties of the clay-based ceramic incorporated with EAF slag. The results of conducted statistical analysis were also highly significant and proven valid for the ceramics. Optimized properties (maximum MOR, minimum water absorption and apparent porosity) of the ceramic were attained at 50 wt.% of EAF slag added and firing temperature of 1180 °C.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition, pH Value, and Points of Zero Charge of High Calcium and High Iron Electric Arc Furnace Slag

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.23) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Zu Nurain Ahmad ◽  
Hamdan R ◽  
Wan Afnizan Wan Mohamed ◽  
N Othman ◽  
Nur Shaylinda Mohd Zin
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Ferric Oxide ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Electric Arc Furnace ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
Eaf Slag

Electric arc furnace (EAF) slag as filter media has been extensively used nowadays for wastewater treatment technology. Steel slag was produced as byproduct from steelmaking processes. However, different batches of steel slag production produce different composition. Thus, this study determined the chemical composition, pH value and points of zero charge (PZC) of two different samples of electric arc furnace (EAF) slag; high iron EAF slag (Slag HFe) and high calcium EAF slag (Slag HCa). The steel slag were characterized using X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF) analysis for the chemical composition, extraction with boiling water for pH value, and salt addition method for PZC. Slag HFe was mainly consisted of 38.2% ferric oxide and 20.4% calcium oxide, 10.20 pH value and pH 10.55 for PZC. While for Slag HCa, they were composed of 1.64% ferric oxide and 49.5% calcium oxide of pH value of 11.11 and pH 11.75 for PZC. Therefore, Slag HCa was considered as a more basic species compared to Slag HFe. 

scholarly journals Assessment of Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) Steel Slag Waste’s Recycling Options into Value Added Green Products: A Review

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pao Ter Teo ◽  
Siti Koriah Zakaria ◽  
Siti Zuliana Salleh ◽  
Mustaffa Ali Azhar Taib ◽  
Nurulakmal Mohd Sharif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Electric Arc Furnace ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
Separation Techniques ◽  
Eaf Slag ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Steel slag is one of the most common waste products from the steelmaking industry. Conventional methods of slag disposal can cause negative impacts on humans and the environment. In this paper, the process of steel and steel slag production, physical and chemical properties, and potential options of slag recycling were reviewed. Since steel is mainly produced through an electric arc furnace (EAF) in Malaysia, most of the recycling options reviewed in this paper focused on EAF slag and the strengths and weaknesses of each recycle option were outlined. Based on the reports from previous studies, it was found that only a portion of EAF slag is recycled into more straightforward, but lower added value applications such as aggregates for the construction industry and filter/absorber for wastewater treatments. On the other hand, higher added value recycling options for EAF slag that are more complicated such as incorporated as raw material for Portland cement and ceramic building materials remain at the laboratory testing stage. The main hurdle preventing EAF slag from being incorporated as a raw material for higher added value industrial applications is its inconsistent chemical composition. The chemical composition of EAF slag can vary based on the scrap metal used for steel production. For this, mineral separation techniques can be introduced to classify the EAF slag base on its physical and chemical compositions. We concluded that future research on recycling EAF slag should focus on separation techniques that diversify the recycling options for EAF slag, thereby increasing the waste product’s recycling rate.

Recycling of Malaysia’s electric arc furnace (EAF) slag waste into heavy-duty green ceramic tile

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 2697-2708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pao-Ter Teo ◽  
Abu Seman Anasyida ◽  
Projjal Basu ◽  
Mohd Sharif Nurulakmal
Keyword(s):  
Ceramic Tile ◽  
Electric Arc Furnace ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Eaf Slag ◽  
Slag Waste

Combining Recovering Iron with Activating the Residual Slag Process for Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) Slag

2013 ◽  
Vol 275-277 ◽  
pp. 2206-2209
Author(s):  
Zhi Wei Liu ◽  
Yu Li ◽  
Da Qiang Cang ◽  
Yi Chen ◽  
Shuai Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steel Slag ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Electric Arc Furnace ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
Iron Concentrate ◽  
Slag Powder ◽  
Activating Agent ◽  
Eaf Slag

Electric arc furnace (EAF) slag is the byproduct of electric arc furnace in the process of metallurgy. In this paper, a recovering iron process combined with an activating residual slag process for EAF slag has been put forward. Researches show that increasing fineness of EAF slag is adverse to recover iron from the slag and 21.27% of the EAF slag could be separated as recovered iron concentrate with grade of 64.34%. The residual slag after magnetic separation process could be activated through mixing activating agent. Hemihydrates gypsum was the best activating agent to improve reactivity of the residual slag, which could meet the requirement of the first grade of steel slag powder in national standard. Then residual slag cements had been successfully prepared with 30% of activated residual slag and a 28-day compressive strength of 44.46MPa.

scholarly journals Use of electric arc furnace slag for producing concrete paving blocks

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmenlucia Santos Giordano Penteado ◽  
Beatriz Leão Evangelista ◽  
Gisleiva Cristina dos Santos Ferreira ◽  
Pedro Henrique Andrade Borges ◽  
Rosa Cristina Cecche Lintz
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Electric Arc Furnace ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
Natural Aggregate ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Electric Arc Furnace Slag ◽  
Furnace Slag

Abstract In this study the electric arc furnace slag was used as coarse natural aggregate substitute in concrete paving blocks production. The concrete mixture was defined by using weight proportions in the ratio of 1:2:3:0.51 (cement:sand:coarse aggregate:water) in order to obtain a compressive strength of 35 MPa. Four groups of concrete were prepared: a reference recipe and three others with the slag replacing the natural aggregate in the proportions of 25%, 50% and 75%. The compressive strength was not influenced by the slag content; however, it was influenced by the curing age, as the sample with 75% of slag addition had its compressive strength increased by 13.5% from 7 to 56 days. Water absorption presented a slightly reduction with slag addition. The results of compressive strength and water absorption met the Brazilian technical requirements, making the paving blocks suitable for use in light vehicle traffic. The results obtained in this study highlight the influence of the production process in the final quality of the steel slag, and the need of stablishing technical and environmental requirements to guide and promote the safe use of electric arc furnace slag in concrete.

Evaluation of the Leaching Behavior of Hexavalent Chromium from Malaysian Electric Arc Furnace Steel Slag

2013 ◽  
Vol 652-654 ◽  
pp. 1628-1632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kolawole Bankole Lateef ◽  
Abdul Rezan Sheikh ◽  
Mohd Sharif Nurulakmal ◽  
Norlia Baharun
Keyword(s):  
Hexavalent Chromium ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Electric Arc Furnace ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Rain Water ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
Leaching Behavior ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Furnace Steel ◽  
Eaf Slag

This study investigates the leaching behavior of hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) from both industrial electric arc furnace steel slag and steel slag modified with up to 2% wt Cr2O3. The study was performed with European standard batch leaching test for 15 days and the lixiviant used were alkaline, de-ionized and rain water. The experimental work was also complimented with slag characterization using XRF, XRD and SEM/EDX analysis. After 15 days, Cr (VI) was found to be highest in rain water (0.016 mg/L) and lowest in de-ionized water (0.002 mg/L). With more Cr2O3 in EAF slag, more Cr will leach out based on the 2% wt Cr2O3 addition. Besides the lixiviant used, slag stirring speed and liquid to solid ratio also affect the dissolution of Cr (VI). With up to 2 wt % Cr2O3 in EAF slag, Cr (VI) dissolution was still lower than the threshold of 0.1 mg/L set by USEPA for public water systems. The analysis also indicated that the relative amounts of soluble basic and acidic oxides in the slag will affect the dissolution of Cr (VI).

scholarly journals The effect of microstructure on the leaching behaviour of electric arc furnace (EAF) carbon steel slag

2016 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 810-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Mombelli ◽  
C. Mapelli ◽  
S. Barella ◽  
C. Di Cecca ◽  
G. Le Saout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Electric Arc Furnace ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
Leaching Behaviour ◽  
Effect Of Microstructure
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