scholarly journals Subterranean Invasion by Gapped Ringed Crayfish: Effectiveness of a Removal Effort and Barrier Installation

Diversity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Mouser ◽  
David Ashley ◽  
Tom Aley ◽  
Shannon Brewer
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Native Crayfish ◽  
Age Estimates

Non-native crayfish invasion is a major threat to many stream fauna; however, invasions in subterranean habitats are rarely documented. Our study objectives were to examine demographics and morphological and life-history traits of a gapped ringed crayfish Faxonius neglectus chaenodactylus population that invaded Tumbling Creek Cave and determine the effects of removal on the population. Crayfish were found throughout the cave though fewer individuals were observed upstream of an installed weir. Fecund females were collected in nearly all months, but were prevalent during spring (February–June). Males and females were of similar sizes. Males had larger chelae and chelae that were regenerated slightly more often than females. Removal of >4000 crayfish since 2011 resulted in reduced abundances, but the population persisted. Age estimates from counting bands on gastric mills indicated crayfish within the cave lived longer than populations in nearby Big Creek (6 vs. 4 years). Recent efforts to prevent upstream cave migrations included a barrier installation and since installation, few crayfish have been located upstream. We show that exploitation of new environments may lead to trait changes (i.e., reproduction and longevity). We also demonstrate that barriers reduce the spread of invasion at a comparable cost to removal. We hypothesize that increased reservoir elevation inundates springs hydrologically connected to the cave and this may be the invasion source.

Life History Traits in a Population of Pelobates syriacus (Boettger, 1889) from Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-200
Author(s):  
Ufuk Bülbül ◽  
Halime Koç ◽  
Yasemin Odabaş ◽  
Ali İhsan Eroğlu ◽  
Muammer Kurnaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Spadefoot Toad ◽  
Males And Females

Age structure of the eastern spadefoot toad, Pelobates syriacus from the Kızılırmak Delta (Turkey) were assessed using phalangeal skeletochronology. Snout-vent length (SVL) ranged from 42.05 to 86.63 mm in males and 34.03 to 53.27 mm in females. Age of adults ranged from 2 to 8 years in males and 3 to 5 years in females. For both sexes, SVL was significantly correlated with age. Males and females of the toads reached maturity at 2 years of age.

Slow life-history traits of a neritic predator, the bronze whaler (Carcharhinus brachyurus)

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Drew ◽  
Paul Rogers ◽  
Charlie Huveneers
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Life History Characteristics ◽  
Regional Estimates ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Size At Age ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Age Estimates

Intra-species plasticity in the life-history characteristics of sharks leads to the need for regional estimates to accurately determine resilience to anthropogenic effects. The present study provides the first length-at-age, growth and maturity estimates for the bronze whaler (Carcharhinus brachyurus) from southern Australia. Age estimates were obtained from vertebral sections of 466 individuals spanning 50–308-cm total length. Maximum estimates of age for males and females were 25 and 31 years respectively. The three-parameter logistic model for females (L∞=308cm LT, k=0.15, α=742) and for males (L∞=317cm LT, k=0.13, α=782) provided the best fit to the size at age data. Males matured at a similar age (16 years), but smaller size than females (224v. 270cm LT). Growth parameters and age-at-maturity estimates were similar to those for genetically isolated C. brachyurus populations, and the sympatric dusky shark (C. obscurus). The southern Australian C. brachyurus population is long-lived, slow growing and late maturing. These growth parameters are needed to undertake demographic analyses to assess the resilience of C. brachyurus to fishing, and provide an example of a wide-ranging elasmobranch with similar life-history characteristics across isolated populations.

scholarly journals Life history traits and fishing mortality estimations of Caspian vimba, Vimba vimba (L.), in southwestern coastal regions of the Caspian Sea

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-155
Author(s):  
Fateme Taridashti ◽  
Javid Imanpour ◽  
Shahram Abdolmalaki ◽  
Mahvash Hadavi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Life History ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Fishing Mortality ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Existing Data

Abstract This study was conducted to complement existing data about the life cycle of Caspian vimba, Vimba vimba (L.), with estimations of age, growth, and mortality rates. To achieve this, 811 specimens were collected between May 2012 and June 2013 at three fisheries catch stations in southwestern regions of the Caspian Sea including Talesh, Bandar Anzali, and Kiashahr. The growth rate in vimba is relatively high at approximately 0.29 year−1 for females and 0.32 year−1 for males. Asymptotic lengths are 245 mm and 233 mm for females and males, respectively. The growth pattern was isometric for both males and females. The overall sex ratio was balanced (1: 0.92). The instantaneous coefficients of total, natural, and fishing mortality were 1.27, 0.4, and 0.8 year, respectively, and the current exploitation ratio was 0.63 year−1. Results showed that the growth rate of males is higher than that of females. Considering the exploitation ratio, it is apparent that the vimba population is experiencing significant legal and illegal exploitation pressure.

Rhabditis (Oscheius) colombiana n. sp. (Nematoda: Rhabditidae), a necromenic associate of the subterranean burrower bug Cyrtomenus bergi (Hemiptera: Cydnidae) from the Cauca Valley, Colombia

Nematology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Patricia Stock ◽  
Ana Caicedo ◽  
Paul Calatayud
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
New Species ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Total Size ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
18S Rdna Sequences ◽  
Males And Females

AbstractRhabditis (Oscheius) colombiana n. sp. is described as a necromenic associate of the burrower bug Cyrtomenus bergi (Hemiptera: Cydnidae) collected in the Cauca Valley, Colombia. The new species resembles others of the insectivora-group, viz, Rhabditis (O.) insectivora Körner, 1954 and Rhabditis (O.) lucianii Maupas, 1919, in a number of morphological and life history traits, but can be separated by a combination of morphological and morphometric characters. The most distinctive morphological features that separate R. (O.) colombiana n. sp. from these two Rhabditis species are the total size of both males and females, which are much shorter and slimmer in the new species; the size of the male spicules and the values of ratios b and c. Additionally, molecular data (18S rDNA sequences) and phylogenetic analyses demonstrated the distinctiveness of this species when compared to a number of other Rhabditis (Oscheius) species.

Seasonal distribution, abundance, and life-history traits of Greenland cod, Gadus ogac, at Wemindji, eastern James Bay

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 3061-3070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Morin ◽  
Christiane Hudon ◽  
Frederick Whoriskey
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Age At Maturity ◽  
James Bay ◽  
High Fecundity ◽  
Benthic Fishes ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

Greenland cod populations near Wemindji, eastern James Bay, were studied in 1987 and 1988 to describe the species' general ecology and life-history characteristics. During the summer, they principally occupied shallow (2–5 m) coastal waters. This habitat was characterized by a belt of eelgrass (Zostera marina) at depths of 1–3 m, salinities between 20 and 23‰, and temperatures of 3–20 °C. Daily trap catches were highly variable, and more fish were caught at night than during the day. In winter, more cod were found inshore, in the estuary, than in coastal waters. This movement corresponds to the completion of sexual maturity; spawning occurs in April to June. Growth rate was linear for males and females. The age at maturity was 3 years and no trade-off was observed between growth and reproduction. Greenland cod spawned every year, and the maximum age was 9 years. Life-history variables for Greenland cod differ from those of most arctic benthic fishes; this species shows rapid growth, high fecundity, low age at maturity, and high mortality. These characteristics may represent important adaptations allowing cod to sustain life in James Bay coastal waters, where environmental conditions are different from those in arctic waters.

A skeletochronological study of age, growth and longevity of Rana macrocnemis populations from four locations at different altitudes in Turkey

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emel Çakır ◽  
Ufuk Bülbül ◽  
Nurhayat Özdemir ◽  
Bilal Kutrup
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Maximum Lifespan ◽  
Population Age Structure ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Different Altitudes ◽  
Rana Macrocnemis

AbstractWe examined life-history traits such as population age structure, growth and longevity of Iranian Long-Legged frogs (Rana macrocnemis) from 4 different locations at different altitudes in Turkey by skeletochronology performed on the phalanges. The maximum lifespan was 5 years in Maçka (350 m a.s.l.), 6 years in Hıdırnebi (1430 m a.s.l.), 8 years in Sarıkamış (2276 m a.s.l.) and 10 years in Ovit (2850 m a.s.l.). Age at sexual maturity of both males and females was 2-3 years in the Maçka, Hıdırnebi and Sarıkamış populations, while 3-4 years for males and 3-5 years for females in the Ovit population. In all populations, males and females did not exhibit any differences in terms of mean age and SVL except for Sarıkamı¸s where the males were significantly larger than the females. A positive correlation was observed between age and SVL for both sexes in all populations except for the males of the Maçka population.

scholarly journals Density-Dependent Phenotypic Plasticity in the South American Locust, Schistocerca cancellata (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 458-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina E Pocco ◽  
M Marta Cigliano ◽  
Bert Foquet ◽  
Carlos E Lange ◽  
Eliana L Nieves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Strong Resemblance ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Phase Polyphenism

Abstract Historically, the South American locust, Schistocerca cancellata (Serville, 1838), has been considered the most serious agricultural pest in Argentina. An outbreak of a magnitude not recorded since 1954 started in 2015 through 2017 in northern Argentina and neighboring Paraguay and Bolivia. Schistocerca cancellata is widely considered as a true locust, with pronounced locust phase polyphenism, although the expression of its phenotypic plasticity has never been quantitatively tested under different density conditions. In this study, we explicitly quantified density-dependent reaction norms in behavior, coloration, and morphology in last instar nymphs of S. cancellata under isolated and crowded conditions. We also quantified density-dependent plasticity in adults (size) and in some life history traits. Our results showed that crowded nymphs were significantly more active and more attracted to congeners than isolated nymphs, and developed a much higher percentage of black pattern color. We also found that density had strong effects on body size and there was a sex-dependent pattern in both nymphs and adults, revealing that differences in size between males and females were less pronounced in crowded locusts. We have recorded for the isolated nymphs the presence of about 50% more hairs in the hind femora than in crowded nymphs. Finally, the mean duration of each nymphal instar and adult stage was significantly longer in isolated individuals. We have found strong resemblance with the desert locust, S. gregaria (Forskål, 1775) in several traits, and we conclude that S. cancellata exhibits an extreme form of density-dependent phenotypic plasticity in behavior, coloration, morphology, and life history traits.

Age Structure and Life Expectancy in a Stellagama stellio (Linnaeus, 1758) Population from Kütahya, Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 327-332
Author(s):  
Muge Gidis ◽  
Eyup Baskale
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Age At Maturity ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

The life history traits of the rough-tailed agama, Stellagama stellio (Linnaeus, 1758) in a population from Kütahya, Turkey were described by the skeletochronological method. From a total of 54 individuals, the mean ages ± standard deviation (SD) of males and females were calculated as 5.03 ± 2.076 years and 4.79 ± 1.584 years, respectively, and age distributions were not significantly different between sexes. The age at maturity was 2 years for both sexes. The longevity of females was 8 years, whereas for males it was 9 years. Mean snout-vent length (SVL) ± SD was 101.7 ± 9.6 mm in females and 104.9 ± 14.4 mm in males and did not significantly differ between the two sexes. We examined the sexual dimorphism of S. stellio in relation to the difference in population age structure between the sexes using the skeletochronological method. Male individuals were slightly larger than female individuals at the same age, but this difference was not statistically significant. We also estimated the maximum ages for S. stellio, which agree with other populations in Turkey.

Demographic indications of decline in the spectacled flying fox (Pteropus conspicillatus) on the Atherton Tablelands of northern Queensland

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Fox ◽  
Jon Luly ◽  
Catlin Mitchell ◽  
Jenny Maclean ◽  
David A. Westcott
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Table ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Extended Longevity ◽  
Management And Conservation ◽  
Age Estimates ◽  
Flying Fox

A lack of information about the spectacled flying fox (Pteropus conspicillatus) makes management and conservation of this vulnerable species difficult. The analysis of population dynamics using life-history traits and life tables is widely used in planning for the conservation and management of wildlife. In the present study, the first life table for any species of bat is provided and age estimates derived from counts of annual increments in tooth cementum rings are used to assess population trends and life-history traits in the spectacled flying fox on the Atherton Tablelands in north Queensland. As a result of high mortality, longevity was much shorter than expected from a theoretical basis. Life-table analyses suggest that the population experienced a 16% decrease during the 2 years of study. Absence of extended longevity to compensate for low reproductive output and delayed sexual maturity in ‘slow end’ mammal species such as P. conspicillatus reduces the window of opportunity for females to reproduce and adapt to changes in mortality rates. This study suggests that spectacled flying fox populations are sensitive to increased mortality and that reducing mortality rates should be the primary goal in conservation planning for P. conspicillatus.

Effects of a mite, Limnochares americana (Hydrachnida: Limnocharidae), on the life-history traits and grooming behaviour of its damselfly host, Enallagma ebrium (Odonata: Coenagrionidae)

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (10) ◽  
pp. 1615-1622 ◽  
Author(s):  
N J Léonard ◽  
M R Forbes ◽  
R L Baker
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Fitness Costs ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Mature Adults ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Limnochares Americana ◽  
Grooming Behaviour ◽  
Age And Sex

We examined whether experimental parasitism by a mite Limnochares americana (Lundblad) affected survivorship and maturation of adult damselflies Enallagma ebrium (Hagen). We then tested whether differences in grooming activity between control and exposed individuals (within different age or sex categories of host) mirrored reductions in fitness that resulted from experimental parasitism. We based our choice of experimental numbers of mites on our finding that adult damselflies had between 0 and 12 mites (71% had 0 mites), and mature adults had a higher prevalence and intensity of parasitism than did prereproductive damselflies in two of three field surveys. Low numbers of mites did not affect survivorship of teneral or mature males and females; however, high numbers of mites significantly depressed survivorship of teneral males and females and mature males, and were associated with a delay in maturation of females. Of teneral individuals, only females groomed more than controls when challenged with low numbers of mites; mature individuals of both sexes groomed more than controls in response to high numbers of mites but not in response to low numbers. Our results suggest that variation in grooming behaviour partially reflects variation in fitness costs, due to mite parasitism, across age and sex categories of hosts.

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