scholarly journals Shattercane (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench Subsp. Drummondii) and Weedy Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)—Crop Wild Relatives (CWRs) as Weeds in Agriculture

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 463
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Kanatas ◽  
Ioannis Gazoulis ◽  
Stavros Zannopoulos ◽  
Alexandros Tataridas ◽  
Anastasia Tsekoura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
The United States ◽  
Crop Wild Relatives ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Agricultural Weeds ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Shattercane (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench subsp. drummondii) and weedy sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) are two examples of crop wild relatives (CWRs) that have become troublesome weeds in agriculture. Shattercane is a race belonging to a different subspecies than domesticated sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench subsp. bicolor). Weedy sunflower populations are natural hybrids between wild and domesticated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Both species have key weedy characteristics, such as early seed shattering and seed dormancy, which play an important role in their success as agricultural weeds. They are widely reported as important agricultural weeds in the United States and have invaded various agricultural areas in Europe. Shattercane is very competitive to sorghum, maize (Zea mays L.), and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Weedy sunflower causes severe yield losses in sunflower, maize, soybean, pulse crops, and industrial crops. Herbicide resistance was confirmed in populations of both species. The simultaneous presence of crops and their wild relatives in the field leads to crop–wild gene flow. Hybrids are fertile and competitive. Hybridization between herbicide-tolerant crops and wild populations creates herbicide-resistant hybrid populations. Crop rotation, false seedbed, cover crops, and competitive crop genotypes can suppress shattercane and weedy sunflower. Preventative measures are essential to avoid their spread on new agricultural lands. The development of effective weed management strategies is also essential to prevent hybridization between sorghum, sunflower, and their wild relatives and to mitigate its consequences.

scholarly journals Consumo e Digestibilidade Aparente das Silagens de Milho (Zea mays L.), Sorgo (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) e Girassol (Helianthus annuus L.)

2002 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivone Yurika Mizubuti ◽  
Edson Luís de Azambuja Ribeiro ◽  
Marco Antônio da Rocha ◽  
Leandro das Dores Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Andréa Pereira Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

O ensaio foi realizado com o objetivo de determinar o consumo médio diário (CMD) e o coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente (CDA) dos nutrientes das silagens de milho, sorgo e girassol, em ovinos, e avaliar o balanço de nitrogênio. Foram utilizados nove ovinos machos, castrados, em um delineamento em quadrado latino 3x3 (três tratamentos e três períodos), alojados em gaiolas metabólicas. O CMD de matéria seca (MS), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA) e proteína bruta (PB) das silagens de milho e girassol não diferiram entre si. O CMD de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e extrato etéreo (EE) foram maiores para as silagens de milho e girassol, respectivamente. Os CDA da MS e EE foram maiores para a silagem de girassol e menores para a silagem de sorgo. Os CDA da FDN e PB foram similares para todas as silagens.

DISTANCE FROM POLLEN SOURCE AND YIELDS OF MALE STERILE SUNFLOWER AND SORGHUM

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 857-861 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT G. ROBINSON
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Sterile Seed ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Efficient production of hybrid sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) seed requires a minimum but adequate proportion of the land for pollinator rows and that the male sterile and pollinator rows accommodate production machinery. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of distance from pollen source on male sterile seed yield and if presently used ratios of male sterile to pollinator rows could be increased without reduction in seed yield of the male sterile parent from the land area occupied by both parents. Seed was harvested from male sterile rows located from 1 (76 cm) to 40 (30 m) rows from the pollen source. Correlations and regression analyses showed that yield per row declined linearly with distance from the pollinator rows. However, yield of the male sterile parent per hectare of area occupied by both parents was increased by including up to at least six male sterile and two pollinator rows per strip. Male sterile to pollinator row ratios of 12:1 for sunflower and 7:1 for grain sorghum did not differ significantly from the commonly used 3:1 ratio in yield of male sterile parent per hectare of area occupied by both parents.Key words: Helianthus annuus L., Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, hybrid seed production, plant breeding

scholarly journals Sorgo e girassol no outono-inverno, em sistema plantio direto, no Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Carlos Heckler
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

A falta de culturas alternativas para o cultivo de outono-inverno é importante problema para os sistemas de produção de grãos da Região Oeste do Brasil, em particular no Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul. Com o propósito de estudar o comportamento de genótipos de girassol (Helianthus annuus L.) e sorgo (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) em Sistema Plantio Direto, no outono-inverno do ano 2000, foram conduzidos dois experimentos na Embrapa Agropecuária Oeste, em Dourados, MS, utilizando-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso. Os resultados das avaliações do girassol mostraram diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos quanto ao rendimento de grãos que, em média, produziram 2.176kg ha-1. O maior rendimento foi do híbrido M 734 (3.028kg ha-1). O rendimento médio de grãos alcançado pelos genótipos de sorgo foi de 7.861kg ha-1, com destaque para: BR 304, M 51 e AG 2005E, com 9.865, 9.771 e 9.055kg ha-1, respectivamente.

scholarly journals CONTROL QUÍMICO DE MALEZA DE HOJA ANCHA EN SORGO PARA GRANO

2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 269
Author(s):  
Enrique Rosales-Robles ◽  
Ricardo Sánchez-de la Cruz ◽  
Pedro A. Cerda-García
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Amaranthus Palmeri ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Solanum Elaeagnifolium ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

El control ineficiente de malezas es un problema importante en la producción de sorgo para grano (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) en el norte de Tamaulipas, México. En 2007 y 2008 se evaluaron en campo algunas opciones para el control químico de malezas de hoja ancha en sorgo en pre- (PRE) y post- emergencia (POST). Atrazina y amicarbazone a 750 g ha-1 aplicados PRE resultaron un buen control de polocote (Helianthus annuus L.) y quelite (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats), sin causar daños al sorgo. En los herbicidas POST aplicados en sorgo de seis hojas, prosulfuron a 17 g ha-1 mostró un buen control de polocote en ambos años, pero el control de quelite fue medio en 2008 y en ningún año controló al trompillo (Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.) La mezcla de carfentrazone 2.5 g ha-1 + 2,4-D 225 g ha-1 y 2,4-D a 720 g ha-1 mostraron buen control de maleza, aunque causaron daños al sorgo y redujeron su rendimiento. Dicamba a 144 g ha-1 se comportó en forma similar al 2,4-D en control de maleza, pero causó menores daños al sorgo y no disminuyó su rendimiento. Bromoxinil a 480 g ha-1 controló eficientemente al polocote y al quelite, pero no tuvo efectos sobre trompillo. Bentazona a 960 g ha-1 tuvo un control regular de polocote, pero no fue eficiente en quelite y trompillo. Los resultados indican que hay varias opciones para el control de polocote y quelite, y que para lograr el control de trompillo se debe incluir un herbicida hormonal como 2,4-D o dicamba.

scholarly journals Ecogeography and utility to plant breeding of the crop wild relatives of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael B. Kantar ◽  
Chrystian C. Sosa ◽  
Colin K. Khoury ◽  
Nora P. Castañeda-Álvarez ◽  
Harold A. Achicanoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Crop Wild Relatives ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L

First Report of Pathogenicity of Fusarium sporotrichioides and Fusarium acuminatum on Sunflowers in the United States

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Mathew ◽  
B. Kirkeide ◽  
T. Gulya ◽  
S. Markell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fusarium Sporotrichioides ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Koch’S Postulates ◽  
First Report ◽  
Fusarium Acuminatum ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Koch's Postulates

Widespread infection of charcoal rot was observed in a commercial sunflower field in Minnesota in September 2009. Based on morphology, isolates were identified as F. sporotrichioides and F. acuminatum. Koch's postulates demonstrated pathogencity of both species. To our knowledge, this is the first report of F. sporotrichoides and F. acuminatum causing disease on Helianthus annuus L. in the United States. Accepted for publication 23 August 2010. Published 15 September 2010.

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