scholarly journals Are Tree Seed Systems for Forest Landscape Restoration Fit for Purpose? An Analysis of Four Asian Countries

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 575
Author(s):  
Ennia Bosshard ◽  
Riina Jalonen ◽  
Tania Kanchanarak ◽  
Vivi Yuskianti ◽  
Enrique Tolentino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
National Level ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
Forest Landscape ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Seed Systems ◽  
Landscape Restoration ◽  
Forest Landscape Restoration ◽  
Tree Seed

High-quality, suitably adapted tree seed at volume is a key component for the implementation and long-term success of forest landscape restoration (FLR). We analysed the tree seed systems in four Asian countries—the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia and India—which have committed to restore in total over 47.5 million hectares of degraded lands by 2030. We assessed the national seed systems using an established indicator framework, literature review and expert surveys and interviews. Additionally, we surveyed 61 FLR practitioners about their challenges in acquiring seed to understand how the strengths and weaknesses identified at the national level were reflected in FLR projects on the ground. Identified key constraints common to the studied countries are (i) a mismatch between the growing demand for priority native species and the limited seed supply in terms of quantity and quality, (ii) lack of effective quality control for seed of native species and (iii) lack of information about the effects of climate change on native species to guide species selection and seed sourcing and to improve the resilience of restored ecosystems. We discuss options to strengthen seed systems for native tree species both in terms of quality and volume to enable them to effectively respond to the national FLR commitments and make recommendations on promising technical solutions.

scholarly journals Initial Investment in Diversity Is the Efficient Thing to Do for Resilient Forest Landscape Restoration

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danny P. Nef ◽  
Elisabetta Gotor ◽  
Gabriela Wiederkehr Guerra ◽  
Marius Zumwald ◽  
Chris J. Kettle
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Forest Landscape ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Landscape Restoration ◽  
Forest Landscape Restoration ◽  
Seed Sourcing

The genetic diversity, quality and suitability of seeds and planting stock is crucial for the short and long-term resilience of restored forest landscapes. However, these genetic aspects are widely neglected during both planning and implementation of restoration. Decisions on seed sourcing during implementation of forest landscape restoration (FLR) initiatives often prioritize short-term cost savings over long-term benefits. Such considerations result in strategies that favor rapid and cheap mass production of homogeneous plants and, thus, quantity over quality, with no regard for genetic diversity. This paper explores in detail the economic cost of improved integration of genetic diversity into restoration projects and tests the assumption that the benefits accruing from better integration of diversity exceed the costs. Using a bottom-up cost model, based on peer reviewed scientific literature, we analyse different FLR cost drivers, integrating genetic quality, in relation to the total costs of a range of tree-based restoration interventions, with a focus on seed sourcing, and tree species selection. The results indicate that the integration of genetic diversity into the management and planning of landscape restoration projects increased the costs incurred at the beginning of FLR interventions, specifically during seed sourcing, and species selection. These additional costs were largely due to the increased effort for the collection of genetically diverse and suitably adapted seed lots. However, despite this initial increase in costs the overall costs of restoration decreased substantially, due to cost savings relating to replacement costs of replanting. Even without these savings, the inclusion of genetic diversity is advisable since the costs involved in the integration of diversity are negligible compared to other restoration costs, such as labor costs related to controlling vegetative competition. We conclude that the expected long-term benefits associated with high genetic diversity far outweigh the costs. It also highlights that investing in genetic diversity as part of FLR is the smart thing to do to ensure cost effective and resilient landscape restoration. Restoration policies need to incentivise consideration of genetic diversity.

scholarly journals Land Use Spatial Optimization for Sustainable Wood Utilization at the Regional Level: A Case Study from Vietnam

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 245
Author(s):  
Nguyen Dang Cuong ◽  
Köhl Michael ◽  
Mues Volker
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Land Resource ◽  
Forest Landscape ◽  
Timber Supply ◽  
Landscape Restoration ◽  
Forest Landscape Restoration ◽  
Wood Utilization

Forest landscape restoration is a widely accepted approach to sustainable forest management. In addition to revitalizing degraded sites, forest landscape restoration can increase the supply of sustainable timber and thereby reduce logging in natural forests. The current study presents a spatial land use optimization model and utilizes a linear programming algorithm that integrates timber production and timber processing chains to meet timber demand trade-offs and timber supply. The objective is to maximize yield and profit from forest plantations under volatile timber demands. The model was parameterized for a case study in Thai Nguyen Province, Vietnam, where most forest plantations grow Acacia mangium (A. mangium). Data were obtained from field surveys on tree growth, as well as from questionnaires to collect social-economic information and determine the timber demand of local wood processing mills. The integration of land use and wood utilization approaches reduces the amount of land needed to maintain a sustainable timber supply and simultaneously leads to higher yields and profits from forest plantations. This forest management solution combines economic and timber yield aspects and promotes measures focused on economic sustainability and land resource efficiency.

scholarly journals Forest Landscape Restoration under Global Environmental Change: Challenges and a Future Roadmap

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 276
Author(s):  
Florent Noulèkoun ◽  
Sylvanus Mensah ◽  
Emiru Birhane ◽  
Yowhan Son ◽  
Asia Khamzina
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Global Environmental Change ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Forest Landscape ◽  
Landscape Restoration ◽  
Adverse Impacts ◽  
Forest Landscape Restoration ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Governance Challenges ◽  
Globally Distributed

The adverse impacts of ecosystem degradation have raised the need for forest landscape restoration (FLR) to be included in international sustainability agendas. However, the path towards successful FLR implementation faces numerous biophysical, socioeconomic and governance challenges because FLR operates within complex socioecological systems. In the present study, we review and discuss FLR challenges in the context of global environmental change. We propose a roadmap consisting of five interlinked steps to overcome these challenges: (1) advancing ecological knowledge supporting FLR, (2) adapting FLR management to environmental change through strengthening globally distributed experimental networks, (3) implementing modelling approaches, (4) improving socioeconomic and governance dimensions, and (5) developing evidence-based knowledge platforms. The roadmap offers an iterative and adaptive framework for the continuous evaluation and improvement of FLR strategies and outcomes.

scholarly journals Governing Forest Landscape Restoration: Cases from Indonesia

Forests ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1143-1162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cora van Oosten ◽  
Petrus Gunarso ◽  
Irene Koesoetjahjo ◽  
Freerk Wiersum
Keyword(s):  
Forest Landscape ◽  
Landscape Restoration ◽  
Forest Landscape Restoration

scholarly journals A diagnostic for collaborative monitoring in forest landscape restoration

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 742-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel R. Guariguata ◽  
Kristen Evans
Keyword(s):  
Forest Landscape ◽  
Landscape Restoration ◽  
Forest Landscape Restoration
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